Bony Structure of the Thorax

Question 1

What is the superior thoracic aperture formed by?

Answer 1

• T1 vertebra
• Rib 1
• Manubrium

Question 2

What passes through the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 2

• Trachea
• Oesophagus
• Major blood vessels and nerves

Question 3

What is the inferior thoracic aperture formed by?

Answer 3

• Xiphoid process
• Costal margin
• Floating ribs (11 + 12)
• T12 vertebra

Question 4

What passes through the inferior thoracic aperture?

Answer 4

• Oesophagus
• Descending aorta
• Ascending vena cava

Question 5

Which ribs are true/false/floating?

Answer 5

• T = 1-7
• Fa. = 8-10
• Fl. = 11-12

Question 6

What is the pump handle movement?

Answer 6

Whilst inspiring, sternum is lifted anteriorly and upwards

Question 7

What is the bucket handle movement?

Answer 7

Whilst inspiring, lateral shaft of ribs elevates

Question 8

What is coarctation?

Answer 8

Birth defect causing narrowing of the descending aorta below the branching of of intercostal arteries

Question 9

What becomes visible on Xray with coarctation and why?

Answer 9

• Notching
• Increased pressure in intercostal arteries increases their size, which increases size of intercostal groove

Question 10

Which part of the brain(stem) do cranial nerves I and II come from?

Answer 10

Brain

Question 11

Which part of the brain(stem) do cranial nerves III and IV come from?

Answer 11

Midbrain

Question 12

Which part of the brain(stem) do cranial nerves V-VIII come from?

Answer 12

Pons

Question 13

Which part of the brain(stem) do cranial nerves iX-XII come from?

Answer 13

Medulla