The Islands Flashcards
1
Q
Which are the two sets of Spanish Islands - and their seas
A
Balearic islands - Mediterranean
Canary Islands - Atlantic
2
Q
Wines from the islands are widely exported. T or F
A
False
3
Q
What did the Greeks call the Balearic islands
A
Greeks (Lycrophon) named them the 2 main islands ‘Naked Islands’ and the minor ones ‘Pine Islands’
4
Q
Who first brought vines to the B Is
A
Phoenicians
5
Q
How were the BIs named
A
Roman General who conquered Mallorca given the name Balearicus
Pliny mentioned as good wine
6
Q
Who ruled BIs between 5-8c
A
Vandals, Byzantines, Moors
7
Q
What happened when the Swedes arrived in 9c
A
Set up a pirate base - which was then levelled by Emirate of Cordoba. Set up Independent Taifa of Mallorca
8
Q
When did the Moor rule end
A
1229 King James of Aragon. Then passed between Cataluna and Arargon
9
Q
Population of which island was wiped out in 14c
A
Formentora - bubonic plague
400 years before
10
Q
Which treaty in 1713 gave control of Menorca and Gibraltar to Britain
A
Treaty of Utrecht
11
Q
What was planted in BI after phylloxera
A
Almond trees
12
Q
How did the BI stand in the Civil War
A
Divided
13
Q
Why is there a via Roma in Mallorca
A
Italian Fascist troops established air base during the civil war
14
Q
What happened in 1983 to BI
A
Autonomous region
15
Q
What is the location of BI
A
Western med, 300 km off Spain
16
Q
What is the name for the small western group of BI inc Ibiza and Formentera
A
Pityusas
17
Q
Climate
A
Med… western islands warmer
18
Q
Rainfall of BIs
A
Some of lowest in Spain 650mm (higher in Mtns). Can have violent downpours
19
Q
What is the Tramontana
A
Cold dry wind in Mallorca and Minorca from southern france
20
Q
What is the Embat
A
Soft humid sea breeze in Mallorca. Noon until sunset. Gives saline notes
21
Q
Which mountain range is the BI an extension of
A
Sistema Betico
22
Q
What is the mountain range of Mallorca
A
Tramuntana Mountains
23
Q
What is the highest peak in the BI
A
Puig Major 1445m
24
Q
The islands have an abundance of rivers T or F
A
False - only one small on Ibiza 17km Santa Eulalia. Mostly water from freshwater lakes
25
What is the main soil of BIs
Clay on limestone
Mallorca - limestone
Menorca - marl on limestone
Ibiza - clay/loam
Formentera - limestone
26
What is call vermell
Unique soil in DO PLa i Llevant
Mallorca
Reddish clay
27
What are the main red grapes of BI
Mallorca:
Manto Negro, Callet and Fogoneu
Menorca: Merlot and Cab
Ibiza/Form- Monastrell
28
What are the main white grapes of BI
Mallorca - Presnal Blanc = Moll, Malvasia, Chardonnay
Other islands mostly red only
29
VTS of BI
En vaso - but switching over to espadera (trellis) for mechanisation
30
What are the characteristics of DO Binissalem
1990
Tinto 64%, Rosado 18%, Blanco 16%, Espumoso 2%
Mallorca
Med 550mm Low!
140m
White- Presnel Blanc=Moll
Red - Manto Negro 75% planting
Thrived until phylloxera, investment and tourism
Sheilded by Mtns from Tramontana wind
Tinto >30% Manto Negro, <30% Gorgollassa - aged
Pale with berry notes
Blanco and Espumosos >50% Presnel Blanc
31
What are the characteristics of DO Pla y Llevant
1999
Tinto 43%, Blanco 39%, Rosado 18%
Mallorca - east coast plain
Limestone
CALL VERMELL red clay top soil
Med 450m V low!
100m
439ha
White- Presnel Blanc=Moll
Red - Callet, Cab Sauv, Merlot
EMBAT breezes
Mostly international planted - just a few more red
Mostly blends
32
Who first lived in Canaries
Indigenous Guanches - then possibly Greeks? or Phonecians?
33
When was the first conquest of CIs
15c King Henry III of Castille
34
Which Treaty granted Castille control of CIs in 1479
Treaty of Alcacovas
Portugal control of Madeira, Cape Verde and Azores
Fully Spanish from 1495
35
Name the 7 islands that make up the CIs
Santa Cruz da Tenerife=
La Palma
La Gomera
El Hierro
Tenerife
Las Palmas =
Gran Canaria
Fuerteventura
Lanzarote
36
What was Canary Wine or Malmsey
15/16c Wine from Canaries
From Malvasia
Known as Malmsey
Made in Madeira also
Sweet, white, unfortified
Popular in UK, France, Netherlands
Shakespeare mentions - Duke in Richard III
37
What was the main trading port of CIs in the 16c
Puerto de la Cruz on Tenerife
38
What were the two diseases of the 19c
Powdery Mildew 1852
Downy Mildew 1878
NO PHYLLOXERA - no vines left!
39
When did the CI become an Autonomous region
1982
Fifth smallest, 3 most populated 2.1m!
40
What is the location of the CI
Archipelago Atlantic ocean
100 km Morocco
1000 km Spain
41
Wat is the climate of the CIs
Subtropical
Low diurnal variations
~25c throughout year
42
What is the rainfall of the CIs
Depends on elevation
500mm
Lanzarote driest 150mm
43
What winds affect CIs
Trade winds from NE -> SW
44
What is the topographic feature of the CIs
Volcano
45
What is the undersea plateau dividing CIs
Canary Ridge
Islands sit on the east lower
46
What is the highest point of CI
Mt Tiede 3,718m Tenerife
Highest in Spain
3rd largest volcano on earth
Volcano
Otherwise mtns ~1000m
47
What type of soil dominates in Canaries
Volcanic
Clay and sand
48
What is Lapilli = Picon
Layer of small, porous, volcanic pebbles over top soil
Helps prevent evaporation
Lanzarote
La Palma
49
Why are CIs home to some of Spain's oldest vines
No phylloxera
50
What are the white grapes of CI
Malvasia Aromatica
Malvasia Volcanica= Malvasia Lanzarote
Listan Blanco (=Palomino Fino)
51
What are the main red grapes of CI
Listan Negro = Almuneceo
Listan Prieto
52
What is the main VTS of CI
En vaso (hillside, traditional)
SOME OF HIGHEST SITES IN EUROPE
Manual harvest
Some hoya and abrigo with lapilli soil
Cordon Trenzado
53
What is a hoya
Funnel shaped hole for vines 3m x 3m
Planted at bottom = more fertile
collects rainwater
protection from wind
54
What is an abrigo
Semi circular wall of volcanic rock around hoya
protection from winds
55
What is a cordon Trenzado
Vines trained and braided along cordons
Allows other crops
Hand -worked
56
What are the characteristics of the DO Islas Canarias
2011
All CIs
Blanco 66%, Tinto 29%, Rosado 5%
Varied soils, climate, rainfall
White - Marmajeulo, Malvasias ++
Red - Castellana Negra, Listans ++
Widespread 'brand' including all wine styles
57
What are the characteristics of DO Lanzarote
1993
Lanzarote
Blanco 80%, Tinto 12%, Rosado 7%
LAPILLI
150mm!!
500m
1849ha
Malvasia Volcanica 75%
Listan Negro
Hoya y abrigo
Mineral driven zesty whites
Reds have onion like character
Some carbonic maceration
58
What are the characteristics of DO Tacoronte- Acentejo
1992
Tenerife
Tinto 83%, Blanco 13%, Rosado 3%
Volcanic
550mm
1000m
1017ha 40% cultivated land in Tenerife
White =Albillo Crillo, Marmajuelo, Doradilla ++
Red = Listan Negro 90%
NE of Tenerife
Largest and oldest DO in CI
Espaldera and Cordon Trenzado
Can be over 200yr old vines
Some carbonic maceration
59
What are the characteristics of DO Valle de la Orotava
1996
Tenerife
Tinto 60%, Blanco 34% Rosado 6%
Volcanic
465mm
800m
329ha
White Albillo Crillo, Marmajuelo, Doradillo
Red = Listan Negro
HIstorical!
Puerto de Orotava = Porto de la Cruz - significant trade port
CORDON TRENZADO
some over 100 yrs
most consumed locally
60
What are the characteristics of Ycoden-Daute-Isora
1996
Tenerife
BLANCO 78%, Tinto 21%, Rosado 1%
Volcanic
540mm
1,400m
161ha
White = Listan Blanco
Red = Listan Negro
Name from 2 kingdoms of Guanche and Isadora
Steep and treacherous slopes of Mt Tiede
61
When did Spain regain control of BIs
1802
62
What are the official languages of BIs.
Spanish and Catalan
63
What is the smallest Autonomous Community in Spain
Islas Baleares
64
In end of 17c how much Tenerife wine (Malmsey) was exported to London
2/3rds
65
Name the 4 indigenous grapes in DO Pla i LLevant
Presnal Blanc/Moll, Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro
66
How many primary islands in Las Islas Canarias
7
67
What are the top two planted red varieties in DO Binnissalem
Manto Negro , Cab Sauv
68
What is the name of the semi-circular wall of volcanic rock used to protect vines on Lanzarote from aggressive trade winds
Abrigo
69
90% of plantings in DO Tacoronte-Acentejo are Listan Blanco T or F
False - Listan Negro
70
Which white variety makes up 75% of Lanzarote's plantings
Malvasia Volcanica
71
Al Balearic islands except Mallorca are relatively flat T or F
True
72
Which Balearic island is home to the largest vineyard area?
Mallorca
73
What is the name of the unique reddish caly topl soil found in DO Pla i LLevant
Call Vermell
74
What is the largest and oldest DO in Las Islas Canarias
DO Tacoronte- Acentejo
75
Which of the Canary Islands has the least amount of rainfall
Lanzarote
76
Which 2 diseases devastated the wine industry in COs in 19c
Downy Mildew and Powdery Mildew
77
Name the unique soil on Lanzarote and La Palma which consists of a layer small porous volcanic pebbles
Lapilli = Picon
78
Which grape from Andalucia is the same as Listan Blanco
Palomino Fino
79
Name the Las Islas Canarias vine training method where vines are braided
Cordon Trenzado
80
What localized thermal wind affect Mallorca
Embat
81
Menorca and Mallorca are subject to a wind that originates in S France. Name it
Tramontana
82
Which technique is used in DO Lanzarote to produce wines that are fresh and fruit forward
Carbonic maceration
83
Which mountains have the coolest temperatures in Las Islas Baleares
Tramuntana
84
Name the highest peak on Tenerife
Mt Tiede
85
What are the top 2 most planted red varieties in DO Pla i LLevant
Cab Sav and Merlot... then Callet
86
DO Ycoden-Daute-Isadora has made a name for itself with Blanco wines T or F
True - from Listan Blanco
87
What are the characteristics of DO Islas Canarias
2011
Regional brand
all wine styles authorised
Blanco 66%, Tinto 29%, Rosado 5%
493ha
Marmajuelo, Doradillo, Gual, Malvasia ++
Castellan Negra, Listan Negra++
88
which islands are subject to the Embat winds
Mallorca and Menorca
89
Which mountain system are the BIs an extension of
Sistema Betico
90
The BIs are limestone rich T or F
True - it forms hard pans
91
Which is the main red grape on Ibiza and Formentera
Monastrell
92
In DO Binasselem, what min % of Manto Negro is required in Tinto, and Pensal Blanc/Moscatel in Blancos?
30% and 50%
93
What % of international plantings in DO Pla i Llevant
77%
94
What are the names of the 2 regions of the CIs
Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas
95
Which direction do the trade winds blow from
South East
96
Which Canary islands still have active volcanos
Lanzarote, Tenerife, Las Palmas and El Hierro
97
Which grape represents over 75% of plantings in Lanzarote
Malvasia Volcanica
98
What is the other name for Listan Negro
Almuneco
99
Which DOs have a unique training method of braiding
Valle de Orotava and Tacorante-Acentejo
