The Larynx: Functional Anatomy of Respiration and Phonation: Cartilages and Framework (AP)

Question 1

Vertebral height of larynx

Answer 1

C3-C6

Question 2

What connects the hyoid bone to the larynx (and to which structure specifically)?

Answer 2

• Thyrohyoid membrane
• Thyroid cartilage

Question 3

2 groups forming the extrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 3

• Suprahyoid muscles
• Infrahyoid muscles

Question 4

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 4

• Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid
• Stylohyoid
• Digastric

Question 5

Functions of each suprahyoid muscle

Answer 5

• M = forms oral diaphragm, elevates floor of mouth
• G = moves hyoid forwards
• S = elevates hyoid
• D = elevates hyoid

Question 6

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 6

• Omohyoid
• Sternohyoid
• Sternothyroid
• Thyrohyoid

Question 7

Function of infrahyoid muscles

Answer 7

Depress hyoid bone and larynx

Question 8

Which nerve supplies mucosa below the vocal folds?

Answer 8

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 9

Which nerve supplies mucosa above the vocal folds?

Answer 9

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 10

What is the function of the vestibular folds?

Answer 10

Protect vocal folds beneath them

Question 11

Which arteries supply the larynx?

Answer 11

• Superior laryngeal artery
• Inferior laryngeal artery

Question 12

Origin of superior laryngeal artery

Answer 12

External carotid artery –> Superior thyroid artery –> Superior laryngeal artery

Question 13

Origin of inferior laryngeal artery

Answer 13

Subclavian artery –> Thyrocervical trunk –> Inferior thyroid artery –> Inferior laryngeal artery

Question 14

Which movements are attainable at the cricothyroid joint?

Answer 14

• Flexion
• Extension

Question 15

What does flexion of the cricothyroid joint cause?

Answer 15

• Tightening of vocal folds
• Increases pitch of voice

Question 16

Which movements are attainable at the cricoarytenoid joints?

Answer 16

Rotation

Question 17

Which cartilage is the only one to form a full ring around the larynx?

Answer 17

Cricoid cartilage

Question 18

Which structure forms the vestibular ligament at its free end?

Answer 18

Quadrangular membrane

Question 19

Superior attachment of the quadrangular membrane

Answer 19

Epiglottis

Question 20

Which structure forms the vocal ligament at its free end?

Answer 20

Conus elasticus

Question 21

Inferior attachment of conus elasticus

Answer 21

Cricoid cartilage

Question 22

What does the epiglottis attach to, in which direction, and via what ligament?

Answer 22

• Thyroid cartilage
• Anteriorly
• Thyro-epiglottic ligament

Question 23

What cartilage is the epiglottis made of?

Answer 23

Elastic

Question 24

Vertebral height of hyoid bone

Answer 24

C3

Question 25

Vertebral height of upper border of thyroid cartilage

Answer 25

C4/C5

Question 26

Vertebral height of cricoid cartilage

Answer 26

C6