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Functional Anatomy > Pectoral Girdle > Flashcards

Pectoral Girdle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the pectoral girdle

A
  • stability
  • mobility
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2
Q

what joints make up the pectoral girdle

A
  • sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)
  • acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)
  • glenohumeral joint (GJ)
  • scapulothoracic articulation
  • subacromial articulation
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3
Q

what is the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)

A
  • functional classification: diarthrosis
  • structural classification: fibrocartilage, plane/gliding style joint
  • articular surfaces: saddle shaped clavicle, disc, manubrium
  • articular disc: increases congruence and shock absorber
  • ligaments: anterior and posterior sternoclavicular, interclavicular, costoclavicular
  • movements: 3 axes, gliding of disc between clavicle mainly
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4
Q

what is the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)

A
  • functional classification: diarthrosis
  • structural classification: synovial, plane/gliding style joint
  • articular surfaces: lateral end of clavicle and acromion of scapula
  • articular disc: increases congruence and shock absorber
  • ligaments: coracoclavicular ligament: conoid (medial) and trapezoid (lateral) ligament, acromioclavicular ligament
  • movements: axial rotation, anterior and posterior glide, superior and inferior glide
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5
Q

what is the glenohumeral joint

A
  • functional classification: diarthrosis
  • structural classification: synovial, ball and socket
  • articular surfaces: glenoid of scapula and head of humerus
  • movements: 3 axes, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, lateral/medial rotation
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6
Q

what movements are possible at the scapular

A
  • elevation
  • depression
  • protraction
  • retraction
  • upward rotation
  • downward rotation
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7
Q

what movements are possible at the glenohumeral joint

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • lateral rotation
  • medial rotation
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • circumduction
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8
Q

what are the muscles of the pectoral girdle

A
  • descending part of trapezius
  • transverse part of trapezius
  • ascending part of trapezius
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
  • subclavius
  • pectoralis minor
  • pectoralis major
  • serratus anterior
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9
Q

where does the descending part of the trapezius originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 vertebrae
  • insertion: posterior aspect of lateral one third of clavicle, acromion of scapula
  • action: elevates, retracts and upwardly rotates the pectoral girdle at the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints; extends and laterally flexes head and neck
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10
Q

where does the transverse part of the trapezius originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: spinous process of C7-T4 vertebrae
  • insertion: acromion of scapula, lateral end of spine of scapula
  • action: retracts the pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
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11
Q

where does the ascending part of the trapezius originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: spinous processes of T5-T12 vertebrae
  • insertion: medial end of spine of scapula
  • action: depresses, retracts and upwardly rotates the pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
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12
Q

where does the levator scapulae originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: transverse processes of C1-C2 vertebrae, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C4 vertebrae
  • insertion: superior angle of scapula, medial border of scapula superior to spine of scapula
  • action: elevates and downwardly rotates pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints; extends and laterally flexes neck at cervical vertebral joints
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13
Q

where does the rhomboid major originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
  • insertion: medial border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula
  • action: retracts and downwardly rotates pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
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14
Q

where does the rhomboid minor originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
  • insertion: medial border of scapula adjacent to spine of scapula
  • action: retracts and downwardly rotates pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
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15
Q

where does the subclavius originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: superior surface of costal end of first rib and adjacent first costal cartilage
  • insertion: inferior surface of the middle one third of clavicle
  • action: stablises clavicle
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16
Q

where does the pectoralis minor originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: anterior ends of third to fifth ribs
  • insertion: coracoid process of scapula
  • action: protracts and downwardly rotates pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
17
Q

where does the pectoralis major originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: clavicular head: anterior aspects of medial half of clavicle; sternocostal head: manubrium, sternal body, the true ribs and their costal cartilages; abdominal part: external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
  • insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus
  • action: adducts, medially rotates, and transversely adducts arm at glenohumeral joint; depresses pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint
18
Q

where does the serratus anterior originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: external surfaces of first to fifth ribs
  • insertion: medial border of scapula
  • action: protracts and upwardly rotates pectoral girdle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
19
Q

which muscles abduct at the glenohumeral joint

A
  • supraspinatus
  • middle deltoid
20
Q

where is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus and what is its action

A
  • origin: supraspinatus fossa of scapula
  • insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
  • action: abducts and stabilises arm at glenohumeral joint
21
Q

where is the origin and insertion of the middle deltoid and what is its action

A
  • origin: lateral one third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
  • insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
  • action: abducts, flexes, extends and medially and laterally rotates arm at glenohumeral joint
22
Q

which muscles adduct at the glenohumeral joint

A
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
  • coracobrachialis
  • pectoralis major
23
Q

where does the latissimus dorsi originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: spinous processes of T7-T12 vertebrae, spinous processes of L1-L5 vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia, ninth to twelfth ribs, iliac crest
  • insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • action: adducts, medially rotates and extends arm at glenohumeral joint
24
Q

where does teres major originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula
  • insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
  • action: adducts and medially rotates arm at glenohumeral joint
25
Q

where does coracobrachialis originate and insert and what is its action

A
  • origin: coracoid process of scapula
  • insertion: middle third of medial aspect of humerus
  • action: adducts and flexes arm at glenohumeral joint
26
Q

which muscles flex at the glenohumeral joint

A
  • anterior deltoid
  • pectoralis major
  • biceps brachii
  • coracobrachialis
27
Q

where does the anterior deltoid originate and insert

A
  • origin: lateral one third of clavicle
  • insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
28
Q

where does the biceps brachii originate and insert

A
  • origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and apex of coracoid process of scapula
  • insertion: radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia
29
Q

which muscles extend at the glenohumeral joint

A
  • posterior deltoid
  • latissimus dorsi
  • long head of triceps brachii
30
Q

where does the posterior deltoid originate and insert

A
  • origin: spine of scapula
  • insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
31
Q

where does the long head of triceps brachii originate and insert

A
  • origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • insertion: olecranon of ulna and adjacent antebrachial fascia
32
Q

what muscles medially rotate the glenohumeral joint

A
  • latissimus dorsi
  • teres major
  • subscapularis
  • pectoralis major
  • anterior deltoid
33
Q

where does subscapularis originate and insert

A
  • origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
  • insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
34
Q

what muscles laterally rotate at the glenohumeral joint

A
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • posterior deltoid
35
Q

where does the infraspinatus originate and insert

A
  • origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
36
Q

where does the teres minor originate and insert

A
  • origin: posterior aspect of superior half of lateral border of scapula
  • insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
37
Q

what is the rotator cuff and which muscles are in it

A
  • they work together to stabilise the glenohumeral joint by holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa of the scapula during its movements
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis

Functional Anatomy (15 decks)

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