The Kingdoms Of Life Flashcards
What are the two cell types?
Eukaryotic or prokaryotic
What is the kingdom of an organism classified based on?
Cell type, presence or absence of cell wall, body type (unicellular vs multicellular), nutrition (autotrophs vs heterotrophs)
What is an autotroph?
An organism that gets its food by making nutrients from inorganic materials.
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that gets its food by making nutrients from consuming other organisms
Up until 1977, what were considered to be the two basic forms of life?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Which scientist changed the way we classify the domains?
Carl Woese
How many domains do we classify life into now? What are they?
Three. Bacteria, Archae, and Eukarya.
What is the domain bacteria composed of?
The organisms in the kingdom Eubacteria.
Which domain has the oldest organisms?
Bacteria.
Which kingdoms is the domain archae composed of?
Just the kingdom Archaebacteria.
What are the two prokaryotic domains?
Bacteria and archae.
Which kingdoms are the domain eukarya composed of?
The Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, and Protista kingdoms.
What is the cell wall of the bacteria domain made of?
peptidoglycan
How do autotrophs in the domain bacteria make their food?
may break down materials like ammonia or methane to make their food or may perform photosynthesis, using energy from the sun, to make their food
When the autotrophs in the domain bacteria make their food with materials like ammonia or methane, what is the process called?
Chemosynthesis
How do heterotrophs in the domain bacteria make their food?
They are decomposers. They break down dead material and recycle them back into the environment.
Where do the archaea live?
live in extreme environments
What are methanogens?
Archaebacteria that live deep in the mud of swamps and cannot live if there is oxygen present
What are thermophiles?
Archaebacteria that live in very hot places
What are halophiles?
Archaebacteria that live in salty lakes
What are the characteristics of the domain eukarya’s cells?
Has cells with a nucleus and other internal organelles
How are protists classified?
Eukaryotes that aren’t fungi, plants, or animals.
Do all protists have cell membranes? Do they all have cell walls?
Yes, no.
What are some protist examples?
Algae, amoeba
What type of cell is the Archaea domain?
prokaryotes that broke away from bacteria
How do eukarya produce?
Sexually
Does Eukarya have multicellular or unicellular organisms?
Both
How are protists defined?
Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals.
Are fungi multicellular?
All fungi bar one group (yeast) is multicellular. Yeast is unicellular.
What do fungi’s cell walls contain?
Chitin
What do fungi bodies consist of?
Long strands of cells which are connected end to end and share cytoplasm.
What are the strands of cells that make up fungi bodies called?
Hyphae.
How do heterotrophic fungi obtain food?
By releasing digestive enzymes onto whatever they grow on. Can be parasites or saprophytes.
What are parasitic fungi?
Heterotrophic Fungi that live on living organisms and can cause disease.
What are saprophytic fungi?
Heterotrophic Fungi that live on dead organisms.
Are plants unicellular or multicellular?
Multicellular.
Are plants autotrophs or heterotrophs?
Autotrophs.
What is a tissue?
Group of cells that work together to perform a specific job.
What are plants?
Multicellular autotrophs with specialized cells and tissues, that contain chlorphyll, live on land, and cannot move from place to place.
What is chlorophylll?
Green pigment used in photosynthesis.
Animals: multicellular or unicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic?
Complex multicellular heterotrophs.
In animals, what are cells usually organized into?
Tissues.
Which kingdom do most show symmetry?
Animals.
Which kingdom is successful in many different habitats.
Animals.
How do animals reproduce?
Most sexually.
Are animals vertebrates?
Some are, but most are invertebrates.
What is a vertebrate?
Containing a backbone.
What is an invertebrate?
Lacking a backbone.
