Global Interactions #3 Flashcards
Plantations
Agricultural estates that were established in the 1500s. They were located along the coast of Brazil and the Caribbean Islands to grow sugarcane. This demanded a lot of labor, and most of the Native American population had either died from diseases or were too weak. As an alternative, Africans began to be shipped to Europe.
East India Company
Shortly after arriving in India in 1595, the Dutch formed the East India Company, competing with the Spanish and Portuguese for trade.
British East India Company
Founded in 1600 and was an English monopolistic trading body that was created so England could participate in the Spice Trade.
Triangular Trade
Trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. European ships carried manufactured goods (guns, cloth) and traded them in Africa for enslaved people. These people were then shipped to the Americas, where they were traded for tobacco, sugar, molasses, and raw cotton. These materials were then sent back to Europe.
Middle Passage
The journey of enslaved people from Africa to the Americas was known as the Middle Passage. Many either died on the journey or after arriving due to exposure to new diseases.
Raw Materials
Sent from the Americas to Europe in return for enslaved Africans.
King Afonso of Kongo
Since Afonso was the ruler of Kongo in west central Africa, he was in an arrangement with Portugal. Afonso agreed to the Portuguese establishing institutions on his land, and he provided them with enslaved people, as long as they weren’t his own people. He wanted to have a friendly relationship with the Portuguese king. Afonso wrote a letter to the king about his concerns of the slave trade’s effects on his people. King Joao did not honor his request, and the Portuguese continued to organize raids into Africa and even attempted to assassinate Afonso when they were under the impression he was hiding gold.
Queen Nzinga Mbande of Ndongo
Stood up to the Portuguese and argued for her right when it came to trade.
Joao III
Refused to honor Afonso’s requests, and broke their agreement on the African slave trade.
Viceroy
The Portuguese began to assert their power over their new colony in Brazil through a position called a governor-general (viceroy). They only had loose control over the officials below him, who governed the official Brazilian districts. The Spanish used this method as well with their American colonies.
Governor-General
Another name for viceroys.
New Spain
Where the first Spanish Viceroy was established in 1535. New Spain = Mexico
Colonial Latin America Social Structure
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattoes
Peninsulares
1 on social structure
Spanish and Portuguese born in Europe and held all important government roles
Creoles
2 on social structure
Descendants of Europeans, but born in Latin America
Managed land and business
