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Functional Anatomy > Ankle Joint > Flashcards

Ankle Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint in the ankle joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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2
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the ankle joint?

A

Tibia, fibula and talus

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3
Q

Describe the capsule?

A

Thin, loose fibrous capsule attaching to articular margins of tibia and fibula except for attachment to neck of talus anteriorly

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4
Q

Describe the synovial membrane of the ankle joint?

A

Loose and lines the joint capsule

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5
Q

What is the bursa of the ankle joint?

A

Retrocalcaneal bursa

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6
Q

Where is the bursa of the ankle joint?

A

Between the calcaneus and achilles tendon

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7
Q

What are the ligaments in the ankle joint?

A 
Deltoid ligament (Medial collateral),
Lateral collateral ligaments: Anterior and posterior talofibular, Calcaneofibular and capsular anterior and posterior
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8
Q

What is the blood supply of the ankle joint?

A

Malleolar branches of the anterior tibial, fibular and posterior tibial arteries which anastomose around the malleoli

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9
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ankle joint?

A

Malleolar branches, the same as the arteries

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply of the ankle joint?

A

From roots L4-S2 by articular branches from the tibial nerve and lateral branch of the deep fibular nerve

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11
Q

What are the movements of the ankle joint?

A

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

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12
Q

What is the range of degrees in dorsiflexion?

A

30 degrees

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13
Q

What muscles produces dorsiflexion?

A

Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum and peroneus tertius

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14
Q

What muscles limit dorsiflexion?

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

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15
Q

What is the range of degrees in plantarflexion?

A

50 degrees

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16
Q

What muscles produces plantar flexion?

A

Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus, Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

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17
Q

Describe the stability of the ankle joint?

A

Provided by coaptation of articular surfaces, collateral ligaments and muscles

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18
Q

What are two pathologies of the ankle joint?

A

Joint replacement and joint fusion

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19
Q

Describe the articular surfaces

A

The distal ends of the tibia and fibula proximally and the body of the talus distally

20
Q

What are the weight bearing surfaces of the ankle joint?

A

Trochlear surfaces of the tibia and talus

21
Q

What are the stabilising surfaces of the ankle joint?

A

Medial and lateral malleoli, which grip the body of the talus

22
Q

Describe the tibial articular surface

A

The distal end of the tibia provides a continuous articular surface which receives the trochlear surface and medial edge of the body of the talus

23
Q

The trochlear surface is concave?

A

Anteroposteriorly

24
Q

The trochlear surface is slightly convex?

A

Transversely

25
Q

The medial surface of the lateral malleolus of the fibula forms?

A

The lateral surface of the mortise of the joint

26
Q

Where is a narrow cleft distal to the interosseous ligament?

A

Between the lateral malleolus and trochlear surface

27
Q

What forms the whole distal surface of the ankle joint?

A

Talus

28
Q

What are the articulations of the talus?

A

Articulates superiorly and medially with the tibia and laterally with the fibula

29
Q

Why is the joint capsule weak?

A

To accommodate for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

30
Q

What strengthens the joint capsule?

A

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

31
Q

Where is the joint capsule attached posteriorly?

A

Posterior tibiofibular ligament

32
Q

The synovial membrane is reflexed anteriorly onto?

A

The neck of the talus before attaching to the articular margins

33
Q

Where does the synovial membrane extend to?

A

Upwards between the tibia and fibula

34
Q

What are the lateral ligaments?

A

Anterior and posterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments

35
Q

What ligament is stronger than lateral ligaments?

A

Deltoid Ligaments

36
Q

What ligament is between the two talofibular ligaments?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament

37
Q

The anterior ligament runs obliquely from?

A

Anterior margin of the lower end of tibia to the upper surface of the anterior part of the neck of the talus

38
Q

The posterior ligament has fibres arising from?

A

Tibia and fibula

39
Q

What ligaments control abduction of the talus?

A

TIbiocalcaneal and tibionavicular

40
Q

What ligament controls adduction of the talus?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament

41
Q

What ligaments control plantar flexion?

A

Anterior tibiotalar and anterior talofibular ligaments

42
Q

Dorsiflexion is resisted by what?

A

Posterior tibiotalar and posterior talofibular ligament

43
Q

What does stability depend on?

A

Gravity to keep the tibia pressed against the superior surface of the talus

44
Q

What is the roll of collateral ligaments?

A

To prevent any rolling movements of the talus

45
Q

What is the maximum range for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion?

A

90 degrees

46
Q

Dorsiflexion has a range of?

A

30 degrees

47
Q

Plantarflexion has a range of?

A

50 degrees

Functional Anatomy (13 decks)

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