Ankle Joint

Question 1

What type of joint in the ankle joint?

Answer 1

Synovial hinge joint

Question 2

What are the articular surfaces of the ankle joint?

Answer 2

Tibia, fibula and talus

Question 3

Describe the capsule?

Answer 3

Thin, loose fibrous capsule attaching to articular margins of tibia and fibula except for attachment to neck of talus anteriorly

Question 4

Describe the synovial membrane of the ankle joint?

Answer 4

Loose and lines the joint capsule

Question 5

What is the bursa of the ankle joint?

Answer 5

Retrocalcaneal bursa

Question 6

Where is the bursa of the ankle joint?

Answer 6

Between the calcaneus and achilles tendon

Question 7

What are the ligaments in the ankle joint?

Answer 7

Deltoid ligament (Medial collateral),
Lateral collateral ligaments: Anterior and posterior talofibular, Calcaneofibular and capsular anterior and posterior

Question 8

What is the blood supply of the ankle joint?

Answer 8

Malleolar branches of the anterior tibial, fibular and posterior tibial arteries which anastomose around the malleoli

Question 9

What is the venous drainage of the ankle joint?

Answer 9

Malleolar branches, the same as the arteries

Question 10

What is the nerve supply of the ankle joint?

Answer 10

From roots L4-S2 by articular branches from the tibial nerve and lateral branch of the deep fibular nerve

Question 11

What are the movements of the ankle joint?

Answer 11

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 12

What is the range of degrees in dorsiflexion?

Answer 12

30 degrees

Question 13

What muscles produces dorsiflexion?

Answer 13

Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum and peroneus tertius

Question 14

What muscles limit dorsiflexion?

Answer 14

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Question 15

What is the range of degrees in plantarflexion?

Answer 15

50 degrees

Question 16

What muscles produces plantar flexion?

Answer 16

Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus, Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

Question 17

Describe the stability of the ankle joint?

Answer 17

Provided by coaptation of articular surfaces, collateral ligaments and muscles

Question 18

What are two pathologies of the ankle joint?

Answer 18

Joint replacement and joint fusion

Question 19

Describe the articular surfaces

Answer 19

The distal ends of the tibia and fibula proximally and the body of the talus distally

Question 20

What are the weight bearing surfaces of the ankle joint?

Answer 20

Trochlear surfaces of the tibia and talus

Question 21

What are the stabilising surfaces of the ankle joint?

Answer 21

Medial and lateral malleoli, which grip the body of the talus

Question 22

Describe the tibial articular surface

Answer 22

The distal end of the tibia provides a continuous articular surface which receives the trochlear surface and medial edge of the body of the talus

Question 23

The trochlear surface is concave?

Answer 23

Anteroposteriorly

Question 24

The trochlear surface is slightly convex?

Answer 24

Transversely

Question 25

The medial surface of the lateral malleolus of the fibula forms?

Answer 25

The lateral surface of the mortise of the joint

Question 26

Where is a narrow cleft distal to the interosseous ligament?

Answer 26

Between the lateral malleolus and trochlear surface

Question 27

What forms the whole distal surface of the ankle joint?

Answer 27

Talus

Question 28

What are the articulations of the talus?

Answer 28

Articulates superiorly and medially with the tibia and laterally with the fibula

Question 29

Why is the joint capsule weak?

Answer 29

To accommodate for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Question 30

What strengthens the joint capsule?

Answer 30

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

Question 31

Where is the joint capsule attached posteriorly?

Answer 31

Posterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 32

The synovial membrane is reflexed anteriorly onto?

Answer 32

The neck of the talus before attaching to the articular margins

Question 33

Where does the synovial membrane extend to?

Answer 33

Upwards between the tibia and fibula

Question 34

What are the lateral ligaments?

Answer 34

Anterior and posterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments

Question 35

What ligament is stronger than lateral ligaments?

Answer 35

Deltoid Ligaments

Question 36

What ligament is between the two talofibular ligaments?

Answer 36

Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 37

The anterior ligament runs obliquely from?

Answer 37

Anterior margin of the lower end of tibia to the upper surface of the anterior part of the neck of the talus

Question 38

The posterior ligament has fibres arising from?

Answer 38

Tibia and fibula

Question 39

What ligaments control abduction of the talus?

Answer 39

TIbiocalcaneal and tibionavicular

Question 40

What ligament controls adduction of the talus?

Answer 40

Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 41

What ligaments control plantar flexion?

Answer 41

Anterior tibiotalar and anterior talofibular ligaments

Question 42

Dorsiflexion is resisted by what?

Answer 42

Posterior tibiotalar and posterior talofibular ligament

Question 43

What does stability depend on?

Answer 43

Gravity to keep the tibia pressed against the superior surface of the talus

Question 44

What is the roll of collateral ligaments?

Answer 44

To prevent any rolling movements of the talus

Question 45

What is the maximum range for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion?

Answer 45

90 degrees

Question 46

Dorsiflexion has a range of?

Answer 46

30 degrees

Question 47

Plantarflexion has a range of?

Answer 47

50 degrees