Genetic Engineering

Question 0

What do restriction enzymes do?

Answer 0

Recognise specific sequences of DNA and cut the DNA at these points.

Question 1

What can enzymes be used for?

Answer 1

To cut up DNA or join DNA pieces together

Question 2

What are ligase enzymes used for?

Answer 2

To join two pieces of DNA together.

Question 3

What is recombinant DNA?

Answer 3

Two different bits of DNA stuck together.

Question 4

What are vectors used for?

Answer 4

To insert DNA into other organisms.

Question 5

What are plasmids?

Answer 5

Small, circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria.

Question 6

What are the viruses used for?

Answer 6

Viruses insert DNA into the Microorganisms they infect.

Question 7

How does genetic engineering work? Step 1: the DNA you want to insert is cut out with…… The vector DNA is cut open using….. .

Answer 7

Cut out with a restriction enzyme.

Vector DNS is cut out using the same restriction enzyme.

Question 8

How does genetic engineering work? Step 2: the …… And the DNA your inserting are ……… With ……… .

Answer 8

The DNA you’re inserting are mixed together with ligase enzymes.

Question 9

How does genetic engineering work? Step 3: the ligases …… The two …… together to produce ……….. .

Answer 9

The ligases join the two pieces of DNA together to produce recombinant DNA.

Question 10

How does genetic engineering work? Step 4: the …….. Is inserted into ……. e.g. Bacteria.

Answer 10

The recombinant DNA is inserted into other cells.

Question 11

How does genetic engineering work? Step 5: these cells can now use the ……… To make the …… you want. (e.g. Bacteria containing the gene for human insulin can be grown in huge numbers in a fermenter to produce insulin for people with diabetes.)

Answer 11

These cells can now use the gene you inserted to make the protein you want.

Question 12

Genetically modified plants can improve good production
Step 1: crops can be …….. To increase ……. In lots of different ways - one is to make them resistant to ….., another is to make them resistant to …… .

Answer 12

Crops can be genetically modified to increase food production in lots of different ways - one is to make them resistant to herbicides.

Question 13

Genetically modified plants can improve good production
Step 2: making crops ……. Means farmers don’t have to ………….. so ……. that doesn’t eat the crop …….. . Also increases crop yield.

Answer 13

Making crops insect resistant means farmers don’t have to spray on as many pesticides so wildlife that doesn’t eat the crop isn’t harmed. It also increases crop yield.

Question 14

Genetically modified plants can improve good production
Step 3: making crops ………. means farmers can spray their crops to ……….., without …………… itself. This also increases …………. .

Answer 14

making crops herbicide-resistant means farmers can spray their crops to kill weeds, without affecting itself. This also increases crop yield.

Question 15

Genetically modified plants can improve good production
Step 4: there are …….. About growing genetically modified crops though. One is that ……… may get out into the …… .

Answer 15

there are concerns about growing genetically modified crops though. One is that transplanted genes may get out into the environment.

Question 16

Genetically modified plants can improve good production
Step 5: some people are against genetic engineering altogether - they ….. That changing the …….. …… might create unforeseen …… - which could then get passed onto ……… …….. .

Answer 16

some people are against genetic engineering altogether - they worry That changing the organisms genes might create unforeseen problems - which could then get passed onto future generations.