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Functional Anatomy > The knee Joint > Flashcards

The knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial bicondylar hinge joint

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2
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

Femur, Tibia and Patella.
Condyles of femur with condyles of tibia
Posterior surface of patella with patellar surface of femoral condyles

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3
Q

Describe the capsule of the knee joint?

A

Thick ligamentous sheath mainly composed of tendinous expansions
Attached to articular margins of femoral condyle (except anterosuperiorly) and medial and lateral margins of tibial condyles.

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4
Q

What ligaments are involved in the knee joint?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament,

Ligamentous patellae, Medial/ Lateral collateral ligaments, anterior/posterior cruciate ligament

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5
Q

What are the intra-articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments,
Medial and lateral meniscus,
Transverse ligament,
Coronary Ligaments

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6
Q

How is stability provided in the knee joint?

A

Provided by collateral and cruciate ligaments. Most stable in full extension; muscles crossing the joint

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7
Q

What are the movements of the knee joint?

A

Flexion and extension

Medial and lateral rotation

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8
Q

Is the medial tibial condyle concave or concavoconvex?

A

Concave

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9
Q

Is the lateral tibial condyle concave or concavoconvex?

A

Concavoconvex

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10
Q

What does the intercondylar eminence act as?

A

Pivot

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11
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A

Increase congruency between the femur and the tibia,
Weight bearing,
Load sharing,
Shock absorption,
Cope with compressive pressure rather than tensile

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12
Q

Describe the medial menisci?

A

C-shaped, broad posteriorly, attached to tibial collateral ligament, joint capsule attachment

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13
Q

Describe the lateral menisci?

A

Circular, freely movable, attachment sire for popliteus

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14
Q

What is the order of structures anterior to posterior in the knee joint?

A 
Anterior horn of medial meniscus,
ACL,
Anterior horn of lateral meniscus,
Posterior horn of lateral meniscus, 
Posterior horn of medial mensicus,
PCL
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15
Q

What rolls before the lateral condyle?

A

Medial condyle

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16
Q

Where is the greatest contact area of the knee joint between?

A

The femur and tibia at full extension

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17
Q

What does the joint capsule fuse with anteriorly?

A

Quadriceps tendon, patella and ligamentum patellae

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18
Q

What does the joint capsule enclose posteriorly?

A

Intercondylar fossa of femur, open posterior to lateral condyle for popliteus muscle

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19
Q

What are the bursar of the knee joint?

A

Suprapatellar, Subcutaneous prepatellar, Subcutaneous infrapatellar and deep infrapatellar

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20
Q

What are the two collateral ligaments called?

A

Medial and Lateral

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21
Q

Describe the medial collateral ligament?

A

Tibial, strong and flat bands thickening of capsule, medial femoral epicondyle to medial condyle of tibia.

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22
Q

What does the deep fibres of the medial collateral ligament go to?

A

Medial meniscus

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23
Q

Describe the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Fibular, strong and cord like, separate from popliteus tendon and meniscus, lateral femoral epicondyle to lateral head of fibula, passes deep biceps femoris attachment site.

24
Q

What ligaments are taut in every position?

A

Intracapsular ligaments

25
Q

What does the intracapsular ligaments maintain contact between?

A

The tibia and femur

26
Q

What is the limit of degrees for the winding of the intracapsular ligaments?

A

10 degrees

27
Q

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to?

A

Anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral femur condyle

28
Q

What degrees does the anterior cruciate ligament spiral between the tibia and femur?

A

110 degrees

29
Q

What does the anteromedial band in the anterior cruciate ligament limit?

A

Flexion

30
Q

What does the posterolateral band in the anterior cruciate ligament limit?

A

Extension

31
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament limit?

A

Anterior displacement of tibia

32
Q

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach to?

A

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

33
Q

What does the anterolateral band in the posterior cruciate ligament limit?

A

Flexion

34
Q

What does the posteromedial band in the posterior cruciate ligament limit?

A

Extension

35
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament limit?

A

Posterior displacement of tibia

36
Q

Describe the oblique popliteal ligament?

A

Semimembranosus tendon expansion,

Reinforces posterior joint capsule

37
Q

Describe the arcuate ligament?

A

Thickening of joint capsule over popliteus,

Strengthes posterolateral joint capsule

38
Q

What muscles causes flexion at the knee joint?

A

Sartorius, Semimembranosus, Semitendiosus and Gracilis

39
Q

What muscles causes extension of the knee joint?

A

Quadriceps femoris

40
Q

What muscles causes medial rotation of the knee joint?

A

Sartorius, Gracilis, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus and Popliteus

41
Q

What muscles causes lateral rotation of the knee joint?

A

Biceps femoris

42
Q

What degrees does medial rotation allow?

A

30 degrees

43
Q

What degrees does lateral rotation allow?

A

45 degrees

44
Q

What muscles prevent dislocation of the knee?

A

Vastus medialis

45
Q

Where does the patella move to during flexion?

A

Intercondylar groove of the femur

46
Q

As flexion of the knee occurs, what increases?

A

Patellar contact

47
Q

What muscles acts as a medial rotator to unlock the knee joint?

A

Popliteus

48
Q

How does unlocking of the knee work?

A

Laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia

49
Q

Functions of the patella?

A

Wider distribution of compressive stress on the femur,
Increase the moment arm of the quadriceps muscles,
Bone prevents friction between tendon and underlying femur and tibia

50
Q

What has the patella got a thickening of?

A

Articular cartilage

51
Q

How do you unlock the knee joint?

A

Femur rotates laterally on the tibia

52
Q

When the knee is in full extension what movements can occur?

A

Flexion and extension

53
Q

When the tibia is in flexion, what movements can occur?

A

Medial and lateral rotation

54
Q

What is the role of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?

A

To prevent anterior and posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

55
Q

Role of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?

A

To stabilise the knee joint in full extension

56
Q

What is the menisci primary function?

A

Stabilise the knee joint

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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