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Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 > Ebro Valley: Navarra > Flashcards

Ebro Valley: Navarra Flashcards

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1
Q

Which regions are included in the Ebro River valley

A

Navarra, Aragon and La Rioja

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2
Q

Who was Ferdinand II

A

Ferdinand the Catholic 1452-1516 lived to 64
King at 26
Married Isabella of Castile to unite Spain
Spanish Inquisition
Expulsion of Jews and Moors from Granada
Empire inc Naples and Sicily

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3
Q

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

A

Divided New world between Spain and Portugal

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4
Q

When were settlements first recorded in Navarra

A

40,000 years ago

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5
Q

What are dolmens

A

Prehistoric ~1000BC burial chambers

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6
Q

Which tribe originally inhabited Navarra

A

Vascones (Basques)

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7
Q

Why did the Romans dislike/like Navarra

A

Mountainous - difficult to conquer
Fertile - good for farming

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8
Q

Which invading forces did the Basques repel

A

Visigoths, Franks and Moors

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9
Q

Which road was influential for winemaking during the 9c-10c

A

Pilgrims to Santiago

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10
Q

Which was the most influential King of Navarra in 11c

A

King Sancho III - Kingdom divided after his death

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11
Q

What happened on the death of King Sancho VII in 1234

A

Navarra came under French control Teobaldo I of Champagne

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12
Q

What are fueros

A

Part of Roman Law
Self government granted to people of Navarra
King of Navarra must swear to support Fueros
Still relevant that people of Navarra have right of separate decision making

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13
Q

Was Navarra for or against Franco

A

For
Pamplona was central point for rebellion
Many rewards for their support

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14
Q

What % of vineyards were lost due to root louse in 19c

A

95% and 80 grape varieties

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15
Q

When was Navarra made an autonomous region

A

1982

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16
Q

What role did ETA play in Navarra

A

Navarra was in discussion with Basques to create one region but decided to self- govern with fueros

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17
Q

What is the location of Navarra

A

N= France
E=Aragon
S=Aragon
W=La Rioja and Pais Vasco

Capital= Pamplona

One of Spain’s least populated regions

3 regions

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18
Q

What is the climate of Navarra

A

Continental
Some maritime influence from Bay of Biscay

Mountain area In North coldest and wettest
Vineyards area is South - dry and warm

Cierzo

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19
Q

What is the Bardenas Reales

A

dry arid desert in SE Navarra

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20
Q

What is the topography of Navarra

A

North = Mountains Montes Vasco and Pirineos

Ebro River Basin

Tributaries = Aragon, Agra, Ega

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21
Q

What is Navarra’s highest peak

A

Mesa de la Tros Reyes 2,444m
Table of the 3 Kings

Shared with Aragon and France

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22
Q

What are the soils of Navarra

A

Loams, Marls and Sand
Clay near the river

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23
Q

What is the prominent grape varieties of Navarra

A

Tempranillo (34%) and Garnacha (23%)

Merlot and Cabernet 30% of plantings

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24
Q

Is the region known for its indigenous grapes

A

No - prominent use of international varieties

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25
Q

What is the type of wine the region is best known for

A

Although red is 60% of wine produced it is best known for rosado (30%)

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26
Q

What type of land are the vineyards on

A

Hillside slopes and valley floors

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27
Q

What is ‘sangrado’

A

method for making rosado= saignee
term meaning ‘bled’ for a winemaking technique which results in a rosé wine made by running off, or ‘bleeding’, a certain amount of free-run juice from just-crushed dark-skinned grapes after a short, prefermentation maceration. The aim of this may be primarily to produce a lightly pink wine, or to increase the proportion of phenolics and flavour compounds to juice, thereby effecting a form of concentration of the red wine which results from fermentation of the rest of the juice with the skins. The second operation has often been undertaken by ambitious producers of both red bordeaux and red burgundy.

28
Q

What are the sangrado requirements

A

Gravity only to draw off juice
Can take hours
Max of 40l per kg
Remainder used for red wine

29
Q

DO Navarra - date

A

1933 Very Early!!

30
Q

DO Navarra - wine style

A

Tinto 63%
ROSADO 25% ++
Famous for rosado

31
Q

DO Navarra - soils

A

Marl, loam, clay

32
Q

DO Navarra - climate

A

Contintental
Maritime influences
Cierzo
550m

33
Q

DO Navarra - topography

A

550m
10,774 ha
5 subzones

34
Q

What is special about subzone Valdizarbe in DO Navarra

A

On Camino
Most humid
Most Diverse palette of grapes

35
Q

What is special about Baja Montana in DO Navarra

A

Foothills of Pirineos
Garnacha
Rosados

36
Q

What is special about Ribera Alta in DO Navarra

A

Central
Truly continental climate
Dry
3 rivers
High terraces
Tempranillo

37
Q

What is special about Ribera Baja in DO Navarra

A

Southernmost
Warmest
Ebro river
Next to Aragon
Moscatel

38
Q

What is special about Tierra Estella in DO Navarra

A

Westernmost
Highest
Clay marl
Tempranillo and Cab Sav

39
Q

Navarra DO - OCW

A

Navarra, known in English as Navarre, autonomous region in north east spain which also lends its name to a denominated wine zone with 11,500 ha/27,500 acres of vineyard in 2012. The kingdom of Navarra once stretched from bordeaux to Barcelona but today this extensive denomination is overshadowed by the neighbouring do zone rioja, a small part of which extends into the province of Navarra (see map under spain). The wines share a common history.

Pilgrims en route to Santiago de Compostela fuelled the demand for wine in the Middle Ages. Later, in the mid 19th century, both Rioja and Navarra benefited greatly from their proximity to France after it was invaded by the phylloxera louse. Because northern Spain was affected considerably later than south west France, vineyards here were expanded and large quantities of Navarran wine were sold to producers in France until phylloxera arrived in Navarra itself in 1892. The region recovered fairly quickly but the area under vine in 1990 was less than a third of that a century before.

The region splits into five subzones according to climate, from the cooler slopes of the Baja Montaña close to the Pyrenean foothills and the slightly warmer Valdizarbe and Tierra Estella districts in the north of Navarra, to Ribera Alta in the centre of the region, and Ribera Baja round the city of Tudela in the south. Rainfall totals range between 600 mm (23 in) in the north and 400 mm in the south and east, while summer temperatures become correspondingly warmer. With over 30% of Navarra’s vineyards, Ribera Baja has traditionally been the most important of the five subzones, although most of the new planting in the late 1980s and early 1990s took place in the cooler north.

The Garnacha grape (see grenache) has dominated Navarra’s vineyards but plantings of tempranillo increased considerably in the 1990s. Garnacha lends itself to good, dry rosé, which Navarra continues to make in large quantities. Some distinctive sweet whites are made from Moscatel de Grano Menudo (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains) grown in the south. This century the region’s wines have suffered on both domestic and foreign markets, being penalized for the widespread planting of imported varieties, which include Tempranillo in these parts, plus a reliance on high-yielding young vineyards. The new varieties and technical improvements have been largely promoted by the oenological research station, EVENA, set up at Olite by the consejo regulador and the regional government.

40
Q

In King Teobaldo’s reign new viticulture was introduced and new grapes from which French region?

A

Burgundy

41
Q

What is the only DO in Navarra

A

DO Navarra

42
Q

Which 3 VPs are mentioned

A

Pago de Otazu, Pardo de Irache (wine fountain) and Arinzano

43
Q

Does DO Navarra cover all of Navarra?

A

No- only about 50% of region in the South

44
Q

DO Navarra has how many subzones

A

5

45
Q

Plantings of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot in total surpass plantings of Garnacha Tinta in Navarra. T or F

A

False

46
Q

Which DO Navarra subzone located in the foothills of the Pirineos is best known for its vinos rosados

A

Baja Montana

47
Q

Which 3 grapes dominate the blends of vinos tintos in DO Navarra

A

Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

48
Q

What grape was largely planted to replace vines lost from phylloxera in Navarra

A

Garnacha Tinta

49
Q

What percentage of vineyards did Navarra lose from phylloxera

A

95%

50
Q

What is the term for the peoples right to self govern in Navarra

A

Fueros

51
Q

The entire autonomous region of Navarra is situated within the Ebro River Basin. T or F

A

True

52
Q

Which Navarra sub zone has the most diverse palette of grapes

A

Valdozarbe

53
Q

What is most planted white grape in Navarra

A

Chardonnay

54
Q

What method is usually used for producing vinos Rosados in Navarra

A

Sangrado (Saignee)

55
Q

What is the name of the popular annual celebration held in Pamplona

A

San Fermin Running of the Bulls

56
Q

Which 2 international varieties comprise approx 30% of total area in Navarra

A

Cab Sav and Merlot

57
Q

Which 3 regions comprise the Ebro Valley

A

La Rioja, Navarra and Aragon

58
Q

How many subzones does Navarra have

A

5

59
Q

Which subzones of Navara are subject to the Cierzo wind?

A

Ribiera - Alta and Baja

60
Q

How is the region of Navarra subdivided

A

Montana, Zona Media and Ribiera

61
Q

What % of Navarra region does the DO cover

A

50%

62
Q

Are Baja Montana roses pale or deep coloured?

A

Deep and slightly tannic

63
Q

Which is the warmest subzone in DO Navarra

A

Ribiero Baja`

64
Q

Which is the largest subzone in DO Navarra

A

Ribiero Alta - but Baja is the most important

65
Q

Which subzones in DO Navarra have moscatel?

A

Ribiera Baja and Alta

Spanish Wine Scholar 2021 (25 decks)

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