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MEDSCI201 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of skin

A

Barrier - water loss and entry. Burned can result in dehydration due to loss of barrier

Microorganisms
- physical barrier
- oil of skin is antibacterial (Sebum)
- sweat (slightly acidic - inhibits bacterial growth)

Ultra-violet radiation - melanin

Excretory organ - sweat

Synthesis of Vit D - by action of UV, Ca2+

Sense organ - touch, pressure etc

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2
Q

Layers of skin

A

Epidermis - keratinocytes
Dermis - layers of connective tissue
Hypodermis - subcutaneous layer

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3
Q

List layers of Epidermis

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

Has 5 zones
Stratum corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum basale

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4
Q

Stratum corneum

A

dead cless, lost as skin replaces itself

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5
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only in thick skin

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6
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Oils, proteins - waterproof the skin

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7
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Structure and strength
Spot desmosomes
Keratin

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8
Q

Stratum basale

A

Basal layer - stem cells
40 days to migrate from base to be lost

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9
Q

Thick skin

A

epidermis: 400-600um
Palms of hands including fingers, soles of feet included toes - protection to areas under stress

Increased Stratum corneum

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10
Q

Thin skin

A

epidermis: 75 to 150 um - rest of body

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11
Q

Keratinocyte

A

Immune role - produce cytokines
Epithelial cells - gives epidermis strength (structure)

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12
Q

Melanocyte

A

Produce melanin
Darker skin - more active melanocytes

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13
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Dendritic cells - detect foreign bodies -> immune response

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14
Q

Keratin

A

Key structural material
Forms intermediate filaments giving strength, protection and waterproofing for skin.

Keratin of hair and nails more tightly packed

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15
Q

Melanin

A

Production occurs afters exposure to UV radiation, causing skin to tna

Released by melanocytes and taken up by keratinocytes

Darker skin is due to more active melanocytes, not a great number

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16
Q

Attachment of epidermis to dermis

A

Epidermis attached by epidermal ridges

Contour of skin follows these ridges - leads to formation of structures like finger prints

17
Q

Layers of dermis

A

Papillary layer - areolar connective tissue

Reticular layer - dense irregular connective tissue. Bundles of collagen arranged in different orientations. Strength allows movement in different directions

18
Q

Papillary layer

A

Consists of loose connective tissue, blood vessels, cells and sensory receptors.

Allows movement of immune cells to detect bacteria

Dermal papillae - blood vessels nourish all hair follicles, bring nutrients and oxygen to the lower epidermal cell layers

19
Q

Reticular layer

A

Dense, irregular collagen I that surrounds hair follicles, blood vessels and glands.

Contains majority of elastin in dermis

20
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce collagen and elastin

21
Q

Mast cells

A

Produce cytokines

22
Q

Collagen in skin

A

Responsible for skin strength and elasticity. Its degradation leaks to wrinkles that accompany aging

23
Q

Elastin

A

Allows skin to return to its original position after stretching or contracting
- aging leads to loss of elastin fibres

24
Q

Hypodermis

A

Loose connective tissue and adipocytes
Bind skin to underlying tissues, provides padding and thermal insulation

25
Q

Skin derivatives

A

Nails, hair, sebaceous and sweat glands

26
Q

Nails

A

Nail body is formed from nail matrix

27
Q

Hair

A

Hair is produced from hair matrix and hair papilla inside the hair bulb have blood vessels that nourish the hair

28
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oily substance called sebum
Holocrine secretion - cells break down

29
Q

Sweat gland

A

Apocrine swell gland found in axillae, groin and nipples. Produce apocrine sweat -> bacteria and body odor. Loss of part of cell but is replaced

Merocrine sweat glands replace via blebs from the membrane and cool the body as sweat evaporates.

30
Q

Skin as a sensory organ

A

Has thermoreceptors (heat), nociceptors (pain) and mechanoreceptors.

31
Q

Thermoregulation

A

TRP receptors
Primary sensory cortex receives conscious response to temperature

Hypothalamus receives autonomic response to temperature

32
Q

Cold thermoreceptors

A

TRPA1, TRPM8, TRPC5

33
Q

Innocuous thermoreceptors

A

TRPV4, TRPM2 TRPV3

34
Q

Hot thermoreceptors

A

TRPV1 (chilli), TRPM3, TRPV2

35
Q

Cold ligands

A

Eucalyptol, Menthol, Ilicin

36
Q

Warm ligands

A

Camphor, Carvacrol, Eugenol, thymol

MEDSCI201 (21 decks)

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