The Knee Region Bone And Joints Flashcards
Describe the bony features of the femur ( anterior distal)
Adductor tubercle, medial and lateral condyles, lateral buttress wall, patella surface
What are the bony features of the femur (posterior distal)
Linea aspera, medial and lateral supracondylar ridges, medial and lateral condyles and epicondyles, popliteal surface, adductor tubercle, intercondylar fossa
What are the bony features of the proximal tibia
Medial and lateral tibial condyles Tibial plateau Intercondylar eminence Tibial tuberosity Anterior tibial crest
What are the bony features of the proximal fibula
Head and neck of fibula, apex of fibula, interosseus membrane
What are the bony features of the patella (sesamoid bone)
Within the quadriceps tendon, triangular shaped, patella tendon, base superior, apex inferior, medial and lateral borders
What’s the classification of the knee joint
Synovial- largest joint in the body, 3 articulations, bicondylar modified hinge joint between femoral and tibial condyles, menisci attaching to tibial articular surfaces, 2 degrees of movement, patello femoral joint- synovial saddle joint between patella and femoral articular surfaces
What’s the function of the patella
Acts as a pulley, improves mechanic efficiency of the quadriceps muscles by increasing lever arm and angular torque
What’s the ‘Q’ angle
Defined as the angle between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon, measured as angle between line from ASIS to centre patella and line from centre patella to tibial tuberosity, represents angle of quadriceps force
What’s the normal ‘Q’ angle in men and women
13 degrees in men, 18 degrees in women
Describe the femoral articular surfaces
Convex antero- posteriorly and medio- laterally, lateral condyle shorter and wider, medial condyle projects more distally, lateral condyle projects more anteriorly, covered in articular hyaline cartilage
Describe the tibial articular surfaces
Concave centrally, deepened by semi lunar cartilage (menisci) medial condyle- long and thin projects further antero- posteriorly to accommodate the medial femoral condyle, covered in articular cartilage
What makes the patello-femoral joint stable (dependent on patella position)
Lateral femoral buttress wall, ration between VMO and VL, tightness of lateral retinaculum
What is the tibio- fibula joint
It’s a synovial plane joint, its articular surfaces are the head of the fibula, tibial lateral condyle and the capsule attached around joint margins, its ligaments are the anterior and posterior ligaments of the fibular head, its movements are small rotational movements
What are the menisci
The medial menisci is ‘c’ shaped and less mobile
The lateral menisci is ‘o’ shaped which isn’t attached to lateral capsule
2 horns anterior and posterior
Medial menisci is narrower and thinner, more easily damaged
Medial collateral ligament blends to medial meniscus
What are the medial meniscus attachments
Anterior horn- intercondylar area and ACL, transverse and coronary ligaments
Posterior horn- PCL and posterior horn of lateral meniscus, blends with capsule and medial collateral ligament
