Combined Movements of Lower Limb Flashcards
What are the phases involved in gait?
Toe off, Swing, Heel strike and Mid-stance
What movements occur during the toe-off stage during gait?
Ankle plantar flexion, knee flexion and hip extension
Muscles affecting ankle plantarflexion during gait?
Soleus, Gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior through concentric contraction, addition flexion by planters
What muscle is required to propel foot off ground as the remaining weight is in the region of the hallux and 2nd toe?
Flexor hallucis longus
What muscles affect knee flexion during gait?
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus through concentric contraction
What muscles affect hip extension during gait?
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus
What is the swing phase of gait?
The leg is required to propel forward in front of the centre of gravity generating momentum of forward movement
What movements occur during the swing phase of gait?
Hip flexion and lateral rotation, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion
What muscles are involved in ankle dorsiflexion during swing phase of gait?
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus
What is the role of ankle dorsiflexion in the swing phase during gait?
To prevent toes from hitting the ground
What are the muscles involved in knee flexion in the swing phase of gait?
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus
What muscles are involved in hip flexion in the swing phase during gait?
Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorial and pectineus
What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the hip in swing phase during gait?
Priformis, obturator interns/externus, gemilli, quadratus femoris
What is the role of hip lateral rotation in swing phase during gait?
Required to keep knee straight
What happens once the foot passes directly under hip joint during gait?
The unsupported side of the pelvis moves forward due to momentum and pivoting around the opposite hip joint.
What is the heel strike stage during gait?
Causes the weight/momentum form the swing phase to transfer though trabeculae within the talus/calcaneus
What movements occur during heel strike of gait?
Hip flexion, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion
What muscle is involved in knee extension during heel strike?
Quadriceps femoris
What type of contraction of dorsiflexors fur togrvity cause the foot to fall flat onto the ground?
Eccentric
What do intrinsic muscles of the foot maintain?
The arches of the foot for effective weight transmission
What happens during the mid-stance phase during gait?
Weight of body on this single limb.
Medial rotation of hip to bring other leg forward
Hip abduction maintains pelvis at a level position
When does hip flexion occur during the mid-stance phase of gait?
Until foot comes under the hip joint.
What type of muscle control is used in hip flexion during mis-stance phase of gait?
Eccentric control of hamstrings to control momentum
When does the hip extend during mid-stance phase of gait?
When the foot moves to behind the hip joint
What other movement occurs during hip extension during mid-stance phase?
Knee flexion and ankle moves from dorsiflexion to plantrflexion passively die to shift in centre of gravity
