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Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

Abrigo

A

Means wall in Spanish
DO Lanzarote
Walls surrounding Hoyas protection from wind

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2
Q

Albariza

A

Type of soil
Chalk limestone
Water retentive
DO JXS, MSdB, and MM

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3
Q

Albero

A

Absorbent sand
Floor of Sherry bodegas
Local name for Albariza soil in MM

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4
Q

Aloque

A

Semi/red wine
DO Valdepenas

Hallo… there is a queue for the half price red wine for pennies

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5
Q

Anada

A

Term for vintage

On Sherry labels

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6
Q

Anejo

A 
DO Carinena Aragon
Intensely oxidised wines
>15% alcohol 
>24/12 barrel
Anejo= aged

Aragon even just oxidised
AnnaMaria and Jo= Carinas

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7
Q

Arenas

A

Sand soil

DO JXS or MSdB

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8
Q

Arrope

A

Dark syrup

Heat must juice over fire to 1/5 original volume

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9
Q

Anticyclone

A

Weather system with high pressure

Calm rotating winds

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10
Q

Azores high

A

Azores anticyclone
Impacts Iberian peninsula
Bright sunny weather

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11
Q

Barros

A

Clay soil

DO JXS or MSdB

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12
Q

Bodega

A

Winery

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13
Q

Bota

A

Barrel

DO JXS, MBdS

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14
Q

Brisats

A

Orange wines

Cataluna

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15
Q

Cabeco

A

Blending dry and sweet sherry

= Cream sherry

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16
Q

Calatayud Superiore

A

DO Calatayud
Low yielding vines
>50 yrs
>85% Garnacha

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17
Q

Call Vermell

A

Reddish clay
Limestone gravel
Mallorca

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18
Q

Cava

A

Spanish sparkling

Metodo tradicional

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19
Q

Cava de Paraje Calificado

A 
Qualified single estate cava
Highest quality
Single vineyard
Vines >10 yrs
Aged >36/12 on lees
Vintage dated
Finished as Brut, Brut Nature or Extra Brut
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20
Q

Cierzo

A 
Wind
Strong, dry, cooling
N, NW
Rioja, Navarro, Aragon and Cataluna 
Autumn and Winter
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21
Q

Clarete

A

Red and White crushed together
Vinified as red wine
Light-red or semi-red

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22
Q

Classic Penedes

A

Cava
DO Penedes
Must be 100% organic
Aged for >15/12 on lees

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23
Q

Colleiteiro

A

Boutique winery
Annual production under 60,000l
Estate grown wines from Ribeiro, Galicia

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24
Q

Consejo Regulador

A

Regulating Council for each DOP
Regulates viti and vini
Sets quality controls inc aging
Proof of origin

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25
Q

Cordon Trenzado

A

Training system
Canary Islands
Vines braided on long ropes
Can be moved for other crops

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26
Q

Cosecha

A

Harvest or Vintage
Category of wine with no ageing requirement

Cos it’s a harvest

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27
Q

Consecheros

A

Rioja growers
Red wine
Carbonic maceration
Wild yeast ferment

Heroes of Rioja for consulting on wild yeasts for carbonic

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28
Q

Costers

A

Banks
Of river
Steep

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29
Q

Criaderas

A

Nurseries

Tier of butts within a solera containing sherry of same age

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30
Q

Crianza

A

Ageing category

Vinos Tintos
Aged >24/12 with >6/12 in barrel

Vinos Blancos and Rosados
Aged >18/12 with >6/12 in barrel

Some DOs may modify/extend

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31
Q

Denominacion de Origen DO

A

Defined areas of production
Designation of Origin
Also DO Protegida or Protected DO

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32
Q

Denominacion de Origen Calificada or Qualificada

A

DOs with higher quality levels held for over 10 year
DOQ in Catalan
Produced and bottled in region
Cost double that of national average DO wines
Only Rioja DOCa and Piorat DOQ

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33
Q

Destilado

A

Distilled

Generally distilled wine from Airen used to make sherry

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34
Q

Double pasta

A

Double pulp
Method of vinifying grapes
DO Utiel-Requena and DO Manchuela
Skins and pulp of Bobal rosado added to fermenting Bobal must
Double-macerated, highly extracted, tannic red wine

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35
Q

Embat

A

Soft humid sea breeze
Mallorca
Daytime
Saline notes

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36
Q

En cabeza

A

Vine training
Head of vine trained down
Protects fruit
Continental Spain and islands

Head down as you get in a cab

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37
Q

En rama

A

On the branch
Biologically aged sherries
Very lightly filtered

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38
Q

En vaso

A

Vine Training system
Trunk head pruned and kept short
gobelet or bush

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39
Q

Espaldera

A

VTS
Trunk 3ft from ground
One or two permanent arms
Cordons resting on supporting wires

Vertical shoot positioning on a trellis

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40
Q

Espumosos di Calidad de Rioja

A

Quality sparkling wines of Rioja
Option for cava within DO Rioja Cava
Only option for outside DO Cava

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41
Q

Flor or Velo de Flor

A

Film of surface yeasts

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42
Q

Foehn effect

A

Warm dry wind
Leeward side of mountain
Caused by condensation of water vapour on windward side

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43
Q

Fondillon

A 
Sweet wine
DO Alicante
Overripe Monastrell
>10yr ageing 
Optional solera

Sweet Fun in Alicante

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44
Q

Foudres

A

Large wooden casks

300l or more

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45
Q

Garnacha del Emporda

A

Sweet Red wine
DO Emporda
Aged >24/12
>90% Garnacha Tinta or Garnacha Peluda

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46
Q

Generico

A

Generic
DOCa Rioja
No min ageing

Zonal classification in DOCa Rioja where does not conform to single zone, municipality or vineyard

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47
Q

Girasol

A 
Mechanised riddling machine 
Pre Gyropalette
1970s
24 Frenchmen
504 bottles
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48
Q

Gran Anada

A

Espumosos de Calidad de Rioja
Extended lees aging >36/12
Vintage labelling

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49
Q

Gran Reserva

A

Aging category

Vinos Tintos
Aged >60/12 of which >18/12 in barrel

Vinos Blancos e Rosados
Aged >48/12 of which > 6/12 in barrel

Vinos Tintos DOCa Rioja
Aged >60/12 of which >24/12 in barrel and >24/12 in bottle

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50
Q

Gran Reserva Cava

A

Cava
Aged >30/12 on lees
Finished as Brut,Brut Nature or Extra Brut

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51
Q

Gran Vinya Classificada

A

Single vineyard classification
DOQ Priorst
Supersedes Vi de Finca

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52
Q

Hoya

A

Hole
DO Lanzarote
Approx 3m deep and wide

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53
Q

Jerez Superior

A

Subdivision of production zone

Vineyards with Albariza soil

54
Q

Joven

A

Young

55
Q

Lapilli

A

Layer small pebbles
Volcanic porous
Canaries
= Picon

56
Q

Levante

A 
Wind 
Easterly
Gentle and moist
Increases to hot and dry
=Levanter, Solano
57
Q

Leveche

A

Wind
Hot dry dusty
Origin N Africa
Valencia and Alicante

58
Q

Licor de tiraje

A

Mix yeast and sugar
Initiates second fermentation in sparkling
= Liqueur de tirage

59
Q

Llicorella

A 
Soil
Shallow
Copper colour
Decomposed slate/shale
Low organic content
DOQ Priorat
Some DO Montsant and Conca se Barbera
60
Q

Madreo

A

Vino rosado
DO Tierra de Leon
Whole clusters added to vat of fermenting must
Complex flavours

Made Rose

61
Q

Majuelo

A

Family owed and run vineyard
Grapes sold to Castilla y Leon

Make juice in Leon

62
Q

Malmsey

A

Sweet white wine
Unfortified
Malvasia

Produced in Canaries

63
Q

Marco de Jerez

A

Area around the nine towns entitled to grow grapes for sherry

64
Q

Marco Real

A

Planting to minimise hydric stress

Chessboard shape 2.5 m apart in all directions

65
Q

Metodo traditional

A

Traditional method for sparkling

66
Q

Mistela de Moscatel

A

Sweet fortified Moscatel de Alejandria must
Valencia
No fermentation

67
Q

Mitad y mitad

A

50:50 distilled grape spirit and mature sherry

Used to fortify sherry

68
Q

Monterri Superior

A

DO Monterri

>85% native variety

69
Q

Mosto prensa

A

Sherry
Press fraction that receives the most pressure => coarser less elegant wine
Used for distillation

70
Q

Mutage

A

Neutral grape spirit added to fermenting must

Stops ferment => more alcohol + residual sugar

71
Q

Pajarete

A

Paxarette
Fortified sweet wine
PX and/or Moscatel
DO Malaga

Sort of wine you would drink in pyjamas

72
Q

Penal

A

Soil
Limestone rich silty loam
DO Montsant in Cataluna

73
Q

Parra

A

Wire trellis fixed on granite posts

Forms parral/ pergola

74
Q

Parral

A 
VTS
overhead trellis
Good for air circulation
Even ripening 
Prevents mildew
75
Q

Phylloxera

A

Sap sucking insect

76
Q

Picon

A

Soil

Lapilli

77
Q

Pie franco

A

Ungrafted grapevine

78
Q

Poniente

A

Wind
Cool humid westerly/north westerly
Opposes Levante wind

79
Q

Primera Yema

A

Sherry
Free run juice
Fino production

80
Q

Rancio

A

Very oxidised wine

81
Q

Rayas

A

Sherry
Sherries that have spent time outside in baking sun
1-2 yrs
Blended with sweetness => dessert sherries

82
Q

Ranas

A

Terraces

83
Q

Reconquista

A

Reconquest

Reclaiming of Iberia by Christian after Moors/Islam

84
Q

Rectified Concentrated Grape Must

A

Sugar solution from grape must

Used in sherry to sweeten

85
Q

Reserva

A

Aging

Vinos Tintos
>36/12 of which >12/12 in barrel

Vinos Blancos and Rosados
>24\12 of which >6/12 in barrel

DO Cava
>15/12 on lees

Espumosos de Caldid de Rioja
>24/12 on lees

86
Q

Ria

A

Submerged river valley

Often branched or tree-like

87
Q

Ribera Sacra Summum

A

DO Ribera Sacra

Tinto
> 85% designated varieties
>60% Mencia

Blanco
100% designated varieties

88
Q

Rosado de Aguja

A 
Semi-sparkling rose
VC Valles de Benavente
Small injection of CO2
CyL
Hint of effervescence
89
Q

Ruedos

A

Soil
DO Montilla-Moriles
Sandy topsoil, clay subsoil

Reudos = Arena (with Sandy surface)

90
Q

Saignee or Sangrado

A

Bleeding the tanks

Vino rosado

91
Q

Saulo

A

Decomposed granite sands

DO Montsant, Cataluna

92
Q

Sagunda yema

A

Sherry
Juice from first gentle press of must
Olorosso

93
Q

Sobremadre

A

With the mother
Fermentation technique
Solids remain with unfiltered wine for 90-180 days
Slightly fizzy wines

94
Q

Sobretabla

A

Intermediate stage in sherry classification

95
Q

Solano

A

Wind
Easterly wind
Brings dry weather
Andalusia- Seville and Cadiz

Damp Ask no favour during a solano

96
Q

Soleo/ Asoleado

A

Grapes dried on straw mats
DO Manzilla-Moriles
Concentrates sugar and alcohol

97
Q

Solera

A
  1. Vertical stacking of casks of various vintages
  2. Bottom row of butts in a vertical stack
  3. Dynamic aging system
  4. fractional blending and aging system
98
Q

Sweet PX

A

Sweet wine from sun dried PX grapes

DO Montilla-Moriles

99
Q

Tarragona Clasico

A

DO Tarragona
High alcohol vino dolce
Aged for 12yrs in large oak barrels

Sometimes solera used

100
Q

Tinaja

A

Large earthenware jar

Fermentation and wine storage

101
Q

Tostado do Ribeiro

A

Sweet fortified white
DO Ribeira, Galicia
Vineyard planting craze 17/18c

102
Q

Tramontana

A

Wind
North
Strong, dry
Cataluna and Balearics

103
Q

Txakoli

A

Basque wine

Rescued

104
Q

Valdeorras Castas Nobles

A

DO Valdeorras

>85% designated varieties

105
Q

Vara y pulgar

A

VTS
Stick and Thumb
DO JXS and MSdB
DOCa Rioja

106
Q

Vi de Finca

A

DOQ Piorat
Highest quality to 2019
Now Vinya Classificada or Gran Vinya Classificada

107
Q

Vi di Partage

A

DOQ Priorat
Similar to Lieu dit
Delimited sites - Partage
Geological or topographical features

108
Q

Vi de Vila

A

DOQ Priorat
High profile village
Historic or social element
Plus approved subzone

109
Q

Vino (de Espana)

A

Lowest level on quality pyramid
Vino de Mesa
No specific geographic area
Country of origin, Grape and harvest may be on label

110
Q

Vino de Calidid con Indicacion Geografica VC

A 
Wine category
Between VT and DO
Designated grapes, area
Quality and reputation based on geographic environment
7
111
Q

Vino de Indicacion Geografica Protegida IGP

A 
Quality label
Protected geographical Indication
EU label
Less strict than DO, DOCa
Expected to reflect region/place
Vino de la Terra falls into this category
112
Q

Vino de la Tierra VT

A 
Quality Label
Country wine = IGP
Particular area 
Identifiable local characteristics 
Relaxed viti and vini compared to DO/DOCa
42
First rung =Below VC
113
Q

Vino de licor

A

Fortified wine

114
Q

Vino de Mesa

A

Quality label
Table wine
Now Vino (de Espana)

115
Q

Vino de Pago VP

A

Wine quality
Highly regarded single estates
Unique soils or mesoclimates
May lie outside DO

116
Q

Vino de Tea

A

Canary Islands
Red, white or rose
Aged for max 6/12
Pine tea barrels

117
Q

Vino dulce

A

Sweet wine

118
Q

Vino espumosos

A

Sparkling wine

119
Q

Vino generoso

A

Dry fortified wine

120
Q

Vino generoso di licor

A

Sweet fortified wine

121
Q

Vino Naranja

A

Aromatised sweet wine
DO Condado de Heulva
Rinds of bitter oranges

122
Q

Vino tostado

A

Sweet fortified white wine
DO Ribeiro
Sun dried grapes

123
Q

Vino de colour

A

Wines used to deepen the colour of sherry

124
Q

Vinos de Municipio

A

Quality label
Village wines
DOCa Rioja
Single village

125
Q

Vinos de Zona

A

Quality label
DOCa Rioja
Sub-regional
Mainly used in Rioja Alavesa or Rioja Alta

126
Q

Vinya Classificada

A 
Quality label
DOCa Piorat
Similar to Premier cru
Single vineyard
Supercedes Vi de Finca
127
Q

Vinyes Velles

A

Catalan for old vines
DOQ Priorat
>75 yr vines
Or planted pre 1945

128
Q

Vinedo singular

A 
Quality label
DOCa Rioja
Single vineyard
Lower yields
Hand harvested fruit
>35 yr vines
129
Q

Zona de Crianza

A

Sherry
Ageing and maturing zone
Area around Jerez de Frontera, El Puerto de Santa Maria and Sanluacar de Barrameda
Sherry triangle

130
Q

Zona de Produccion

A

Sherry
Area of production
Area around 9 towns which Consejo Regulador considers suitable for grapes for sherry and manzanilla
Soils inc albariza, arenas and barros

Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 (25 decks)

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