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MEDSCI201 > The Lung > Flashcards

The Lung Flashcards

1
Q

Upper airway

A

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx

Not close to airway

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2
Q

Lower airway

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alevioli

Closer to blood supply
Functional - only air is transported (nasal cavity -> terminal brochiole)

Respiratory zone (16-17)
Resp bronchiole -> alveoli
Risk of infection

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3
Q

Respiratory epithelium

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium + goblet cells + stem/basal cells

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4
Q

Nasal hair - vibrissae

A

Filter
Air swished/swirled
Particles captured by mucus
Moved to the pharynx by cilia
Mucociliary escalator
Warming the air
Water exchange

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5
Q

Trachea epi

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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6
Q

Bronchus epi

A

Columnar ciliated

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7
Q

lower bronchus epi

A

cuboidal ciliated

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8
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

don’t have cilia

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9
Q

Bronchi/Trachea

A

Cartilage - open

Defense
Glands - mucus
Goblet cells

Ciliated

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10
Q

Bronchioles

A

Flow
Ciliated cuboidal epithelium
Club cells - club cell secretion (anti inflam)
Smooth muscle

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11
Q

Pneumocyte type I cell

A

Cover 95% surface area in squamous. Ideal for gas exchange

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12
Q

Pneumocyte type II cell

A

Secret surfactant - a liquid lining
Reduce surface tension inside alveoli
Less work for breathing

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13
Q

Premature birth

A

Surfactant unsufficient

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14
Q

Pneumonia

A

fluid/pus in airway

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15
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Decrease elastic fibres and alveoli space (SA)

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16
Q

Hilum

A

Where bronchi and pulmonary vessels enter and exit

17
Q

Stages of Lung development - 26 days to 7 week
(embryonic)

A

Lung bud arises as ventral outpouching and undergoes 3 round of branching, producing the primordia of the two lungs, lung lobes and bronchopulmonary segments

18
Q

Stages of Lung development - 5 to 17 week
(pseudoglandular)

A

Respiratory tree undergoes more generations of branching, resulting in formation of bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles. Lung resembles a gland

19
Q

Stages of Lung development 16-25
(cancalicular)

A

Each terminal bronchiole gives rise to 2 or more resp bronchioles. Each divides into 3-6 alveolar ducts lined by cuboidal cells.

20
Q

Stages of Lung development - 24 week to after birth
(saccular)

A

Alveolar ducts give rise to thin walled terminal air sacs. Type I alveolar cells are intimately associated with blood and lymph capillaries. Type II alveolar cells develop and begin to produce surfactant.

21
Q

Stages of Lung development - Late foetal to 8 years
(alveolar)

A

Number of terminal sacs increases. Alveoli mature through continued thinning of squamous epithelial lining and more intimate contact with surrounding capillaries

22
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

32 weeks-term: good survival
<24-28 weeks: poor survival
Hard to inflate lungs - limited surfactant
Glucocorticoids to mother in labour

MEDSCI201 (21 decks)

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