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Functional Anatomy > The knee > Flashcards

The knee Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main joints

A
  • tibiofemoral (between femur and tibia)
  • patellofemoral (between patella and femur)
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2
Q

what are the functions of the knee joint

A
  • support body weight
  • transmit forces between femur and tibia
  • provide movement for locomotion and activities of daily living
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3
Q

where is the tibiofemoral joint located

A

between the femoral condyles and the tibial articular surfaces

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4
Q

what are femoral condyles

A
  • femoral condyles at distal end of femur
  • lateral condyles articular profile is longer
  • convex, cartilage covered
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5
Q

what are tibia condyles

A
  • prominences at proximal end
  • tibial articular surfaces is where the femoral condyles join
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6
Q

what is the difference between the medial articular surface and the lateral articular surface

A

the medial articular surface is larger and more oval compared to the lateral articular surface which is smaller and circular

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7
Q

what are menisci

A
  • semi lunar fibrocartilage discs
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8
Q

what is the function of menisci

A
  • congruence between articular surfaces
  • assist weight bearing across joint
  • shock absorbers
  • facilitate accessory movements
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9
Q

what are the major ligaments across the tibiofemoral joint

A
  • medial collateral ligament
  • lateral collateral ligament
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • posterior cruciate ligament
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9
Q

what is the medial collateral ligament (MCL)

A
  • broad flat band, 10cm long
  • extra capsular (outside joint capsule)
  • prevents valgus displacement (abduction of a joint which shouldn’t abduct)
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10
Q

what is the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

A
  • extra capsular (outside joint capsule)
  • a strong cord
  • prevents varus displacement (adduction of a joint which shouldn’t adduct)
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11
Q

what is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A
  • intra-capsular (inside joint capsule)
  • from anterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral femoral condyle
  • prevents anterior tibial displacement
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12
Q

what is the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A
  • intra-capsular (inside joint capsule)
  • posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial femoral condyle
  • prevents posterior tibial displacement
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13
Q

what is the patellofemoral joint

A
  • a synovial saddle joint
  • positioned between the articular surface of the patella and the patella surface of femur
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14
Q

what is the patella

A
  • largest sesamoid bone in the body
  • embedded in tendon of quadriceps
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15
Q

what is the function of the patella

A
  • an anatomic pulley
  • reduces friction between quadriceps tendon and femoral condyles
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16
Q

what is the positioning and shape of the articular surfaces on the patella

A
  • oval shaped, cartilage covered
  • vertical ridge separates medial and lateral areas
  • lateral area = larger
  • medial area = smaller
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17
Q

what are the movements of the patella

A
  • moves distally in flexion
  • moves proximally in extension
18
Q

what is a bursae (bursa singular)

A
  • fluid filled sacs
  • reduced friction
19
Q

what movements are possible at the knee joint

A
  • flexion/extension
  • medial and lateral rotation
20
Q

what are the knee flexors

A
  • lateral head of gastrocnemius
  • medial head of gastrocnemius
  • long head of biceps femoris
  • short head of biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • sartorius
  • gracilis
21
Q

where does the lateral head of the gastrocnemius originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the lateral condyle and lateral supracondylar line of femur
  • it inserts in the posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
22
Q

where does the medial head of the gastrocnemius originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the medial condyle and popliteal surface of femur
  • it inserts at the posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
23
Q

where does the long head of the biceps femoris originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the ischial tuberosity
  • it inserts at the head of the fibula
24
Q

where does the short head of the biceps femoris originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line
  • it inserts at the head of the fibula
25
Q

where does the semitendinosus originate and isnert

A
  • it originates in the ischial tuberosity
  • it inserts at the medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
26
Q

where does the semimembranosus originate and inert

A
  • it originates at the ischial tuberosity
  • it inserts at the medial condyle of tibia
27
Q

where does the sartorius originate and insert

A
  • it originates at the anterior superior iliac spine
  • it inserts at the medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
28
Q

where does the gracilis originate and insert

A
  • it originates at the body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
  • it inserts at the medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
29
Q

what are the knee extensors

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus lateralis
  • tensor fasciae latae
30
Q

where does the rectus femoris originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the anterior inferior iliac spine and supracetabular groove of ilium
  • it inserts at the tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patella ligament
31
Q

where does the vastus medialis originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the medial part of the intertrochanteric line and medial to the spiral line and linea aspera of the femur, extending inferiorly to the medial supracondylar line
  • it inserts at the tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament and medial border of patella
32
Q

where does the vastus intermedius originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
  • it inserts at the tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patella ligament
33
Q

where does the vastus lateralis originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
  • it inserts at the tibial tuberosity via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patella ligament; lateral border of patella
34
Q

where does the tensor fasciae latae originate and insert

A
  • it originates at the anterior superior iliac spine and anterior one third of outer lip of iliac crest
  • it inserts at the tubercle of iliotibial tract on the tibia, via iliotibial tract
35
Q

what are the medial rotators of the knee

A
  • popliteus
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • gracilis
  • sartorius
36
Q

where does the popliteus originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the groove for popliteus muscle
  • it inserts at the posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
37
Q

where does the semitendinosus originate and insert

A
  • it originates at the ischial tuberosity
  • it inserts at the medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
38
Q

where does the semimembranosus originate and insert

A
  • it originates in the ischial tuberosity
  • it inserts at the medial condyle of tibia
39
Q

where does the gracilis originate and insert

A
  • it originates at the body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
  • it inserts at the medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
40
Q

where does the sartorius originate and insert

A
  • it originates at the anterior superior iliac spine
  • it inserts at the medial aspect of proximal part of tibia
41
Q

what are the lateral rotators of the knee

A
  • long head of biceps femoris
  • short head of biceps femoris
42
Q

where does the long head of the biceps femoris originate and insert

A
  • it originates at the ischial tuberosity
  • it inserts at the head of fibula
43
Q

where does the short head of the biceps femoris originate and insert

A
  • it originates at the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line
  • it inserts at the head of fibula

Functional Anatomy (15 decks)

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