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Functional Anatomy > Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Shoulder Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket

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2
Q

Where is the shoulder joint?

A

Between the rounded humeral head of the humerus and the shallow glenoid fossa

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3
Q

What movements can occur at the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion and extension.
Abduction and Adduction.
Medial and lateral rotation

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4
Q

What are the articular surfaces involved in the shoulder joint?

A

Humerus and glenoid fossa

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5
Q

Does the articular surfaces provide stability?

A

Provide little stability due to the arrangement

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6
Q

What covers the articular surfaces?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

Describe the articular surface do the glenoid fossa

A

Faces laterally, anteriorly and slightly superiorly.
Concavity is irregular
Fossa just over one-third of the humeral articular surface

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8
Q

What is the glenoid fossa deepened by?

A

Glenoid labrum

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9
Q

Describe the articular surface of the humerus?

A

Faces superiorly, medially and posteriorly, only one-thrip of the humeral head is in contact with the glenoid fossa

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10
Q

Describe the joint capsule?

A

Fibrous joint capsule, loose cylindrical sleeve, fibres mainly horizontally orientated

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11
Q

What does the joint capsule attach to?

A

Glenoid labrum

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12
Q

Does the joint capsule provide stability?

A

Little stability

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13
Q

Where does the capsule attach to?

A

The neck of the humerus at articular margin and extends inferiorly

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14
Q

Anteriorly the capsule is strengthened by?

A

Three ligaments

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15
Q

What attaches to the capsule superoposteriorly?

A

Coracohumeral ligament

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16
Q

What is important in joint integrity?

A

Rotator cuff muscles span over the capsule to provide reinforcement to blend near humeral attachment

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17
Q

What lines the inner surface of the capsule?

A

Synovial membrane

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18
Q

What are the intra-articular structures?

A

Glenoid labrum and long head of biceps brachii

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19
Q

Describe the glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the glenoid fossa and the outer surface gives attachment to the long head of biceps brachii tendon

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20
Q

What are the ligaments involved in the shoulder joint?

A

Superior glenohumeral, middle glenohumeral, inferior glenohumeral, transverse humeral.

Coracohumeral and Coracoacromial

21
Q

What is the primary limiter of inferior translation of adducted shoulder?

A

Superior glenohumeral ligament

22
Q

What resists anterior translation?

A

Middle glenohumeral

23
Q

What is the inferior glenohumeral divided into?

A

Anterior and posterior bands

24
Q

What does the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral limit?

A

Inferior translation and external rotation

25
Q

What does the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament limit?

A

Internal rotation

26
Q

During lateral rotation, what ligaments are taut?

A

Superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral

27
Q

During medial rotation what ligaments are lax?

A

Superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral

28
Q

What ligaments are taut during abduction?

A

Middle and inferior glenohumeral

29
Q

What muscles are involved in flexion?

A

Anterior deltoid fibres, coracobrachiallis and biceps brachii

30
Q

Degrees of flexion?

A

110-180

31
Q

Degrees of extension?

A

70-90

32
Q

What is extension limited by?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus contacting the coracoacromial arch

33
Q

What muscles are involved in extension?

A

Posterior deltoid fibres, theres major, latissimus dorsi

34
Q

Is it concentric contraction or eccentric contraction of muscle that produce flexion?

A

Eccentric

35
Q

What is abduction limited by?

A

Lateral rotator and posterior capsule tension

36
Q

What muscles are involved in adduction?

A

Eccentric contraction of serrates anterior, trapezius, deltoid and supraspinatus

37
Q

What muscle is involved in lateral rotation?

A

Infraspinatus, teres minor and posterior fibres of deltoid

38
Q

ROM of lateral rotation?

A

80 degrees

39
Q

ROM of medial rotation?

A

Less than 90 degrees

40
Q

What muscles are involved in medial rotation?

A

Subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid fibres

41
Q

Joint stability is sacrificed for?

A

Mobility

42
Q

What is the stabilising factor for this joint?

A

Muscle tone

43
Q

What do big muscles produce?

A

Movements

44
Q

What do little muscles produce

A

Stability

45
Q

What does the anterior capsule resist?

A

Anterior displacement between 70-90 degrees abduction

46
Q

What does the posterior capsule resist?

A

Posterior displancemtn between 50-90 degrees abduction

47
Q

What provides initial stability during 40-50 degrees of abduction?

A

Anterior capsule and rotator cuff muscles

48
Q

What loops around head of humerus to act as a sling?

A

Triceps brachii

49
Q

How does the rotator cuff muscles aid stability?

A

Rotator cuff muscle and deltoid contraction pulls the head of the humerus into the glenoid fossa

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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