The Kidney Flashcards
What is osmoregulation?
When the body has to constantly balance the water coming in against the water going out
Water is taken into the body as food and water … What are the 3 main ways it is lost?
Sweating, breathing, weeing
One way we can balance our water content and what we get rid of , is by what?
Adjusting the amount of water that is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
Water is a by product of what?
Respiration
ADH
Anti diabetic hormone
The amount of water re absorbed in the kidney nephrons is controlled by a …. Hormone?
ADH - makes nephrons more permeable.
Osmoregulation is controlled by a mechanism called…?
Negative feedback.
Which part of the brain releases ADH?
Pituitary gland
Where are hormones released and carried?
Released: blood
Carried: blood plasma
What do hormones do?
Control things in organs and cells that need constant adjusting.
Where are hormones produced?
Various GLANDS.
ADH: -source
- role - effects
- pituitary gland (source)
- controls water content (role)
- increases the permeability of the kidney tubules to water (effects)
Adrenaline: (source, role, effects)
- adrenal glands (source)
- readies the body for a ‘fight or flight’ (role)
- increases heart rate, blood flow to muscles and blood sugar level. (Effects)
Insulin
Source- pancreas
Role- helps control the blood sugar level
Effects- stimulates the liver to turn glucose into glycogen for storage
Testosterone
- source testes
- role- main male sex hormone
- effects- promotes male secondary sexual characteristics e.g. Facial hair.
Progesterone
- source- ovaries
- role- supports pregnancy
- effects- maintains the lining of the uterus
Oestrogen
- source- ovaries
- role- main female sex hormone
- effects/ controls the menstrual cycle and promotes female secondary sexual characteristic e.g. Widening of the hips.
3 things about nerves
- ) very fast messages
- ) act for a very short time
- ) act on a very precise area
3 things about hormones
- ) slower message
- ) act for a long time
- ) act in a more general way
Homeostasis involves balancing body functions to maintain a ….?
“Constant internal enviroment”
Homeostasis involves balancing which two things?
- inputs
- outputs
Give two examples of balancing products…?
Water and body temp
In which 3 ways is water lost from the body?
- ) through the SKIN as SWEAT
- ) via the LUNGS in BREATH
- ) via the KIDNEY as URINE
When you exercise on a hot day: How much... -sweat -urine -water loss
- sweat a lot
- more concentrated urine
- lose more urine