Skeleton: Structure and Function

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

• support
• protection
• movement
• production of blood cells
• storage of minerals
• endocrine regulation

Question 2

What makes up the axial skelton?

Answer 2

• main trunk
• spinal column
• sternum
• ribs

Question 3

what makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

• limbs
  
  • arms
  • legs
  • hips

Question 4

What is the makeup of the skull?

Answer 4

• cranium
• 22 bones
• 8 cranial bones / 14 facial bones

Question 5

what is the function of the cranium?

Answer 5

to protect brain but also to provide a framework for teeth and sensory structures

Question 6

what is the composition of the vertebral column?

Answer 6

• cervical (7)
• thoracic (12)
• lumbar (5)
• sacrum (5) (fused)
• coccyx (3-5) (fused)
• 4 curvatures:
  
  • cervical (lordosis)
  • thoracic (kyphosis)
  • lumbar (lordosis)
  • sacral (kyphosis)

Question 7

what is the structure of the vertebral column

Answer 7

protect the spinal cord and provide structural support

Question 8

what is the composition of the thoracic cage

Answer 8

• 12 pairs of ribs
  
  • ribs 1-7 (true) (joined directly to the sternum)
  • ribs 8-12 (false) (do not directly attach to the sternum)
  • ribs 11-12 (floating)
• sternum

Question 9

what is the composition of the shoulder girdle and arm?

Answer 9

• clavicle (collar bone)
• scapula
• humerous
• radius and ulna
• carpals

Question 10

what is the composition of the hand

Answer 10

• distal phalanges
• intermediate phalanges
• proximal phalanges
• metacarpals
• carpals
  
  • distal
    
    • hamate
    • trapezoid
    • trapezium
    • capitate
  • proximal
    
    • pisiform
    • triquetrum
    • lunate
    • scaphoid

Question 11

what is the composition of the pelvic girdle and legs

Answer 11

• two bones attached to sacrum to form pelvic ring
• femur
• tibia and fibula
• patella

Question 12

what is the composition of the feet

Answer 12

• tarsals
  
  • medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiform
  • cuboid
  • navicular
  • head/body talus
  • calcaneus
• metatarsals
• phalanges

Question 13

what are the five types of bone?

Answer 13

• flat bone
• long bone
• short bone
• irregular bone
• seasamoid bone

Question 14

what is a flat bone

Answer 14

• provides protection
• provide large areas for muscle attachment
• e.g. cranium, sternum

Question 15

what is a long bone

Answer 15

• support weight of body
• facilitate movement
• mostly in appendicular skeleton
• e.g. femur

Question 16

what is a short bone

Answer 16

• provide stability and some movement
• e.g. wrist and ankle joint

Question 17

what is an irregular bone

Answer 17

• vary in shape and structure
• e.g. pelvis, vertebrae

Question 18

what is a seasamoid bone

Answer 18

• embedded in tendons
• small/round
• protects the tendons from stress and wear
• e.g. patella