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Biology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Used for short term energy, found in breads, pasta, cereal, and grains.

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2
Q

Proteins

A

Controls cell activities, enzymes, and found in fish, eggs, and poultry.

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3
Q

Lipids

A

Stores long term energy, found in butter and oil.

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4
Q

Vitamins

A

Organic substances used in metabolic functioning, like vitamins A, B and C.

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5
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic substances that help make body structures, like calcium, phosphorus, and iron.

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6
Q

Water

A

Transports substances, makes up 2/3 of body.

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7
Q

When is energy released?

A

Carbs, proteins, fats are broken down.

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8
Q

How is the energy found in food determined?

A

By burning a sample of the food and measuring the amount of heat given off.

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9
Q

Calorie

A

Unit used in measuring energy content of food.

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10
Q

Calorimeter

A

Instrument used to measure energy content of food sample

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11
Q

Kilocalorie

A

Thousand calories

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12
Q

Calorie definition

A

Amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree C

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13
Q

How many KCal does a gram of carbohydrates and a gram of protein give off?

A

4

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14
Q

How many KCal does one gram of fat give off?

A

9

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15
Q

Nutrients

A

Necessary for growth, energy, repair, and maintenance

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16
Q

Autotroph

A

Make their own food

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17
Q

How do plants eat?

A

They are autotrophic thru the process of photosynthesis

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18
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Light

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19
Q

How does photosynthesis work?

A

It uses energy from the sun to convert water and CO2 into sugar and oxygen

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20
Q

How do plants capture light energy?

A

Chlorophyll

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21
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Main pigment in plant

22
Q

Pigment

A

A substance that absorbs specific wavelengths of light, or colors, and reflects other colors

23
Q

What colors does chlorophyll absorb?

A

It absorbs light well in the red and blue but not in the green region, which is why plants are green

24
Q

Chloroplast

A

Organlle contained in the leaves and green stems of plants in which photosynthesis occurs

25
Q

Where is chlorophyll found?

A

Chloroplast

26
Q

Thylakoids

A

Saclike membranes in chloroplast

27
Q

How are thylakoids arranged?

A

In stacks called grana

28
Q

Stroma

A

Watery area outside of the thylakoids

29
Q

Two stages of photosynthesis

A

Light dependent reactions and light independent reaction

30
Q

Light dependent reactions

A

Light + H2O–>O2+ NADPH + ATP

31
Q

Purpose of light dependent reactions

A

Capture energy from light and form molecules to hold the energy

32
Q

Where does light dependent reactions take place?

A

Takes place within the thylakoids

33
Q

What absorbs the light in the light dependent reactions?

A

Chlorophyll

34
Q

What happens to the energy from the light in light dependent reactions?

A

It is transferred to electrons, which are transferred to energy storage molecules-NADPH and ATP

35
Q

NADPH

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

36
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphospate

37
Q

In the light dependent reactions, what is the oxygen?

A

Released as a waste product

38
Q

What happens to the water in the light dependent reactions?

A

It is broken down and the electrons replace the electrons from chlorophyll that got energized.

39
Q

Light independent reaction

A

CO2+ATP+NADPH—>glucose

40
Q

Another name for Light independent reaction

A

Calvin cycle/carbon fixation

41
Q

In Light independent reaction, what are ATP and NADPH used to build? Why?

A

High energy compounds like glucose that can be stored for a long time bc they are not stable to store energy

42
Q

Where does the Light independent reaction take place?

A

The stroma of chloroplasts

43
Q

What happens in the Light independent reaction to the energy storing molecules?

A

ATP and NADPH are broken down, and the energy from those molecules is used to build a glucose molecule.

44
Q

What happens to the glucose of the light independent reaction?

A

Used immediately as an energy source thru digestion or built up to form starch-long term storage.

45
Q

Digestion

A

Changing food into a usable form by breaking bonds

46
Q

Absorption

A

Nutrient molecules pass through cell membrane in order to be used by the cells of an organism

47
Q

Intracellular

A

Takes place in the cell

48
Q

Herbivores

A

Animals that eat only plants like cows or rabbits

49
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that eat meat, like a wolf

50
Q

What happens in the light independent reaction to CO2?

A

CO2 is taken in from the air and combined w other carbon compounds already found in the stroma.

Biology (15 decks)

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