Reformation #3

Question 1

Elizabeth I

Answer 1

Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII’s child.

Question 2

Edward VI

Answer 2

Henry and Jane Seymour’s son. When Henry died in 1547, Edward succeeded him. During his reign, the Church of England began to shift to becoming more Protestant. Parliament gave the clergy the right to marry and gave Protestants a new church service. Edward died right before he turned 16.

Question 3

Act of Supremacy

Answer 3

The Act of Supremacy of 1534 declared that the king was the only supreme head on earth of the new Church of England. This finalized Henry’s break with the pope in Rome.

Question 4

Council of Trent

Answer 4

In response to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church began a Catholic Reformation. It began with the Council of Trent and aimed to return all the followers the church lost through the Reformation. The Council was created by Paul III and began in 1545. It was a group of bishops and theologians meeting on and off for 18 years in the city of Trent. It reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs in opposition to Protestant ideas.

Question 5

Jesuits

Answer 5

Founded by Ignatius of Loyola and formally known the Society of Jesus in 1540. It was a small group of followers who took a vow of absolute obedience to the pope. This made them an important instruction for papal policy. Using education, the Jesuits were able to spread Catholicism. They were very successful in restoring Catholicism to Germany and Eastern Europe, as well as spreading it throughout the world.

Question 6

Ignatius of Loyola

Answer 6

Founded the Jesuits.

Question 7

Paul III

Answer 7

The pope under the Catholic Reformation. Recognized the Jesuits as a religious order in 1540 and appointed a Reform Commission in 1537 to determine the church’s ills. However, this commission ended up blaming all the Church’s problems on the Pope being corrupt. He also began the Council of Trent.

Question 8

Philip II

Answer 8

Under his reign, the Spanish Empire reached its greatest power. He received his empire when Charles V, his father, abdicated his throne. However, Philip was unable to suppress the Netherlands Revolt (began in 1566) and win the Spanish Armada

Question 9

Netherlands Revolt

Answer 9

In 1566, angry Protestants vandalized Catholic Churches. Philip II decided to strike back with military force, but was ultimately unsuccessful.

Question 10

Spanish Armada

Answer 10

The great fleet sent by Philip II in 1588 to invade England. Flanders also sent an army. England successfully got rid of the armada using machine guns, and this was the war to be fought entirely with heavy guns. This was one part of a planned invasion of England, and consisted of 130 ships and 18,000 men.

Question 11

French Wars of Religion

Answer 11

The war between Catholics and Huguenots that lasted from 1562 - 1598. Ended with Henry Navarre’s conversion and the Edict of Nantes. Henry III ordered for the assassination of Henry of Guise. He was a member of the Valois and wanted to take over France, but ultimately failed.

Question 12

Huguenots

Answer 12

French Protestants who followed John Calvin’s teachings.

Question 13

Ultra-Catholics

Answer 13

Catholics who supported papal authority in French affairs.

Question 14

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Answer 14

A Massacre ordered by the King to kill multiple Huguenots leaders, but ended up killing over 25,000 people. Happened in 1572.

Question 15

William the Silent

Answer 15

Leader of the Netherlands Revolt that eventually resulted in Dutch independence.

Question 16

Edict of Nantes

Answer 16

Issued by Henry of Navarre in 1598, after his conversion to Christianity. It allowed Protestants to worship, while establishing Catholicism as the official French religion. This ended the French Wars of Religion.

Question 17

Bourbon Family

Answer 17

Protestant family that came to power with Henry of Navarre.

Question 18

Henry of Navarre

Answer 18

Protestant leader until he succeeded to the throne. He converted to Christianity and issued the Edict of Nantes, ending the religious wars.

Question 19

Henry III

Answer 19

The last ruler of the Valois dynasty who ordered for the assassination of the French king in attempt to stay in power. However, this ended up starting the French Wars of Religion.

Question 20

Charles V

Answer 20

Issued the Peace of Augsburg, accepting the division of Christianity in Germany. This was only because of the many conflicts he had going on, and he couldn’t handle Protestant wars on top of it. He was the king of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 21

Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 21

Signed in 1648, ending the Netherlands Revolt (Dutch and Spanish) and the Thirty Years War (Roman Empire). After this treaty, Spain recognized the independence of the Dutch republic.