Basic Topography of the Lower Respiratory Tract: Thoracic cavity, Diaphragm and Surface Anatomy (AP) Flashcards
Which nerve supplies the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Spinal roots supplying the phrenic nerve
C3-5
What passes through the superior thoracic aperture?
- Trachea
- Oesophagus
- Major blood vessels and nerves
Boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture
- Xiphoid process
- Costal margin
- Floating ribs
- T12 vertebra
Where do ribs articulate with vertebrae?
- Facets on head of rib articulate with superior and inferior (demi)facets of vertebral body
- Facet on tubercle of rib articulates with facet on transverse process of vertebra
How do ribs articulate with the intervertebral disc?
Intra-articular ligament runs from between the 2 facets on head of rib to the disc
Bony attachments of the diaphragm
- Xiphoid process
- Costal margin
- Floating ribs
- Lumbar vertebrae
How does the phrenic nerve pass with respect to the hilum of the lung?
Passes anteriorly to the hilum
How does the vagus nerve pass with respect to the hilum of the lung?
Passes posteriorly to the hilum
At what vertebral level does the IVC cross the diaphragm?
T8
At what vertebral level does the oesophagus cross the diaphragm?
T10
At what vertebral level does the aorta cross the diaphragm?
T12
At what vertebral level does the thoracic duct cross the diaphragm?
T12
At what vertebral level does the vagus nerve cross the diaphragm?
T10
At what vertebral level does the azygous vein cross the diaphragm?
T12
At what vertebral level does the left phrenic nerve cross the diaphragm?
T8
At what vertebral level does the right phrenic nerve cross the diaphragm?
T8
At what vertebral level do the left gastric vein and artery cross the diaphragm?
T10
In which planes does the thorax increase in volume during inspiration?
- Sagittal (anteriorly)
- Coronal (laterally)
Which anatomical landmarks occur at the sternal angle?
- Boundary between superior and other mediastinum
- Passage of thoracic duct from right to left
- Tracheal bifurcation
- Azygous vein enters SVC
- Loop of left recurrent laryngeal nerve around aortic arch
- Aortic arch starts and ends
- Ligamentum arteriosum
Vertebral level of suprasternal notch
T2/3
Places to listen to the right lung during auscultation for each lobe
- Front, near clavicle (superior lobe)
- Side, under armpit (middle lobe)
- Mid-lower back (inferior lobe)
Places to listen to the left lung during auscultation for each lobe
- Front, near clavicle (superior lobe)
- Side, under armpit or mid-lower back (inferior lobe)
