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MEDSCI201 > Renal system > Flashcards

Renal system Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of Nephron

A

Cortex
Outer medulla (Outer stripe, Inner stripe)
Inner medulla

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2
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus

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3
Q

Renal corpuscle formation

A

Blind ended tube attracted to blood vessel (insinuation) forming capillary tuft (Glomerulus / Glomerular capillaries) then into a renal corpuscle (Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus)

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4
Q

Mesangial cell

A

Helps phagocytose and modulate how leaky the filtration unit is (contraction and relaxation)

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5
Q

Podocytes

A

Glomerular (visceral epithelium)

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6
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells

A

Granular cells (myoepithelial cells) in the media of the arteriole (produce renin)

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7
Q

Pale cells

A

Modified extraglomerular mesangial cells

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8
Q

Dense spots of Macula densa

A

Sample the tubule (sensors)

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9
Q

What makes up the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Juxtaglomerular cells
Pale cells
Macula densa

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10
Q

Urinary pole

A

Region of the renal corpuscle where the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) begins.

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11
Q

Vascular pole

A

Afferent and efferent arteriole end

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12
Q

Filtration & reabsorption amount

A

1700 litres/day through glomerular capillaries
180 litres/day plasma filtered
1.5 litres urine/day

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13
Q

Components of filter

A

Endothelium of capillary
Basement membrane
Slit pores (covered by a slit membrane) between podocytes
Surface coat of processes

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14
Q

Basal lamina components

A

Lamina rara interna
Lamina densa
Lamina rara externa

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15
Q

Basal lamina

A

Collagen fibres in a glycoprotein matrix (proteoglycans)

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16
Q

Diaphragm function

A

In between epithelial foot processes. Cell-surface proteins (nephrin, podocalyxin and P-cadherin) restrict the passage of large macromolecules (e.g serum albumin and gamma globulin)

17
Q

What gets through the diaphragm

A

Particles can get through, but the negative charge of the surface coat (acidic glycoproteins) help repel negatively charged proteins back into the bloodstream. Size, shape and charge are important

18
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

Reabsorption of water, ions and all organic nutrients

19
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Secretion of ions, acids, drugs, toxins. Variable reabsorption of water, sodium ions and calcium ions (under hormonal control)

20
Q

Renal corpuscle function

A

Production of filtrate

21
Q

Nephron loop

A

Further reabsorption of water (descending limb) and both sodium and chloride ions (ascending limb)

22
Q

Connecting tubules and collecting duct function

A

Variable reabsorption of water and reabsorption or secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

23
Q

Papillary duct

A

Delivery of urine to minor calyx

24
Q

Common features between epithelial tubular cells of different regions of the nephron

A

Cytoplasmic processes interdigitate
Zonula occludens (tight junction) at luminal surface
Basal lamina continuous
Intercellular space is continuous with the peritubular space

25
Q

Label this ting blud

A
  1. Renal capsule
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla
  4. Medullary Ray
  5. Papilla
  6. Calyx
  7. Pelvis
  8. Ureter
26
Q

Label this ting blud

A
  1. Renal column
  2. Medullary Ray
  3. Cortex
  4. Medulla
  5. Minor Calyx
  6. Papilla
27
Q

Order of blood supply of multilobar kidney

A

Aorta
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar
Arcuate artery
Interlobular artery
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent Arteriole

28
Q

Blood supply to outer cortex

A

Capillaries of cortex
Stellate vein
Interlobular vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
Inferior Vena Cava

29
Q

Inner Cortex blood supply

A

Arterial (descending) Vasa recta
Capillaries of Medulla
Venous (Ascending) Vasa Recta
Arcuate Vein

30
Q

Vasa recta

A

Thin-walled vessels, with larger lumen than capillaries

31
Q

Label this ting blud

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Lamina rara interna
  3. Lamina Densa
  4. Lamina rara externa
  5. Epithelial foot processes
  6. Basal lamina
32
Q

Label this ting blud

A

1.Proximal convoluted tubule
2.Basement membrane
3. Erythrocytes
4. Glomerular basement membrane
5. Capsular (parietal) epithelium
6. Juxtaglomerular cells
7. Afferent arteriole
8. Smooth muscle cells in media
9. Distal tubule
10. Macula densa
11. Efferent arteriole
12. Pale cells
13. Glomerular (visceral) epithelium
14. Endothelium
15. Mesangial cell
16. Glomerular capillaries

33
Q

Epithelium of urethra and bladder

A

Bladder: transitional -> stratified columnar -> stratified squamous (outside)

34
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Surrounded by a smooth muscle layer and fibro-elastic connective tissue

Urine proofed - with tight junctions between cells and a specialised cell membrane on luminal side

MEDSCI201 (21 decks)

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