The lengthening المدود

Question 1

Definition of Madd(lengthening)

Answer 1

Linguistically: increase and prolongation.
Applied definition: lengthening the sound with one of the three madd letters or of the two leenletters.

The letters of madd and leen are: ‘ا’sakinah, ‘و’ sakinah, and ‘ي’ sakinah, and the letters which precede them are similar to them

Question 2

why are madd letters called letters of madd and letters of softness

Answer 2

They are called (the letters of madd) because they have the ability to stretch and get prolonged.
And they are called (the letters of softness) because they are emitted lengthily and softly with no exaggeration

Question 3

The two letters of Leen(اللين

Answer 3

It was previously mentioned regarding the characteristics of the letters, that the two letters of leenare the ‘و’ sakinah and ‘ي’ sakinah, preceded by a Fatha(َ )

Question 4

Types of Madd in Glorious Qur’an

Answer 4

Primary(natural)
What follows it:
Secondary
(lengthened more than two counts)
Caused by Hamzah
Caused by Sukoon
Exchange (بدل )
Substitute (عوض )
Minor connecting
(الصلة الصغرى )
Joined (المتصل )
Separated (المنفصل )
Major connecting (الصلة الكبرى )
Compulsory (اللازم )
Conditional due to a Sukoon(العارض للسكون )
Leen(اللين )

Question 5

Measuring the durations of madd

Answer 5

The duration of Madd are measured by counts.
The count (الحركة ) is the period of time needed to pronounce a letter with Harakah(fatha, dhammah or kasrah). 

Accordingly:
The time needed to pronounce قَ = The time needed to pronounce قِ = The time needed to pronounce قُ

Question 6

Measuring the durations of madd, part 2

Answer 6

The scholars of recitation have 5 quantities for measuring the durations of mudood. They are:
1-Shortening(القصر ): to lengthen the amount of 2 counts : the natural madd.
2-A little above shortening: to lengthen the amount of 3 counts.
3-Moderation(التوسط ): to lengthen the amount of 4 counts: twice the natural madd.
4-A little above moderation: to lengthen the amount of 5 counts.
5-Prolongation(الطول ): to lengthen the amount of 6 counts: thrice the natural madd.

Question 7

Madd - Attention

Answer 7

The length of the count-and subsequently the length of madd- is proportional to the speed of the recitation:
تحقيق (slow reading), تدوير (moderation) and حدر
(quick reading).
For instance:
(4) Counts in تحقيق are longer than (4) Counts in تدوير
(4) Counts in تدوير are longer than (4) Counts in حدر

Question 8

Proportionality of the durations of

Mudood with the speed of recitation

Answer 8

4 counts in تحقيق
4 counts in تدوير
4 counts in حدر

And the same for the rest of the durations of Mudood, which are (2,3,5,6) counts

Question 9

1-The natural madd المد الطبيعي

Answer 9

It is the madd with which the letter is realized only by it, and it does not depend on a cause of a Hamzah or Sukoon, as in:
It is held for only 2 counts.
Two counts: the period of time needed to pronounce two consecutive letters with Harakah, as in: بَ بَ , بُ بُ
or بِ بِ .

Question 10

2-The Exchange madd المد البدل

Answer 10

It is every prolonged hamzah, and it is special case of the natural madd. It is prolonged for two counts

Question 11

3- The Substitute madd المد العوض

Answer 11

It is substituting an ‘ ا’ for the tanween with a Fatha ( (ً
when stopping on it, and it is held for two counts. It
follows the natural madd

Question 12

Substitute madd - Attention 1

Answer 12

The tanween with a Fatha is not substituted by an
ا‘ ’ when it is above feminine ‘ ه ’; rather the
tanween is omitted and we stop on the feminine
ه‘ ’ with sukoon

Question 13

Substitute madd - Attention 2

Answer 13

Arabs stop on ( ماءً ) as ( ماءَا ), with ‘ ا’ after the Hamzah,
but they do not write it because they do not join
between two neighboring ‘ ا’ in writing and that is how
they stop on every similar case, as in :
This madd belongs to the substitute madd مد العوض , and
not the exchange madd, because its ‘ ا’ is incidental due
to stopping, and so is stopping on a word

Question 14

4-The Separated allowed madd

المد الجائز المنفصل

Answer 14

It is to have a madd letter at the end of the first word and the Hamzah at the beginning of the next letter, as in:
It is called (allowed madd مد جائز ) because reciters disagree concerning its duration.
According to Hafsby the way of ash-shatibiyah, it is lengthened for (4)or (5)

Question 15

Separated allowed madd - Attention 1

Answer 15

The (يا ) used for calling and (ها ) used for attention were written with an omitted ‘ا’ and linked to the next word in the Holy Quran, as in :
The maddin these words and those alike is a separated allowed madd مد منفصل , and not a joined madd مد متصل .

Question 16

5-The Joined Required madd

المد الواجب المتصل

Answer 16

It is to have a madd letter followed by a Hamzah in the same word, as in:
It is called (required madd مد واجب ) because it is required to lengthen it more than the natural maddfor all reciters. In the narration of Hafsby the way of ash-shatibiyah, it is elongated (4)or (5)counts

Question 17

Joined Required madd - Attention 1

Answer 17

The length of the separated madd المنفصل should be all the time equal to the length of the joined madd المتصل

Question 18

Joined Required madd - Attention 2

Answer 18

The (ها ) in the word is an original part of the word and not for attention; accordingly, the maddin it is a Joined متصل one, not a separated madd منفصل

Question 19

The symbol of madd in the script of the mus’haf

Answer 19

Scholars agreed on putting this symbol on a letter of madd as an indication of lengthening it more than its normal elongation.
The origin of this symbol is the word ( مَ د ) -which means (lengthened)-and it changed with the passage of time to the shape of the elongation symbol.

Question 20

6-The Connecting madd مد الصلة

Answer 20

It is to join the pronoun (ه ), which represents the masculine singular third person, to a ‘ و’if the (ه ) is with Dhammah, and to a ‘ي’if it is with Kasrah, providing that it occurs between two letters with Harakah

Question 21

Typed of Connecting madd مد الصلة

Answer 21

Major connecting (صلة كبرى)
There is a همزة قطع ء after the ( ه )

Minor connecting (صلة صغرى)
There is no همزة قطع ء
after the ( ه )

Question 22

How long the minor Connecting madd الصلة الصغرى

is lengthened

Answer 22

The minor Connecting madd is elongated for two
counts, and it belongs to the natural madd
المدالطبيعي

Question 23

How long the major Connecting madd الصلة الكبرى

is lengthened

Answer 23

The major Connecting madd is elongated for (4)
or (5) counts, and it belongs to the separated
madd ( المدالمنفصل

Question 24

Connecting madd - Attention 1

Answer 24

The connecting madd ( مد الصلة ) occurs only
when joining, so when stopping, we stop with
a Sukoon

Question 25

Connecting madd - Attention 2

Answer 25

In the following examples, and those similar to them,
there is no connecting madd because of the absence of the condition, as in:

Because after the ه there is no Sukoon
Because before and after the ه there is no Sukoon
Because before the ه there is no Sukoon
Because the ه of the pronoun ( ه ) is with Sukoon

Question 26

Connecting madd - Attention 3

Answer 26

According to the narration of Hafs, there are two words
which are an exception to the rule of the connecting
madd:
1- The first: the rule does not apply to it, because there
is Sukoon before the ه , yet it has a connecting madd:
2- The second: the rule applies to it, beacause the ه is
between two letters with Harakah, and yet it has no
connecting madd:

Question 27

Connecting madd - Attention 4

Answer 27

Arabs treat the ه in the same way they treat the ه
of the pronoun regarding the existence or nonexistence
of the connecting madd ( صلة ),

Question 28

Connecting madd - Attention 5

Answer 28

The letter ه in the following words and their
counterparts is not a pronoun; rather, it is the pausing
هاء السكت ه which arabs add to the end of some words in
order to clarify the Harakah of the last letter of the
word.
According to Hafs, it is red with Sukoon when both
joining and stopping

Question 29

Connecting madd - Attention 6

Answer 29

The letter ه in the following words and their counterparts is part and parcel of the word. It is not ه
of a pronoun

Question 30

The symbol of the minor Connecting madd in

the script of the mus’haf

Answer 30

It is putting a small ( و) after the ( ه ) of the pronoun
which has a Dhammah, as in :
And putting a small ( ي) directed backwards
after the ( ه ) of the pronoun which has a Kasrah

Question 31

The symbol of the major Connecting madd in the script of the mus’haf

Answer 31

It is putting the symbol of maddabove the connecting ‘و’ or ‘ي’

Question 32

7-The Compulsory madd المد اللازم

Answer 32

It is to have the madd letter followed by a letter with an original Sukoon, both when joining stopping,

Question 33

Typed of Compulsory madd المد اللازم

Answer 33

Compulsory in a letter
لازم حرفي
Compulsory in a word
لازم كلمي

Both have can be either Heavy, or Light

Question 34

The Duration of the Compulsory madd

Answer 34

All the types of the compulsory madd المد اللازم are held for (6) counts.

In other words, it is prolonged three times as long as the natural madd

Question 35

The Separate letters in the book of Allah

Answer 35

Allah, the Great and the Almighty, began (29) surahs of the Glorious Quran with separate letters, the meaning of which is known only by Allah.

As to our share of them, it is:

1. Belief that they are Allah’s Words.
2. Reciting them as they were revealed.

Question 36

The Separate letters in the book of Allah

Answer 36

The number of separate letters in the Quran is (14), gathered in the Arabic words:

نص حكيم قاطع له سر

The (14) separate letters in the Quran appear in (14) forms

Question 37

The lengthenings among the Separate letters

Answer 37

The separate letters are divided into four groups according to the Madd in them:
1. ألف : it has no Madd, because of the lack of a madd letter.
2.The letters of ( حَيٌّ طَهُرَ ): each is pronounced as two letters, the second of them is a madd letter which is prolonged for two counts, as a natural madd, as follows: (
حَا،يَا،طَا،هَا،رَا
3. The letters of ( سَنَقُصُّ لَكُمْ ): each is pronounced as three letters, the middle one being a madd letter which is held for (6) counts, as a Compuslory madd,

سِينْ ، نُونْ ، قَافْ ، صَادْ ، لَامْ ، كَافْ ، مِيمْ

Question 38

The lengthenings among the Separate letters, part 2

Answer 38

4. The letter (ع): is pronounced as three letters, the middle one being a soft letter which is held for (4) or (6) counts according to the way of ash-shatibiya, it follows the soft madd مد اللين

Question 39

separate letters - Attention 1

Answer 39

The reciter of the Glorious Quran should read the

names of the separate letters, not the letters themselves,

Question 40

separate letters - Attention 2

Answer 40

The reciter should apply the rules of Tajweed to the
separate letters in the Glorious Quran so that he/she
merges, conceals, makes Qalqalah, makes heavy and
makes light,

Question 41

Summary of the Madd Topic

Answer 41

Duration of madd — The letter — kind of madd

0 (ألف) it has no madd
2 (حَيٌّ طَهُرَ) natural madd
6 (سَنَقُصُّ لَكُمْ) Compulsory madd
4 or 6 (عَيْنْ) Follows the soft madd

Question 42

8-The Presented Sukoon madd

المد العارض للسكون

Answer 42

It is performed when madd letter is followed by a sakin letter because of a presented Sukoon due to stopping, as in:
The presented Sukoon madd is prolonged for (2), (4) or (6) counts.
If the reciter starts his/her reading with one of the three durations of the presented Sukoon madd mentioned above, he/she should continue with the same duration until he/she finishes his/her recitation.

Question 43

9-The soft madd مد اللين

Answer 43

It is performed when a soft (لين ) letter is followed by a sakinletter because of a presented Sukoon due to stopping, as in:
The soft maddis prolonged for (2), (4) or (6) counts.
If the reciter starts his/her reading with one of the three durations of the presented Sukoon madd mentioned above, he/she should continue with the same duration until he/she finishes his/her recitation

Question 44

When the Presented Sukoon and Soft mudood meet

Answer 44

When the presented sukoon(عارض للسكون ) and soft (لين ) lengtheningsmeet during the recitation, the duration of the soft maddshould be either equal to, or less than, the presented sukoon(عارض للسكون )madd.

If The reciter lengthens the presented madd — He/she should elongate the soft madd

2 — 2
4 — 2 -4
6 — 2 –4 -6

Question 45

Mistakes made when pronouncing the letters

of madd

Answer 45

1. Prolongation of the duration of the natural madd
   more than the required time, especially when
   concluding the recitation
2. Shortening the duration of the natural madd until it
   is changed into one of the three Harakat
3. Prolongation of the duration of mudood more than
   their definite durations to the extent of exaggeration,
   though scholars repeatedly forbade doing so,
4. Ending their sound with a Hamzah when stopping,
5. Mixing their sound with a slight sound of Ghunnah

Question 46

Comparison among the types of secondary madd

Answer 46

The compulsory : it is the maddon which reciters have agreed to prolong, and agreed on its amount. It is the terminological compulsory madd.

The required: it is the maddon which reciters have agreed to prolong, and disagreed on its amount. It is the attached (متصل ) madd.

The allowed: it is the maddon which reciters disagreed between prolong and shortening it, and disagreed on its amount. It is the separate (منفصل ) madd, the major connecting (صلة كبرى ) madd, the presented sukoonmadd(عارض ) and the soft (لين ) madd.