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Biology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

-using pollinations

•wind pollination

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1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

-also cloning
-runners grow roots out sideways
E.g. Strawberry plants/potatoes

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2
Q

Fertilisation in Gametes

3 part answer

A
  1. ) pollen grain lands on stigma
  2. ) pollen tube grows out of pollen grain, down style-ovary
  3. ) fertilised female gamete forms seed which grows into fruit
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3
Q

Germination conditions

A
  • water: activate enzymes (brake down food reserves in the seed).
  • Oxygen: respiration (energy for growth.
  • Temperature: good temp for enzymes in the seed to work
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4
Q

Male part of flower

A

Stamen

  • anther
  • filament
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5
Q

Female part of flower

A

Carpel

  • stigma
  • style
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6
Q

The male gamete

A
  • made in anther

- found in pollen grain

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7
Q

The female gamete

A

Found in carple/ovary

Called ovule

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8
Q

Petals

A

Large to attract insects for pollination

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9
Q

Anther

What does it do

A

Makes pollen

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10
Q

Filament

A

Filament holds up the anther

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11
Q

Stigma

A

Exposed so that wind can easily blow pollen away

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12
Q

Style

What goes down it

A

Pollen nucleus goes down the style in the pollen tube

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13
Q

Ovary

A

Holds the ovules

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14
Q

Ovules (where the ……will be fertilised)

A

The female eggs which will be fertilised

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15
Q

Nectary

A

Taken by insects to fertilise a plant

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16
Q

Sepals

A

Protect the bud whilst development

17
Q

Stamen

A

Enclosed within flower so that insects must make contact

18
Q

Carpel

Female/or male

A

Female; stigma, style, ovary.

19
Q

3 insect pollinated flowers

A

-Lilly

20
Q

Wind pollinated flower

A

Grass flowers

21
Q

Pollination

A

When pollen from an anther lands on the female stigma

22
Q

Self pollination

A

Pollen from an anther lands on a flower from the same plant which is genetically identical

23
Q

What stimulates the pollen tube to grow?

A

Plant hormones + chemicals on the surface of the stigma

24
Q

Why do pollen grains only produce tubes in flowers of their own species?

A

Because the pollen is a very specific shape and is not compatible with different flowers.

25
Q

When does fertilisation occur?

A

The process occurs after pollination.

26
Q

What type of DIVISION occurs to produce an embryo plant from the diploid zygote formed after fertilisation?

A

Mitosis

27
Q

What part of the flower develops into a seed?

A

Ovule

28
Q

Why do seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant?

A

So they don’t have to compete for sunlight and water and nutrients.

29
Q

What are the four mechanisms for seed dispersal?

A

Wind, water, animal and fruit.

30
Q

When do women begin their menstrual cycle?

A

When they reach puberty.

31
Q

What are the 4 hormones involved with the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
  • FSH
  • LH
32
Q

FSH

A

(Follicle stimulating hormone)

Releases egg

33
Q

LH

A

Leutinising hormone

-makes egg burst

34
Q

Where is oestrogen and progesterone produced?

A

Ovary

35
Q

What happens on day one if the menstrual cycle

A

Period begins

36
Q

What does oestrogen in women cause?

A
  1. ) extra hair on underarms and public area
  2. ) hips to widen
  3. ) development of breasts
  4. ) ovum release and start of periods
37
Q

What does the testosterone in men cause?

A
  1. ) extra hair on face and body
  2. ) muscles to develop
  3. ) penis and testicles enlarge
  4. ) sperm production
  5. ) deepening of voice
38
Q

What is made in the testis?

A

Sperm

39
Q

Where is the scrotum and what does it contain?

A

Behind the penis and contains festes

40
Q

What is the sperm duct and what does it carry Sperm towards?

A

Muscular tube that carries sperm from the testes towards the urethra.

41
Q

What do the glands produce?

A

Liquid that’s added to sperm to make semen

Biology (21 decks)

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