Functional Anatomy of Respiration and Phonation: Cartilages and Framework

Question 1

9 cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton

Answer 1

• Thyroid cartilage
• Cricoid cartilage
• Epiglottis
• 2 x Arytenoid cartilage
• 2 x Corniculate cartilage
• 2 x Cuneiform cartilage

Question 2

What cartilage is the thyroid cartilage made of?

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage

Question 3

What are the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage attached to?

Answer 3

Cricoid cartilage

Question 4

What do the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage attach to and via which ligaments?

Answer 4

• Hyoid bone
• Lateral thyrohyoid ligaments

Question 5

What attaches the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

Answer 5

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 6

Specific attachments of thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 6

• Superior border of lamina of thyroid cartilage (inferior)
• Inferior border of hyoid bone (superior)

Question 7

What cartilage is the cricoid cartilage made of?

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage

Question 8

For which structures does the cricoid cartilage contain facets for?

Answer 8

• Inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
• Arytenoid cartilages

Question 9

Which ligament connects the cricoid cartilage and first tracheal ring?

Answer 9

Cricotracheal ligament

Question 10

What does the epiglottis attach to, in which direction, and via which ligament?

Answer 10

• Thyroid cartilage
• Anteriorly
• Thyro-epiglottic ligament

Question 11

Processes of the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 11

• Muscular process
• Vocal process

Question 12

Where do the corniculate cartilages attach to the arytenoids?

Answer 12

Apex of arytenoid

Question 13

What does conus elasticus attach to and in which direction?

Answer 13

• Superior border of cricoid cartilage
• Inferiorly

Question 14

What is the free, thickened edge of conus elasticus?

Answer 14

Vocal ligament

Question 15

Which direction do the corniculate cartilages face?

Answer 15

Medially

Question 16

Where are the cuneiform cartilages found?

Answer 16

Suspended in connective tissue superior to corniculates

Question 17

What does the quadrangular membrane attach to and in which direction?

Answer 17

• Edge of epiglottis
• Superiorly

Question 18

What is the free, thickened edge of the quadrangular membrane?

Answer 18

Vestibular ligament

Question 19

Which ligament attaches the epiglottis to the hyoid?

Answer 19

Hyo-epiglottic ligament

Question 20

What is the gap found horizontally between the vocal folds called?

Answer 20

Rima glottidis

Question 21

What is the gap found horizontally between the vestibular folds called?

Answer 21

Rima vestibuli

Question 22

When is a vocal/vestibular ligament called a fold?

Answer 22

When it is combined with the surrounding mucosa

Question 23

What is the area of the larynx enclosed between the vocal and vestibular folds?

Answer 23

Glottis

Question 24

What is the area of the larynx found above the vestibular folds?

Answer 24

Vestibule or supraglottic space

Question 25

What is the area of the larynx found under the vocal folds?

Answer 25

Infraglottic space

Question 26

What are the spaces found laterally between the vestibular and vocal folds?

Answer 26

Laryngeal ventricles

Question 27

Which nerve supplies mucosa below the vocal folds?

Answer 27

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 28

Which nerve supplies mucosa above the vocal folds?

Answer 28

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve