Combined Movements of Lower Limb

Question 1

What are the phases involved in gait?

Answer 1

Toe off, Swing, Heel strike and Mid-stance

Question 2

What movements occur during the toe-off stage during gait?

Answer 2

Ankle plantar flexion, knee flexion and hip extension

Question 3

Muscles affecting ankle plantarflexion during gait?

Answer 3

Soleus, Gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior through concentric contraction, addition flexion by planters

Question 4

What muscle is required to propel foot off ground as the remaining weight is in the region of the hallux and 2nd toe?

Answer 4

Flexor hallucis longus

Question 5

What muscles affect knee flexion during gait?

Answer 5

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus through concentric contraction

Question 6

What muscles affect hip extension during gait?

Answer 6

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Question 7

What is the swing phase of gait?

Answer 7

The leg is required to propel forward in front of the centre of gravity generating momentum of forward movement

Question 8

What movements occur during the swing phase of gait?

Answer 8

Hip flexion and lateral rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion

Question 9

What muscles are involved in ankle dorsiflexion during swing phase of gait?

Answer 9

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus

Question 10

What is the role of ankle dorsiflexion in the swing phase during gait?

Answer 10

To prevent toes from hitting the ground

Question 11

What are the muscles involved in knee flexion in the swing phase of gait?

Answer 11

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Question 12

What muscles are involved in hip flexion in the swing phase during gait?

Answer 12

Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorial and pectineus

Question 13

What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the hip in swing phase during gait?

Answer 13

Priformis, obturator interns/externus, gemilli, quadratus femoris

Question 14

What is the role of hip lateral rotation in swing phase during gait?

Answer 14

Required to keep knee straight

Question 15

What happens once the foot passes directly under hip joint during gait?

Answer 15

The unsupported side of the pelvis moves forward due to momentum and pivoting around the opposite hip joint.

Question 16

What is the heel strike stage during gait?

Answer 16

Causes the weight/momentum form the swing phase to transfer though trabeculae within the talus/calcaneus

Question 17

What movements occur during heel strike of gait?

Answer 17

Hip flexion, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion

Question 18

What muscle is involved in knee extension during heel strike?

Answer 18

Quadriceps femoris

Question 19

What type of contraction of dorsiflexors fur togrvity cause the foot to fall flat onto the ground?

Answer 19

Eccentric

Question 20

What do intrinsic muscles of the foot maintain?

Answer 20

The arches of the foot for effective weight transmission

Question 21

What happens during the mid-stance phase during gait?

Answer 21

Weight of body on this single limb.
Medial rotation of hip to bring other leg forward
Hip abduction maintains pelvis at a level position

Question 22

When does hip flexion occur during the mid-stance phase of gait?

Answer 22

Until foot comes under the hip joint.

Question 23

What type of muscle control is used in hip flexion during mis-stance phase of gait?

Answer 23

Eccentric control of hamstrings to control momentum

Question 24

When does the hip extend during mid-stance phase of gait?

Answer 24

When the foot moves to behind the hip joint

Question 25

What other movement occurs during hip extension during mid-stance phase?

Answer 25

Knee flexion and ankle moves from dorsiflexion to plantrflexion passively die to shift in centre of gravity