Reformation #1

Question 1

Erasmus

Answer 1

Known for “Laying the egg that Luther hatched.” He was a Christian humanist who called his view of religion “the philosophy of Christ”. He wrote the Praise of Folly in 1509 where he criticized monks and attempted to reform the church. He didn’t want to break away from the Church (he wanted to reform it) but his ideas paved the way for the Reformation.

Question 2

Praise of Folly

Answer 2

Written by Erasmus and published in 1509. Spread the “philosophy of Christ,” educated people on Christianity, and criticized the abuses in the Church, as well as the monks.

Question 3

Renaissance Popes

Answer 3

A series of popes that ruled from 1450 to 1520 that were corrupt and the reason reform was called. They were too consumed with their politics and worldly interests than to be the spiritual leaders of the Church.

Question 4

Julius II

Answer 4

The fiery “warrior pope” that personally led armies against his enemies. This disgusts many Christians, as the pope was supposed to be a religious leader, not a military leader.

Question 5

Alexander VI

Answer 5

His neglect of the spiritual inheritance of the Church contributed to the revolution. He was a patron of the arts, ruled during an extreme period of war (France, Ottoman Turks) and created the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Question 6

Borgia Family

Answer 6

Known for their scandals (Alexander slept with his daughter and his favorite son was killed). Ruined the meaning of the church for many.

Question 7

Savonarola

Answer 7

A Dominican preacher who took advantage of the corruption and economic decline under the Medici family rule and who had so many citizens turn to him that the Medici family turned Florence over to him. However, people grew tired of his strict rule, and Savonarola attacked the corruption of the church, angering the pope, and was accused of heresy and executed in 1498.

Question 8

Jan Hus

Answer 8

Studied the English theologian John Wycliffe’s work and spread his words. Opposed the sale of indulgences at Prague’s township, and he left as he began to be accused of heresy. He set off to Constance in hope to defend his case, but wasn’t given time. He was labeled a heretic and thrown in prison. By 1414, he was dead.

Question 9

John Wycliffe

Answer 9

First translator of the Bible into English and one of the forerunners of the Protestant Rebellion. He believed the church should give up worldly possessions.

Question 10

Great Schism

Answer 10

Split within the Roman Catholic Church where two men simultaneously claimed to be the pope. These two men were Urban VI in Rome and Clement VII in Italy. This period ended in 1414 at the Council of Constance with the election of Martin V.

Question 11

Absenteeism

Answer 11

The practice of ruling from afar. Ex. An Italian man could rule a French territory. Many Bishops ruled from afar during the Reformation.

Question 12

Pluralism

Answer 12

The practice of bishops ruling multiple districts at once.

Question 13

Heresy

Answer 13

Speaking out/opposing the Catholic Church

Question 14

Simony

Answer 14

People paying for positions in the Church

Question 15

Protestant

Answer 15

A new form of Catholicism, one that disagrees with the Roman Catholic Church and agrees with the principles of the Protestant Reformation.

Question 16

Indulgences

Answer 16

If you paid for indulgences (pieces of paper) you could be free from sin. People began to think you could buy salvation.

Question 17

Pope Leo X

Answer 17

Excommunicated Luther after he refused to retract his theses. He didn’t take Luther or his movement seriously until after Luther’s death.

Question 18

95 Theses

Answer 18

Began the Protestant Rebellion. Martin Luther was greatly angered by the sale of indulgences, especially Johann Tetzel’s, and on October 31, 1517, he stuck his Ninety-five Theses on the Church’s doors. These theses were a list on everything the Church did wrong, and it especially targeted the sale of indulgences.

Question 19

Wittenberg Castle

Answer 19

Martin Luther was a monk and professor at the University of Wittenberg. He stuck his 95 theses to the wall of the Wittenberg Castle.

Question 20

1517

Answer 20

Martin Luther sticks his 95 theses on the Wittenberg Castle’s door, beginning the Protestant Reformation.

Question 21

Johann Tetzel

Answer 21

The Catholic Church authorized monk Johann Tetzel to sell indulgences to raise money. This infuriated Luther. Luther also found it extremely offensive that Tetzel’s slogan was “as soon as the coin in the money box rings, the soul from purgatory springs.” Luther believed this was wrong on so many levels, and the complete opposite on what Christianity was actually about.

Question 22

Bohemia

Answer 22

Stayed Roman Catholic, and closed Protestant churches, beginning the 30 years war

Question 23

Slavata and Martinitz

Answer 23

When Protestant churches closed, many Protestants were angry and they threw two royal governors, Slavata and Martinitz and their secretary out a window. This was because they believed they violated the Letter of Majesty, issued by the Holy Roman Emperor, that granted religious freedom to Protestants.

Question 24

30 Years War

Answer 24

Battle among the Catholic and Protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire. It aimed to establish freedom of religion.