Test 1 Flashcards
What is nutrition?
Activities by which an organism takes materials from its environment and uses it for growth and repair
What is respiration?
A further breakdown of nutrients that gives off chemical energy
An organism needs energy to:
Grow, develop, or repair.
What is transport?
The process by which usable materials are taken by the organism and distributed throughout the organism.
What is biology? (Include roots)
Bio-life
Ology- study of
Biology-study of life
Why is the circulatory system necessary?
Required by larger organisms to transport materials.
What is excretion? (give example)
Removing harmful substances from the body (examples: breathing out CO2, releasing urine)
What is synthesis?
The process by which smaller, simpler substances are combined chemically to form huger, more complex substances. Chemical bonds, such as shared electrons, hold them together. Example: our cells build proteins for our use, such as melanin (pigment found in our skin)
What is regulation?
Organisms detect and respond to stimuli (stimulation) from their environment (ex: sweating)
What is the difference between growth and development?
Growth-increase in number and size in cells
Develop-Cells begin to look different from one another and perform different functions
What is a unicellular organism?
An organism with only one cell
What is reproduction? (All, asexual and sexual)
Organisms create new, similar organisms.
In asexual reproduction, the new organism has ONE parent.
In sexual reproduction, two cells from different parents unite to form an organism.
What is a multicellular organism?
An organism with more than one cell.
What is a stimulus?
Signals to which an organism responds, such as light, sound, and touch.
What is metabolism?
ALL (not just digestion) the chemical reactions by which an organism breaks down or builds material needed for its life.
What is homeostasis?
A stable internal balance that all organisms maintain.
The Scientific Method
Series of steps used to solve problem
- Recognizing the problem
- Researching the problem
- Forming a hypothesis
- Set up a controlled experiment
- Drawing conclusions
What is a hypothesis?
A prediction that is testable
Example of hypothesis
If saltwater is used to water the plant, the plants growth will be negatively affected.
Testing a hypothesis
Using a series of steps with controlled conditions called an experiment
What is the independent variable?
The only factor that can change when you set up an experiment
What is the dependent variable?
A change that occurs during the experiment bc of the independent variable
What is the control group?
Group without change, serves as basis of comparison
What is a theory?
Well tested explanation that unifies a large range of observations and hypotheses allowing scientists to make predictions about new situations
What is data?
Information
What is scientific law?
Statement that describes some aspect of a phenomenon that is always true. Doesn’t explain how or why.
Light microscope
Uses light to produce enlarged view of object
Magnification
Ratio of size of image seen under microscope to size of actual object
Lens in microscope
Curved pieces of glass. Cause light rays to bend in a way that produces enlarged image.
What is a magnifying glass?
A simple microscope consisting of a single lens.
Compound light microscope
Two sets of lenses to further magnify object.
Ocular
Lens in eyepiece attached to body tube-magnifies 10x
Objective lens
Further magnifies
Scanning power
An objective lens. 4x
Low power
An objective lens. 10x
High power
Objective lens. 40x.
Total magnification with ocular and objective lens
Multiply ocular (10x) by objective lens.
Focusing system
Coarse adjustment knob-controls height of stage
Fine adjustment knob-brings out details
Stage and stage clips
Stage-above light and diaphragm, where specimen is placed
Stage clips-clips on stage to keep the slide in place
Illuminator
Light or mirror
Diaphragm
Regulates amount of light passing through to stage.
Low powers characteristics
10x Lower magnification Larger field of vision Less detail Brighter field of vision Coarse and fine adjustment
High power characteristics
40x Greater magnification Smaller field of vision Greater detail Darker field of vision Fine adjustment only
Resolution
Resolving power
Ability of a microscope to distinguish between two points close together. This allows us to see the sharpness of an image.
As magnification increased, resolution also must be increased to make out more detail
Stereomicroscope
Used in studying external surface of structures. Has eyepiece lens for both eyes and low magnifying power. Provides a more 3D image. Used for viewing larger, thicker objects.
Electron microscope
Uses a beam of electrons instead of light. Can magnify an image up to 200,000x. Used to study very small structures inside of cells or on cell surfaces. Cannot be used on living objects. Two kinds.
What are the kinds of electron microscope
Transmission electron microscope-electron beams directed at thin slices of the object stained with metal, reveals internal structure of object in fine detail.
Scanning electron microscope- electron beam passes over the surface of the object coated with a thin layer of metal. Shows 3D images of surfaces of specimens.
What system is used in measurements?
The International system of units (SI system)
Length
Distance from one point to another
Unit-meters
Tool used-ruler\meter stick.
Mass
How much matter is in the object
Unit is grams
Tool used balance
Volume
Amount of space or substance occupied
Unit is liter
Tool used graduated cylinder or beaker
Time
How long something takes
Unit is seconds, min, hour, years
Tool used stopwatch
Temperature
How hot/cold an object is
Unit is Celsius or Kelvin
Tool used thermometer
Mega
A million
Kilo
A thousand
Deci
A tenth
Centi
A hundredth
Milli
A thousandths
Micro
Millionth
