Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUT1005 > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What membrane does skin have

A

Cutaneous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin

A

Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the accessory structures in skin

A

Hair, nails, exocrine glands (sweat, oil and wax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the accessory structures in skin found

A

Anchored in dermis and extend through epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cells is the epidermis of skin composed of

A

Keratinised, stratified (4-5 layers), squamous (flattened) epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meant by keratinised epithelial cells in the epidermis

A

Cells are protected by tough, intracellular fibrous insoluble protein keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of keratin in the epidermis

A

Protection and to provide water repellent glycolipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the features of the epidermis

A

-Relatively thin outer layer that can be sloughed off and replaced
-No blood vessels as nutrients/o2 diffuse from the capillaries in the dermis
-Contains a few melanocytes (produces skin colour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are langerhans cells located

A

The epidermis of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of langerhans cells

A

Part of skin immune response by acting as macrophages to engulf microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do sensory cells and receptors in the skin respond to

A

Thermal, pain (noicieption) and pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the inner basal layer of the epidermis

A

A single row of columnar cells that divide and replaced the sloughed off outer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What separates the inner basal layer of the epidermis and the underlying dermis

A

Basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the dermis

A

Inner layer of skin that is thicker than the epidermis and composed of fibrous connective tissue (collagen fibres) to support the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the features of the dermis

A
  • blood and lymph vessels
  • muscle fibre and nerve fibres
  • hair follicles and sweat glands
  • elastin fibres
    -Phagocytes
  • melanocytes
  • adipocytes (fat stores)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of elastin fibres in the dermis

A

Return the skin to normal shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does sweat secreted from the sweat glands in the dermis aid thermoregulation

A

Evaporation from skin surface results in the loss of thermal energy by radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are melanocytes mostly located

A

The dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of melanocytes

A

Synthesise melanin (skin pigment) to protect skin from UV rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer of skin

A

Hypodermis, innermost and thickest layer of skin that attaches skin to underlying bone and muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the features of the subacutaneous layer

A

consists of fibroblast, connective tissue, larger nerves, blood vessels and macrophages and adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the function of adipocytes in the subcutaneous layer of skin

A

Energy storage and act as an insulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are keratinous filaments

A

Dead keratinised cells that originate in the hair follicles and grow out of the epidermis via the hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the hair root anchored

A

At the hair bulb in the hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the hair shaft

A

The part of the hair not anchored to the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the hair matrix

A

Part containing mitotically active basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the hair papilla

A

Part containing blood capillaries and nerve endings from the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the medulla in hair

A

Forms the central core of the hair and is surrounded by the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the cortex in hair

A

Component that surrounds the medulla and is covered by an outer layer of hard keratinised cells (the cuticle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the cuticle in hair

A

Layer of hard keratinised cells that cover the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What determines hair texture

A

Shape of hair follicle and cortex

32
Q

What provides hair colour

A

Melanocytes in hair papilla

33
Q

What is the function of hair

A

Provides protection from sun, traps dust particles, prevents sweat from entering eyes, enables sensory input to air movement, thermoregulation and communication (more in non humans)

34
Q

How does the hair provide thermoregulation

A

Rare for pili muscle contracts in response to nervous signals to make hair stand up and trap air as insulation

35
Q

What are sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat glands

36
Q

What are the two types of sudoriferous glands

A

Eccrine and apocrine

37
Q

What are eccrine glands

A

Sudoriferous glands that open directly onto the skin surfaces, produce hypotonic sweat and are involved in thermoregulation

38
Q

Where are eccrine glands located

A

All of the body but in highest concentrations in foot soles and palms

39
Q

What are apocrine glands

A

Sudoriferous glands that open onto associated hair follicles, lie deeper in the dermis and include organic compounds to reduce thicker sweat that is susceptible to bacterial decomposition under nervous and hormonal control

40
Q

Where are apocrine glands located

A

Armpits, anogenital, external ear canal and areola

41
Q

Describe the structure of sudoriferous glands

A

Slender coiled tubes embedded deep in the dermis with a secretory glomerulus that is surrounded by myoepithelial cells

42
Q

How is sweat released from sudoriferous glands

A

By exocytosis

43
Q

How does sweat reach the skin from sudoriferous glands

A

Long ducts transport sweat and open on skin surface

44
Q

What does sweat contain

A

Water, salts, antibodies, traces of urea and dermicidin (antimicrobial)

45
Q

What are ceruminous glands

A

Modified apocrine glands found in cartilaginous section of external auditory canal that produce earwax (cerumen)

46
Q

Where are the secretory cells found in ceruminous glands

A

On the myoepithelial cells

47
Q

What is function of ear wax (cerumen)

A

Clean ear canal (aided by jaw movements), protects ear from physical damage and microbial invasion and lubricates the ear canal

48
Q

What are mammary glands

A

Modified sweat glands that produce milk

49
Q

Describe the structure of mammary glands

A

Alveoli, lined with milk secreting epithelial cells, joined together to form lobules that have lactiferous ducts that drain into the nipple

50
Q

What surround the alveoli in mammary glands

A

Myoepithelial cells

51
Q

What is the function of myoepithelial cells in mammary glands

A

Contract to push milk from alveoli towards the nipple

52
Q

How does breastfeeding work

A

The milk collects in sinuses in the ducts of mammary gland,which the baby squeezes the milk out of by sucking

53
Q

How many complex mammary glands do humans have

A

2

54
Q

How many simple glands each complex mammary gland consist of

A

10-20

55
Q

What is a simple mammary gland

A

Milk secreting tissue leading to a single lactiferous ducts

56
Q

What hormones control development of mammary glands

A

Oestrogen

57
Q

What hormones cause the branching a differentiation of duct cells and increase adipose tissue and blood flow to mammary glands during pregnancy

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

58
Q

What hormone inhibits mammary gland development

A

Testosterone

59
Q

What is secreted from the mammary glands in the first few days after birth/end of pregnancy

A

Colostrum (rich in immunoglobulins)

60
Q

What initiates lactation a few days after birth

A

Decrease in progesterone and presence of prolactin (hormonal)

61
Q

What stimulates the contraction of the myoepithelial cells in mammary glands

A

Suckling of baby which released oxytocin

62
Q

What is the nail bed

A

Specialised epidermis at tips of fingers and toes under the nail which is rich in blood vessels

63
Q

What does the nail body consist of

A

Densely packed keratinocytes

64
Q

What is the function of the lateral nail fold

A

Overlaps the nail on sides to help anchor the nail body (nail plate to nail bed)

65
Q

What is ten lunula

A

Crescent shaped thick layer of epithelium over the nail matrix

66
Q

What is the function of the lunula

A

Protects mitotically diving cells that synthesise new nail

67
Q

What is the hyponychium

A

Area beneath the free edge of the nail and underlying skin

68
Q

What are the functions of nails

A

Protects the part of the body that experiences maximal mechanical stress, aids picking up small objects

69
Q

What is the eponychium

A

Nail cuticle

70
Q

What are sebaceous glands

A

Secretory epithelial cells that are attached to hair follicles that consist of multiple acinar cells that converge towards a common secretory duct

71
Q

What is the size of the sebaceous gland inversely proportional to

A

The diameter of hair

72
Q

Where are sebaceous glands found

A

All over body (apart from hands and foot soles) but mainly scalp, face, axillaw and groins

73
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete

A

Oily antimicrobial sebum into the hair follicles

74
Q

What are the functions of sebum

A

Keeps hair dry/ dead keratinised cells soft and pliable, prevents drying cracking of skin, provides waterproofing to surface and has bactericidal and fungicidal properties

75
Q

What stimulates sebum secretion

A

Hormones after puberty

NUT1005 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions