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Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 > Paìs Vasco > Flashcards

Paìs Vasco Flashcards

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1
Q

History

A

Basque - original inhabitants of Europe
Language unrelated to any other
Romans- Vasconia
Visigoths attacked
Franks
Independent from Moors
Navarra Kingdom controlled from Pamplona- first wine reference
Kingdom of Castile
13-15c wine
17c vino chacolin
18c Bourbon French
19c Capture of San Sebastain by British- looting
Phylloxera and mildew and lack of vineyard workers=> decline
20c industrialised and immigration
Basque with Left Republic in Civil war
Guernica bombed by German planes
Franco forbade Basque language
ETA formed
1980 Association of Txakolineros producers
After democracy in 1978 three regions formed Basque Country- Navarra separate

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2
Q

Fueros

A

Privileges granted by Kingdom of Castile to Basque Country

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3
Q

Local ordinances in Middle Ages

A

No wine to be imported until all the wine had been drunk from the current vintage

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4
Q

Sabino Arana

A

Basque writer 1865-1903
Father of Nationalism
Purity of Basque race
PNV31
=> ETA Basque terrorists

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5
Q

Txakoli

A

Local wine of Pais Vasco

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6
Q

Location

A

Basque territory includes 3 provinces in France and 4 in Spain
Paìs Vasco= Àlava, Viscaya, Guipùzcoa (Navarra independent)
N=Bay of Biscay
E=France and Navarra
S=La Rioja (Ebro river)
W= Cantabria and Castilla y Leon
Capital=Vitoria-Gasteiz
Largest city=Bilbao

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7
Q

Climate

A

Maritime= Viz’ and Guip’
Continental inland (little wine)
Atlantic influence
Temperate
1200mm rain
No dry season in North

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8
Q

Topography

A

3 areas
Atlantic basin - valleys and short rivers
Inner Mountain ranges- Montes Vasco
Alava plains
Ebro river basin

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9
Q

What are the main soil types found in each of the key areas of Pais Vasco

A

Guipuzcoa- sand and clay
Vizcaya- clay and limestone
Alava - gravelly clay and limestone

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10
Q

What is Txakoli

A

Wine of Pais Vasco
“Etxakoa”= made at home
20c association to revive wine

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11
Q

Which grapes are found for red and white in Pais Vasco

A

Hondarribi Zara = white, 3 types
Crisp, acidic, pale, citrus and flowers

Hondarribi Beltza = red

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12
Q

What type of VTS is found in Pais Vasco and what are the characteristics of the vineyards?

A

Very wet so vines on Parral system = improved airflow
Tradition of small family vineyards
Mostly coastal or hillside
Parral = labour intensive

Modern is espaldera

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13
Q

What are 3 key elements of vinification in Pais Vasco

1 Stem/destemmed/whole bunches

2 maceration

3 Fermentation

A

Destemmed grapes
Macerate on skins
2-3 week fermentation
Larges wooden barrels foudres(=> stainless steel tanks)

Experimenting - new styles - lees aging, barrel, blending

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14
Q

What are Foudres

A

1,000 litre barrel

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15
Q

What is the minimum requirement for red grapes in Vinos rosados

A

At least 50% Hondarribi Beltza

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16
Q

Which topographic feature marks the Southern border of Pais Vasco

A

Ebro River

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17
Q

What are the names of the three provinces of Pais Vasco

A

Alava
Vizcaya
Guipuzcoa

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18
Q

What is the Easternmost and wettest DO of PV

A

Getariako Txakolina

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19
Q

What is the sole red grape authorised in the 3 Basque regions

A

Hondarribi Beltza

20
Q

What is the main white grape of the 3 Basque DOs

A

Hondarribi Zuri

21
Q

The Pais Vasco coastal provinces of Vizcaya and Guipuzcoa are largely continental with some maritime influence.. True or False

A

False - both are maritime

22
Q

Approx what % of wine made in 3 Basque DOs is white

A

95%

23
Q

In which Pais Vasco Province did producers form the Txakoli Winemakers Association in 1980s

A

Vizcaya

24
Q

Which is the smallest and driest DO in PV

A

Arabako Tzakolina

25
Q

What are the 3 provinces of Pais Vasco

A

Alava Viscaya and Guipuzkoa

26
Q

DO Arabako Txacolina/ Txakoli de Alava / Chacoli de Alava

Date awarded

A

2001

27
Q

DO Arabako Txacolina/ Txakoli de Alava / Chacoli de Alava

wine style

A

94% Blanco

28
Q

DO Arabako Txacolina/ Txakoli de Alava / Chacoli de Alava

Climate

A

Maritime

29
Q

DO Arabako Txacolina/ Txakoli de Alava / Chacoli de Alava

Soils

A

Limestone plus stone and clay

30
Q

DO Arabako Txacolina/ Txakoli de Alava / Chacoli de Alava

Grapes

A

Hondarribi Zuri

31
Q

DO Arabako Txacolina/ Txakoli de Alava / Chacoli de Alava

Main points

A

Smallest area

NW of Pais Vasco under Bizkaliko

Driest and most continental

Richer and riper

32
Q

DO Bizkaiko Txacolina/ Txakoli de Bizkaia / Chacoli de Bizkaia

Date awarded

A

1994

33
Q

DO Bizkaiko Txacolina/ Txakoli de Bizkaia / Chacoli de Bizkaia

Wine Style

A

Blanco =99%

34
Q

DO Bizkaiko Txacolina/ Txakoli de Bizkaia / Chacoli de Bizkaia

Climate

A

Maritime

35
Q

DO Bizkaiko Txacolina/ Txakoli de Bizkaia / Chacoli de Bizkaia

Soils

A

Clay loam

Limestone

Marl

36
Q

DO Bizkaiko Txacolina/ Txakoli de Bizkaia / Chacoli de Bizkaia

Grapes

A

Hondarrabi Zuri

37
Q

DO Bizkaiko Txacolina/ Txakoli de Bizkaia / Chacoli de Bizkaia

Main points

A

Near coast

Parral VTS

Subject to Foehn effect

Winemakers Assocaition=Txakoli Winemakers Association

38
Q

DO Getariako Txakolina/ Txakoli de Geteria / Chacoli de Geteria

Date awarded

A

1989

39
Q

DO Getariako Txakolina/ Txakoli de Geteria / Chacoli de Geteria

Wine styles

A

93% Blanco

40
Q

DO Getariako Txakolina/ Txakoli de Geteria / Chacoli de Geteria

Climate

A

Maritime

Highest rainfall in Spain

41
Q

DO Getariako Txakolina/ Txakoli de Geteria / Chacoli de Geteria

Soils

A

Sandy topsoil with clay subsoil

42
Q

DO Getariako Txakolina/ Txakoli de Geteria / Chacoli de Geteria

Grapes

A

Hondarrabi Zuri

43
Q

DO Getariako Txakolina/ Txakoli de Geteria / Chacoli de Geteria

Main points

A

Oldest region

Easternmost

Highest rainfall

Parral VTS

Also Hondarrabi Beltza (little)

44
Q

Pais Vasco OCW

A

The Basque country (País Vasco in Castilian, Euskadi in Basque) is the most ferociously independent of all Spain’s 17 autonomous regions. This densely populated, heavily industrialized strip of country facing the Bay of Biscay is not normally associated with wine, even though the important rioja region stretches north of the River Ebro into the Basque province of Alava where the Rioja Alavesa subregion is located—home to such important estates as Marqués de Riscal, Contino, Artadi, Martínez Bujanda, Remelluri, and Remírez de Ganuza. The three wholly Basque dos are the tiny region of Getariako txakolina on the coast 25 km/15 miles west of San Sebastián, the smaller Bizkaiko Txakolina around Bilbao, and the newest one, Arabako Txakolina.

France

45
Q

Txakoli - OCW

A

Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 (25 decks)

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