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Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 > Galicia > Flashcards

Galicia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the celtic name for Galicia and when did they migrate there

A

Galiza = Mother Godess
6cBC

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2
Q

What was the Roman name for Galicia
When did they invade and what did they bring

A

Gallaecia
137bc
New wines/technologies
New varieties bred

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3
Q

What was the Santiago de Compostela and when did it gain importance and why

A

Current capital of Galicia
Significant Christian importance
9c onwards
Camino de Santiago pilgrimage

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4
Q

Which DO was the historic centre of Galician wine production and what type of wine was produced

A

Ribeiro

Vino tostado (sweet fortified wine)

Sun dried grapes
For pilgrims and exported in 17/18c
Prosperity

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5
Q

what 3 difficulties were faced in 19c Galicia

A

Changing tastes => decrease In Trade for tostado
Mildew
Disease
Phylloxera
Vineyards abandoned

=> low quality planting

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6
Q

What improvements were made in 20c Galicia

A

Revival of local grapes -Albariño, Godello, Mencia
Rules preventing non native grapes
EU funds

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7
Q

Waht is the typical Climate of Galicia

A

Maritime
Temperate
Mild winters
Heavy rain
Summers moderate except inland hotter

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8
Q

What are Rias

A

Unglaciated river valley flooded by rising seas or sinking land
Irregular banks
Convoluted series of inlets with islands
Open to sea
Large estuary?

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9
Q

Describe the main Topography of Galicia
On the coast
Inland
2 main rivers
3 sierras of the main mountain range

A

Country of a thousand rivers

Cliffs and rias = coast
hilly and mountainous= interior

Mino river
Sil river
Steep hillsides
Mountainous inland - Galician massif part of Cordillera Cantabrica
Sierro do Eixe
Sierro da Lastra
Sierro do Courel

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10
Q

Describe the main Soils of Galicia for
Coast
River valleys
Inland river valleys

A

Varied
Coast= granite, shallow, Sandy and acidic
River valley= granite and clay
Pourous with drainage
Inland river valleys- slate shale sand

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11
Q

What are the 3 main Grape varieties of Gallicia

A

Albariño
Godello
Mencia

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12
Q

Describe the Viticulture of Galicia
including the type of planting
where the vineyards are sited
what type of VTS

A

Steep hillsides
Vineyards fragmented
Land (for vine?) scarce
Planted en espaldera on terraces
Parrals on flatter ground - granite trellis => greater ventilation, second crop below
EU improvements
Small family owned adegas

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13
Q

Describe the Viniculture of Galicia for
red and
white

A

Stainless steel fermentation for red and white
Some barrel ferment for both - not usual
Local oak

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14
Q

Describe the Wine types of Galicia

A

Fresh crisp acidic whites
Fresh fruit forward light/med bodied
Barrel age adds body

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15
Q

what are Adegas

A

Galician for bodega

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16
Q

Location
borders and capital

A

NW corner
N= Atlantic
E= Castilla y L, Asturias
S= Portugal
W= Portugal
4 provinces
Santiago capital

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17
Q

Where is Albariño from
what % of plantings in Rias Biaxas
Describe character

A

From NW corner Iberia
90% plantings in Rias Baixas
Unoaked
Pale
Citrus, peaches, whites flowers
Zesty acidity
Saline

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18
Q

Where is Mencia found
Describe character

A

Most planted red in Galicia
Mostly interior of region
Light lively red
Fresh berries
Smoky minerality
Best aged in wooden vats

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19
Q

What is Ribeira Sacra Summum and what are the grape requirements

A

Vinos Tintos from Ribeira Scara
>85% preferred, >60% Mencia
Vinos Blancos 100% pref

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20
Q

what is a Colleiteiro

A

Boutique winery
Ribeira DO
<6000l a year
Managed by owner
Grapes grown on estate
115 in Ribeiro

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21
Q

Which DO prefers Godello

A

DO Valdeorras
Ripe yellow apple
Some aged in oak barriques

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22
Q

What are Authorised grapes

A

Winery can use and still use DO name

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23
Q

What are Preferred grapes

A

Those that perform best in given area

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24
Q

What is the climate of Galicia

A

Maritime

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25
Q

What is the special designation in Ribeira Sacra for red wines with a min of 85% preferred varieties

A

Ribeira Sacra Summum
Also > 60% Mencia

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26
Q

What are the 3 primary mountain ranges of the Galician Massif

A

Serra do Eixe
Serra da Lastra
Serra do Courel

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27
Q

What does Ribeira Sacra mean

A

Sacred Riverbank

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28
Q

What is the Spanish Term for pergolas in Rias Baixas

A

Parrals

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29
Q

What is the name of the DO Valdeorras produced with min of 85% preferred

A

Valdeorras Castas Nobles

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30
Q

Which is the newest subzone in Rias Baixas

A

Ribeira do Ulla

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31
Q

What is the primary grape variety of DO Ribeiro

A

Treixadura

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32
Q

What is the dominant grape variety of Ribeira Sacra

A

Mencia

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33
Q

Which sub-zone of Rias Baixas is oldest and birthplace of Albariño

A

Val do Salnés

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34
Q

The vineyards of DO Ribeiro border which 3 rivers

A

Miño, Avia, Arnoia

35
Q

What is the name for the warm drying winds on the leeward side of a mountain

A

Foehn

36
Q

What is the primary grape of Rias Baixas

A

Albariño

37
Q

Which 4 autonomous regions make up Green Spain

A

Galicia
Asturias
Cantabria
Pais Vasco

38
Q

The majority of grape varieties grown in Galicia are indigenous to the region True or False

A

True

39
Q

What is the name for the submerged river valleys open to the sea

A

Rias

40
Q

Which is the most important red grape in Galicia

A

Mencia

41
Q

What are the 2 most important rivers in Galicia

A

Sil and Miño

42
Q

What is the name for the boutique estate wineries in DO Ribeiro

A

Colleteriros

43
Q

What is the warmest sub-zone in Rias Baixas

A

Condado do Tea

44
Q

Which Rias Baixas subzone produces only varietal Albariño

A

Soutomajor

45
Q

What is the name of Galicia’s capital - famous for pilgrimage

A

Santiago de Compostela

46
Q

What is the Galician word for bodega

A

Adega

47
Q

What is tostado

A

Sweet fortified wine
DO riberiera

48
Q

What is the dominant soil in Rias Baixas

A

Granite

49
Q

Which DO is in SE corner on river Mino before Rias Baixas

A

Ribeiro

50
Q

Which Gallician DO produces more red wine than white

A

Ribeira Sacra

51
Q

Godello is the dominant white variety in which Gallician DO

A

Valdeorras

52
Q

What is Espana Verde

A

Green Spain

53
Q

Which 4 regions make up Green Spain

A

Galicia, Cantabria, Asturias and Pais Vasco

54
Q

What types of wine are found in Green Spain

A

Fresh aromatic whites, fruity floral reds

55
Q

What are parrals

A

VTS
Parrals on flatter ground - granite trellis => greater ventilation, second crop below

56
Q

If Galicia were a clock, where is Santiago de Compostela

A

9.30pm

57
Q

Where is the bithplace of Albarino

A

North west Iberia

58
Q

What % of plantings in Rias Biaxas is Alberino

A

90%

59
Q

Which is Galicia’s most planted red variety

A

Mencia

60
Q

DO Rias Biaxas - date

A

1988

61
Q

DO Rias Biaxas - wine styles

A

Blanco 99%

62
Q

DO Rias Biaxas - climate

A

Maritime

63
Q

DO Rias Biaxas - soils

A

Granite (by the coast)

64
Q

DO Rias Biaxas - grape varieties

A

White - Albarino

65
Q

DO Rias Biaxas - 5 subzone with main characteristic

A

Val do Salnes=old, flat cool, large Albarino birthplace- all additional
Condado do Tea=southern, inland, warm= Treixadura
O Rosal=South West with terraces - Loureira
Soutomaior=smallest, only Albarino
Ribeira do Ulla=most northern -all additional

66
Q

DO Rias Biaxas - OCW

A

Rías Baixas, the leading do wine zone in galicia, north west Spain (see map under spain), producing some of the country’s most sought-after dry white wines. Between 1987 and 2012 the DO’s vineyard area grew from 237 ha/570 acres to 4,050 ha/9,700 acres with the number of wineries rising from 14 to 177. Named after the flooded coastal valleys, or rías, that penetrate up to 30 km/19 miles inland, the zone’s reputation is based on the white albariño grape. Wines were exported to northern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries but, after the ravages of phylloxera, many of the traditional vine varieties were abandoned, and by the 1900s the region’s vineyards were largely planted with high-yielding hybrids and by Jerez’s palomino, producing poor-quality wine. The revival began in the late 1970s, when growers were encouraged to replant native vine varieties and producers were given incentives to invest in modern winemaking equipment. The metamorphosis gathered pace with the application of eu funds following Spain’s accession to the EU in 1986.

Rías Baixas has five separate subzones, all within the province of Pontevedra. Many of the purest Albariño wines come from Val do Salnés zone centred on the town of Cambados on the west coast. The two further subzones, O Rosal and Condado do Tea, are on the northern slopes of the river Miño facing the vinho verde region in Portugal on the opposite bank. A fourth, small subzone, Soutomaior, was admitted in the late 1990s, to be joined later by Ribeira do Ulla in the far north. All five zones share the same granite-based subsoils and relatively cool, damp, maritime climate. The Atlantic influence is strongest in Val do Salnés, where annual rainfall averages 1,300 mm/50 in. Vines were traditionally cultivated on pergolas (see tendone) to protect grapes from the constant threat of fungal diseases, although modern vineyards are planted on a more practical local variant of the geneva double curtain vine-training system.

Twelve different vine varieties are officially permitted in Rías Baixas although Albariño accounts for 90% of the vineyard area. Other white grapes which may be blended with Albariño according to local regulations include caiño blanco, as well as treixadura, and Loureira (see loureiro; locally known as Marqués), both of which are found in the Vinho Verde region. (torrontés and godello are also permitted.) On its own, Albariño produces a fragrant, intensely fruity, dry white wine with a natural minimum alcohol often above 12%.

67
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra - date

A

1996
Inland - 5 subzones in Mino and Sil Vallies

68
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra - wine styles

A

Tinto 94%
Blanco 6%

69
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra - climate

A

maritime - continental influences

70
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra - grapes

A

Mencia

71
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra - Sacra Summum

A

Vinos Tintos min 85% preferred (min 60% Mencia)
Vinos Blancos min 100% preferred

72
Q

DO Ribeira Sacra - OCW

A

Ribeira Sacra, growing Spanish do, created in 1996. It is the only galician region specializing in red wines, from the mencía grape, and some less well-known local varieties, together with some whites from Godello and Albariño.

73
Q

DO Ribeiro - date

A

1932
Oldest in Galicia

74
Q

DO Ribeiro - wine style

A

Blanco 90%

75
Q

DO Ribeiro - climate

A

Maritime
Best vineyards on hillsides

76
Q

DO Ribeiro - grapes

A

Treixadura
Med body, unoaked, drunk young

77
Q

DO Ribeiro - colleiteriros

A

115 boutique wineries

78
Q

DO Ribeiro - OCW

A

Ribeiro — means ‘river bank’ or ‘riverside’ in the Galician language and is the name of a red and white wine do zone in galicia, north west Spain (see map under spain). Ribeiro spans the valleys of the river Miño and its tributaries and Arnoia downstream from Orense. In the 16th and 17th centuries wines from Ribeiro were exported as far afield as Italy and England but they disappeared from international markets until recently. phylloxera put paid to the region’s prosperity at the end of the 19th century. As in rías baixas, for example, farmers, seeking a quick return to profit, replanted their holdings with the sherry grape palomino. Over recent years, growers have been encouraged to uproot this productive but unsuitable variety in favour of treixadura, torrontés, Lado, and other indigenous varieties which perform well in the damp maritime climate of north west Iberia and can be made into aromatic, crisp white wines. But it is the red wine explosion that has been notable this century, with the recovery and discovery of local Brancellao (alvarelhão), Caiño Redondo, Carabuñeira (Portugal’s Touriga Nacional), and Ferrón varieties, and the rediscovery of the better vineyards planted to the long-reviled, post-phylloxeric Garnacha Tintorera (alicante bouschet). With help from eu funds, wineries have been updated and the traditional, labour-intensive pergolas (see tendone) are being replaced by lower vine-training systems.

79
Q

DO - Valderorras - date

A

1945
8 sub-regions

80
Q

DO Valderorras - Wine style

A

55% Blanco
45% Tinto

81
Q

DO Valderorras - climate

A

Maritime with cont influences

82
Q

DO Valderorras - grape varieties

A

White = Godello
Red = Mencia

83
Q

DO Valderorras - labels and blends

A

Godello=100%
Mencia=85%
Espumosos=85% Godello
Castas Nobles= 85%

84
Q

DO Valderorras - OCW

A

Valdeorras, easternmost wine zone in galicia in north-west Spain (see map under spain). Steeply terraced vineyards are planted predominantly with inappropriate but productive vine varieties such as Garnacha Tintorera (alicante bouschet) and the white palomino. The indigenous white godello, which had all but disappeared from Galicia in the wake of phylloxera, is being aggressively replanted. This moderately productive variety is susceptible to disease, but Valdeorras is protected from the Atlantic by mountains immediately to the west. If carefully vinified, it can produce an aromatic wine with an alcoholic strength of 12 to 13%. In the late 1990s, some of Spain’s most acclaimed barrel-fermented whites were Godello wines from Valdeorras made by the Guitián family, who pioneered this style, now artfully practised by the likes of Rafael Palacios and Valdesil. The mencía grape, which makes fruity reds, is similarly respected by a new wave of producers in Valdeorras.

Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 (25 decks)

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