Neck

Question 1

what are global movers

Answer 1

• involved in generation of torque and range of movement
• function: in a phasic manner i.e. on/off, and their movement is dependent on direction
• dysfunction: spasm, pain and restricted range of movement

Question 2

what are local stabilisers

Answer 2

• the deeper muscles that control segmental movements of the spine
• function: activity is tonic and low for long periods of time
• dysfunction: inhibition of function, delayed timing or recruitment deficiencies and loss of segmental control and posture

Question 3

which muscles are involved in neck flexion

Answer 3

• platysma
• sternocleidomastoid
• scalenus posterior
• scalenus medius
• scalenus anterior
• longus colli

Question 4

where does platysma originate and insert

Answer 4

• origin: pectoral fascia
• insertion: inferior border of mandible and adjacent muscles

Question 5

where does sternocleidomastoid originate and insert

Answer 5

• origin: sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum: clavicular head: medial one third of clavicle
• insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Question 6

where does scalenus posterior originate and insert

Answer 6

• origin: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6 vertebrae
• insertion: external surface of second rib

Question 7

where does scalenus medius originate and insert

Answer 7

• origin: transverse processes of C2-C7 vertebrae
• insertion: superior surface of first rib

Question 8

where does scalenus anterior originate and insert

Answer 8

• origin: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae
• insertion: scalene tubercle of first rib

Question 9

where does longus colli originate and insert

Answer 9

• origin: anterior aspects of C3-T3 vertebrae
• insertion: anterior aspects of C1-C6 vertebrae

Question 10

which muscles are involved in neck extension

Answer 10

• upper (descending) trapezius
• splenius colli
• splenius capitis
• levator scapulae
• semispinalis capitis
• semispinalis colli

Question 11

where does the upper trapezius originate and insert

Answer 11

• origin: external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 vertebra
• insertion: posterior aspect of lateral one third of clavicle, acromion of scapula

Question 12

where does splenius colli originate and insert

Answer 12

• origin: spinous processes of T3-T6 vertebrae
• insertion: transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae
• also helps with lateral flexion and rotation

Question 13

where does splenius capitis originate and insert

Answer 13

• origin: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae
• insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral one third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Question 14

where does levator scapulae originate and insert

Answer 14

• origin: transverse processes of C1-C2 vertebrae, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C4 vertebrae
• insertion: superior angle of scapula, medial border of scapula superior to spine of scapula
• also rotates scapula

Question 15

where does semispinalis capitis originate and insert

Answer 15

• origin: superior articular processes of C4-C7 vertebrae; transverse processes of T1-T6 vertebrae
• insertion: area located between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone

Question 16

where does semispinalis colli originate and insert

Answer 16

• origin: transverse processes of T1-T6 vertebrae
• insertion: spinous processes of C2-C5 vertebrae