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Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 > The Islands > Flashcards

The Islands Flashcards

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1
Q

Which are the two sets of Spanish Islands - and their seas

A

Balearic islands - Mediterranean
Canary Islands - Atlantic

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2
Q

Wines from the islands are widely exported. T or F

A

False

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3
Q

What did the Greeks call the Balearic islands

A

Greeks (Lycrophon) named them the 2 main islands ‘Naked Islands’ and the minor ones ‘Pine Islands’

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4
Q

Who first brought vines to the B Is

A

Phoenicians

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5
Q

How were the BIs named

A

Roman General who conquered Mallorca given the name Balearicus
Pliny mentioned as good wine

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6
Q

Who ruled BIs between 5-8c

A

Vandals, Byzantines, Moors

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7
Q

What happened when the Swedes arrived in 9c

A

Set up a pirate base - which was then levelled by Emirate of Cordoba. Set up Independent Taifa of Mallorca

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8
Q

When did the Moor rule end

A

1229 King James of Aragon. Then passed between Cataluna and Arargon

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9
Q

Population of which island was wiped out in 14c

A

Formentora - bubonic plague
400 years before

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10
Q

Which treaty in 1713 gave control of Menorca and Gibraltar to Britain

A

Treaty of Utrecht

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11
Q

What was planted in BI after phylloxera

A

Almond trees

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12
Q

How did the BI stand in the Civil War

A

Divided

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13
Q

Why is there a via Roma in Mallorca

A

Italian Fascist troops established air base during the civil war

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14
Q

What happened in 1983 to BI

A

Autonomous region

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15
Q

What is the location of BI

A

Western med, 300 km off Spain

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16
Q

What is the name for the small western group of BI inc Ibiza and Formentera

A

Pityusas

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17
Q

Climate

A

Med… western islands warmer

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18
Q

Rainfall of BIs

A

Some of lowest in Spain 650mm (higher in Mtns). Can have violent downpours

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19
Q

What is the Tramontana

A

Cold dry wind in Mallorca and Minorca from southern france

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20
Q

What is the Embat

A

Soft humid sea breeze in Mallorca. Noon until sunset. Gives saline notes

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21
Q

Which mountain range is the BI an extension of

A

Sistema Betico

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22
Q

What is the mountain range of Mallorca

A

Tramuntana Mountains

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23
Q

What is the highest peak in the BI

A

Puig Major 1445m

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24
Q

The islands have an abundance of rivers T or F

A

False - only one small on Ibiza 17km Santa Eulalia. Mostly water from freshwater lakes

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25
Q

What is the main soil of BIs

A

Clay on limestone
Mallorca - limestone
Menorca - marl on limestone
Ibiza - clay/loam
Formentera - limestone

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26
Q

What is call vermell

A

Unique soil in DO PLa i Llevant
Mallorca
Reddish clay

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27
Q

What are the main red grapes of BI

A

Mallorca:
Manto Negro, Callet and Fogoneu
Menorca: Merlot and Cab
Ibiza/Form- Monastrell

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28
Q

What are the main white grapes of BI

A

Mallorca - Presnal Blanc = Moll, Malvasia, Chardonnay
Other islands mostly red only

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29
Q

VTS of BI

A

En vaso - but switching over to espadera (trellis) for mechanisation

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30
Q

What are the characteristics of DO Binissalem

A

1990
Tinto 64%, Rosado 18%, Blanco 16%, Espumoso 2%
Mallorca
Med 550mm Low!
140m
White- Presnel Blanc=Moll
Red - Manto Negro 75% planting
Thrived until phylloxera, investment and tourism
Sheilded by Mtns from Tramontana wind
Tinto >30% Manto Negro, <30% Gorgollassa - aged
Pale with berry notes
Blanco and Espumosos >50% Presnel Blanc

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31
Q

What are the characteristics of DO Pla y Llevant

A

1999
Tinto 43%, Blanco 39%, Rosado 18%
Mallorca - east coast plain
Limestone
CALL VERMELL red clay top soil
Med 450m V low!
100m
439ha
White- Presnel Blanc=Moll
Red - Callet, Cab Sauv, Merlot
EMBAT breezes
Mostly international planted - just a few more red
Mostly blends

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32
Q

Who first lived in Canaries

A

Indigenous Guanches - then possibly Greeks? or Phonecians?

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33
Q

When was the first conquest of CIs

A

15c King Henry III of Castille

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34
Q

Which Treaty granted Castille control of CIs in 1479

A

Treaty of Alcacovas
Portugal control of Madeira, Cape Verde and Azores
Fully Spanish from 1495

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35
Q

Name the 7 islands that make up the CIs

A

Santa Cruz da Tenerife=
La Palma
La Gomera
El Hierro
Tenerife
Las Palmas =
Gran Canaria
Fuerteventura
Lanzarote

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36
Q

What was Canary Wine or Malmsey

A

15/16c Wine from Canaries
From Malvasia
Known as Malmsey
Made in Madeira also
Sweet, white, unfortified
Popular in UK, France, Netherlands
Shakespeare mentions - Duke in Richard III

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37
Q

What was the main trading port of CIs in the 16c

A

Puerto de la Cruz on Tenerife

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38
Q

What were the two diseases of the 19c

A

Powdery Mildew 1852
Downy Mildew 1878
NO PHYLLOXERA - no vines left!

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39
Q

When did the CI become an Autonomous region

A

1982
Fifth smallest, 3 most populated 2.1m!

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40
Q

What is the location of the CI

A

Archipelago Atlantic ocean
100 km Morocco
1000 km Spain

41
Q

Wat is the climate of the CIs

A

Subtropical
Low diurnal variations
~25c throughout year

42
Q

What is the rainfall of the CIs

A

Depends on elevation
500mm
Lanzarote driest 150mm

43
Q

What winds affect CIs

A

Trade winds from NE -> SW

44
Q

What is the topographic feature of the CIs

A

Volcano

45
Q

What is the undersea plateau dividing CIs

A

Canary Ridge
Islands sit on the east lower

46
Q

What is the highest point of CI

A

Mt Tiede 3,718m Tenerife
Highest in Spain
3rd largest volcano on earth
Volcano
Otherwise mtns ~1000m

47
Q

What type of soil dominates in Canaries

A

Volcanic
Clay and sand

48
Q

What is Lapilli = Picon

A

Layer of small, porous, volcanic pebbles over top soil
Helps prevent evaporation
Lanzarote
La Palma

49
Q

Why are CIs home to some of Spain’s oldest vines

A

No phylloxera

50
Q

What are the white grapes of CI

A

Malvasia Aromatica
Malvasia Volcanica= Malvasia Lanzarote
Listan Blanco (=Palomino Fino)

51
Q

What are the main red grapes of CI

A

Listan Negro = Almuneceo
Listan Prieto

52
Q

What is the main VTS of CI

A

En vaso (hillside, traditional)
SOME OF HIGHEST SITES IN EUROPE
Manual harvest
Some hoya and abrigo with lapilli soil
Cordon Trenzado

53
Q

What is a hoya

A

Funnel shaped hole for vines 3m x 3m
Planted at bottom = more fertile
collects rainwater
protection from wind

54
Q

What is an abrigo

A

Semi circular wall of volcanic rock around hoya
protection from winds

55
Q

What is a cordon Trenzado

A

Vines trained and braided along cordons
Allows other crops
Hand -worked

56
Q

What are the characteristics of the DO Islas Canarias

A

2011
All CIs
Blanco 66%, Tinto 29%, Rosado 5%
Varied soils, climate, rainfall
White - Marmajeulo, Malvasias ++
Red - Castellana Negra, Listans ++
Widespread ‘brand’ including all wine styles

57
Q

What are the characteristics of DO Lanzarote

A

1993
Lanzarote
Blanco 80%, Tinto 12%, Rosado 7%
LAPILLI
150mm!!
500m
1849ha
Malvasia Volcanica 75%
Listan Negro
Hoya y abrigo
Mineral driven zesty whites
Reds have onion like character
Some carbonic maceration

58
Q

What are the characteristics of DO Tacoronte- Acentejo

A

1992
Tenerife
Tinto 83%, Blanco 13%, Rosado 3%
Volcanic
550mm
1000m
1017ha 40% cultivated land in Tenerife
White =Albillo Crillo, Marmajuelo, Doradilla ++
Red = Listan Negro 90%
NE of Tenerife
Largest and oldest DO in CI
Espaldera and Cordon Trenzado
Can be over 200yr old vines
Some carbonic maceration

59
Q

What are the characteristics of DO Valle de la Orotava

A

1996
Tenerife
Tinto 60%, Blanco 34% Rosado 6%
Volcanic
465mm
800m
329ha
White Albillo Crillo, Marmajuelo, Doradillo
Red = Listan Negro
HIstorical!
Puerto de Orotava = Porto de la Cruz - significant trade port
CORDON TRENZADO
some over 100 yrs
most consumed locally

60
Q

What are the characteristics of Ycoden-Daute-Isora

A

1996
Tenerife
BLANCO 78%, Tinto 21%, Rosado 1%
Volcanic
540mm
1,400m
161ha
White = Listan Blanco
Red = Listan Negro
Name from 2 kingdoms of Guanche and Isadora
Steep and treacherous slopes of Mt Tiede

61
Q

When did Spain regain control of BIs

A

1802

62
Q

What are the official languages of BIs.

A

Spanish and Catalan

63
Q

What is the smallest Autonomous Community in Spain

A

Islas Baleares

64
Q

In end of 17c how much Tenerife wine (Malmsey) was exported to London

A

2/3rds

65
Q

Name the 4 indigenous grapes in DO Pla i LLevant

A

Presnal Blanc/Moll, Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro

66
Q

How many primary islands in Las Islas Canarias

A

7

67
Q

What are the top two planted red varieties in DO Binnissalem

A

Manto Negro , Cab Sauv

68
Q

What is the name of the semi-circular wall of volcanic rock used to protect vines on Lanzarote from aggressive trade winds

A

Abrigo

69
Q

90% of plantings in DO Tacoronte-Acentejo are Listan Blanco T or F

A

False - Listan Negro

70
Q

Which white variety makes up 75% of Lanzarote’s plantings

A

Malvasia Volcanica

71
Q

Al Balearic islands except Mallorca are relatively flat T or F

A

True

72
Q

Which Balearic island is home to the largest vineyard area?

A

Mallorca

73
Q

What is the name of the unique reddish caly topl soil found in DO Pla i LLevant

A

Call Vermell

74
Q

What is the largest and oldest DO in Las Islas Canarias

A

DO Tacoronte- Acentejo

75
Q

Which of the Canary Islands has the least amount of rainfall

A

Lanzarote

76
Q

Which 2 diseases devastated the wine industry in COs in 19c

A

Downy Mildew and Powdery Mildew

77
Q

Name the unique soil on Lanzarote and La Palma which consists of a layer small porous volcanic pebbles

A

Lapilli = Picon

78
Q

Which grape from Andalucia is the same as Listan Blanco

A

Palomino Fino

79
Q

Name the Las Islas Canarias vine training method where vines are braided

A

Cordon Trenzado

80
Q

What localized thermal wind affect Mallorca

A

Embat

81
Q

Menorca and Mallorca are subject to a wind that originates in S France. Name it

A

Tramontana

82
Q

Which technique is used in DO Lanzarote to produce wines that are fresh and fruit forward

A

Carbonic maceration

83
Q

Which mountains have the coolest temperatures in Las Islas Baleares

A

Tramuntana

84
Q

Name the highest peak on Tenerife

A

Mt Tiede

85
Q

What are the top 2 most planted red varieties in DO Pla i LLevant

A

Cab Sav and Merlot… then Callet

86
Q

DO Ycoden-Daute-Isadora has made a name for itself with Blanco wines T or F

A

True - from Listan Blanco

87
Q

What are the characteristics of DO Islas Canarias

A

2011
Regional brand
all wine styles authorised
Blanco 66%, Tinto 29%, Rosado 5%

493ha

Marmajuelo, Doradillo, Gual, Malvasia ++
Castellan Negra, Listan Negra++

88
Q

which islands are subject to the Embat winds

A

Mallorca and Menorca

89
Q

Which mountain system are the BIs an extension of

A

Sistema Betico

90
Q

The BIs are limestone rich T or F

A

True - it forms hard pans

91
Q

Which is the main red grape on Ibiza and Formentera

A

Monastrell

92
Q

In DO Binasselem, what min % of Manto Negro is required in Tinto, and Pensal Blanc/Moscatel in Blancos?

A

30% and 50%

93
Q

What % of international plantings in DO Pla i Llevant

A

77%

94
Q

What are the names of the 2 regions of the CIs

A

Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas

95
Q

Which direction do the trade winds blow from

A

South East

96
Q

Which Canary islands still have active volcanos

A

Lanzarote, Tenerife, Las Palmas and El Hierro

97
Q

Which grape represents over 75% of plantings in Lanzarote

A

Malvasia Volcanica

98
Q

What is the other name for Listan Negro

A

Almuneco

99
Q

Which DOs have a unique training method of braiding

A

Valle de Orotava and Tacorante-Acentejo

Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 (25 decks)

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