The Kidney

Question 0

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 0

When the body has to constantly balance the water coming in against the water going out

Question 1

Water is taken into the body as food and water … What are the 3 main ways it is lost?

Answer 1

Sweating, breathing, weeing

Question 2

One way we can balance our water content and what we get rid of , is by what?

Answer 2

Adjusting the amount of water that is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.

Question 3

Water is a by product of what?

Answer 3

Respiration

Question 4

ADH

Answer 4

Anti diabetic hormone

Question 5

The amount of water re absorbed in the kidney nephrons is controlled by a …. Hormone?

Answer 5

ADH - makes nephrons more permeable.

Question 6

Osmoregulation is controlled by a mechanism called…?

Answer 6

Negative feedback.

Question 7

Which part of the brain releases ADH?

Answer 7

Pituitary gland

Question 8

Where are hormones released and carried?

Answer 8

Released: blood
Carried: blood plasma

Question 9

What do hormones do?

Answer 9

Control things in organs and cells that need constant adjusting.

Question 10

Where are hormones produced?

Answer 10

Various GLANDS.

Question 11

ADH: -source

     - role
     - effects

Answer 11

• pituitary gland (source)
• controls water content (role)
• increases the permeability of the kidney tubules to water (effects)

Question 12

Adrenaline: (source, role, effects)

Answer 12

• adrenal glands (source)
• readies the body for a ‘fight or flight’ (role)
• increases heart rate, blood flow to muscles and blood sugar level. (Effects)

Question 13

Insulin

Answer 13

Source- pancreas
Role- helps control the blood sugar level
Effects- stimulates the liver to turn glucose into glycogen for storage

Question 14

Testosterone

Answer 14

• source testes
• role- main male sex hormone
• effects- promotes male secondary sexual characteristics e.g. Facial hair.

Question 15

Progesterone

Answer 15

• source- ovaries
• role- supports pregnancy
• effects- maintains the lining of the uterus

Question 16

Oestrogen

Answer 16

• source- ovaries
• role- main female sex hormone
• effects/ controls the menstrual cycle and promotes female secondary sexual characteristic e.g. Widening of the hips.

Question 17

3 things about nerves

Answer 17

1. ) very fast messages
2. ) act for a very short time
3. ) act on a very precise area

Question 18

3 things about hormones

Answer 18

1. ) slower message
2. ) act for a long time
3. ) act in a more general way

Question 19

Homeostasis involves balancing body functions to maintain a ….?

Answer 19

“Constant internal enviroment”

Question 20

Homeostasis involves balancing which two things?

Answer 20

• inputs

- outputs

Question 21

Give two examples of balancing products…?

Answer 21

Water and body temp

Question 22

In which 3 ways is water lost from the body?

Answer 22

1. ) through the SKIN as SWEAT
2. ) via the LUNGS in BREATH
3. ) via the KIDNEY as URINE

Question 23

When you exercise on a hot day:
How much...
-sweat
-urine
-water loss

Answer 23

• sweat a lot
• more concentrated urine
• lose more urine

Question 24

On a cold day…

• sweat
• urine level

Answer 24

• don’t sweat much

- more urine pale

Question 25

The enzymes in the human body work best at what temperature?

Answer 25

37 degrees

Question 26

Where does the brain receive temperature messages from?

Answer 26

-receptors in the skin