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Biology > The Kingdoms Of Life > Flashcards

The Kingdoms Of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two cell types?

A

Eukaryotic or prokaryotic

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2
Q

What is the kingdom of an organism classified based on?

A

Cell type, presence or absence of cell wall, body type (unicellular vs multicellular), nutrition (autotrophs vs heterotrophs)

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3
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An organism that gets its food by making nutrients from inorganic materials.

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4
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

An organism that gets its food by making nutrients from consuming other organisms

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5
Q

Up until 1977, what were considered to be the two basic forms of life?

A

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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6
Q

Which scientist changed the way we classify the domains?

A

Carl Woese

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7
Q

How many domains do we classify life into now? What are they?

A

Three. Bacteria, Archae, and Eukarya.

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8
Q

What is the domain bacteria composed of?

A

The organisms in the kingdom Eubacteria.

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9
Q

Which domain has the oldest organisms?

A

Bacteria.

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10
Q

Which kingdoms is the domain archae composed of?

A

Just the kingdom Archaebacteria.

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11
Q

What are the two prokaryotic domains?

A

Bacteria and archae.

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12
Q

Which kingdoms are the domain eukarya composed of?

A

The Animalia, Fungi, Plantae, and Protista kingdoms.

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13
Q

What is the cell wall of the bacteria domain made of?

A

peptidoglycan

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14
Q

How do autotrophs in the domain bacteria make their food?

A

may break down materials like ammonia or methane to make their food or may perform photosynthesis, using energy from the sun, to make their food

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15
Q

When the autotrophs in the domain bacteria make their food with materials like ammonia or methane, what is the process called?

A

Chemosynthesis

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16
Q

How do heterotrophs in the domain bacteria make their food?

A

They are decomposers. They break down dead material and recycle them back into the environment.

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17
Q

Where do the archaea live?

A

live in extreme environments

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18
Q

What are methanogens?

A

Archaebacteria that live deep in the mud of swamps and cannot live if there is oxygen present

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19
Q

What are thermophiles?

A

Archaebacteria that live in very hot places

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20
Q

What are halophiles?

A

Archaebacteria that live in salty lakes

21
Q

What are the characteristics of the domain eukarya’s cells?

A

Has cells with a nucleus and other internal organelles

22
Q

How are protists classified?

A

Eukaryotes that aren’t fungi, plants, or animals.

23
Q

Do all protists have cell membranes? Do they all have cell walls?

A

Yes, no.

24
Q

What are some protist examples?

A

Algae, amoeba

25
Q

What type of cell is the Archaea domain?

A

prokaryotes that broke away from bacteria

26
Q

How do eukarya produce?

A

Sexually

27
Q

Does Eukarya have multicellular or unicellular organisms?

A

Both

28
Q

How are protists defined?

A

Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals.

29
Q

Are fungi multicellular?

A

All fungi bar one group (yeast) is multicellular. Yeast is unicellular.

30
Q

What do fungi’s cell walls contain?

A

Chitin

31
Q

What do fungi bodies consist of?

A

Long strands of cells which are connected end to end and share cytoplasm.

32
Q

What are the strands of cells that make up fungi bodies called?

A

Hyphae.

33
Q

How do heterotrophic fungi obtain food?

A

By releasing digestive enzymes onto whatever they grow on. Can be parasites or saprophytes.

34
Q

What are parasitic fungi?

A

Heterotrophic Fungi that live on living organisms and can cause disease.

35
Q

What are saprophytic fungi?

A

Heterotrophic Fungi that live on dead organisms.

36
Q

Are plants unicellular or multicellular?

A

Multicellular.

37
Q

Are plants autotrophs or heterotrophs?

A

Autotrophs.

38
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Group of cells that work together to perform a specific job.

39
Q

What are plants?

A

Multicellular autotrophs with specialized cells and tissues, that contain chlorphyll, live on land, and cannot move from place to place.

40
Q

What is chlorophylll?

A

Green pigment used in photosynthesis.

41
Q

Animals: multicellular or unicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic?

A

Complex multicellular heterotrophs.

42
Q

In animals, what are cells usually organized into?

A

Tissues.

43
Q

Which kingdom do most show symmetry?

A

Animals.

44
Q

Which kingdom is successful in many different habitats.

A

Animals.

45
Q

How do animals reproduce?

A

Most sexually.

46
Q

Are animals vertebrates?

A

Some are, but most are invertebrates.

47
Q

What is a vertebrate?

A

Containing a backbone.

48
Q

What is an invertebrate?

A

Lacking a backbone.

Biology (15 decks)

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