The Integument And Related Structures Flashcards
Epidermis consists of?
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Dermis consists of?
Papillary
Reticulum
Hypodermis consists of?
Subcutaneous layer
5 special features of the Integument system?
Pigmentation
Paw pads
Planum nasale
Ergots
Chestnuts and Cutaneous patches
What causes pigmentation?
Melanin granules
What are the different paw pads?
Carpal, Metacarpal and Digital paw pads
What are the 5 layers of paw pads?
Conical papilla
Stratum corneum
Connective tissue core of Papilla
Epidermis of papilla and the dermis of the footpad
What is the difference between Planum Nasale and Planum Nosolabiale?
Planum Nasale is found in cats, pig, sheep, and dogs and is only composed of 3 epidermal layers
Planum Nosolabiale is found in cows and horses and is commonly called a muzzle
What is the difference between an Ergot and a Chestnut?
Chestnuts are found on the medial side of the leg at the carpus and tarsus.
Ergots are smaller than Chestnuts and are located at the fetlock.
Both Chestnuts and Ergots are found on members of the equine family
Which species has Cutaneous pouches and where are they located?
Infraorbital, Interdigital and Inguinal cutaneous pouches can be found in sheep. These pouches contain hairs and numerous glands that secrete a fatty substance
What are the structures that are related to the Integument system?
Hair
Glands of the skin
Claws and Dewclaws
Hooves and Horns
First phase of hair growth and what happens?
Anagen phase
Active growth for 2-6 years
Second phase of hair growth and what happens?
Catagen phase
Transition phase for 1-2 weeks
Third phase of hair growth and what happens?
Telogen phase
Resting for 5-6 weeks
What happens during the fourth stage of hair growth?
Hair sheds
Final stage of hair growth and what happens?
Return to Anagen
Starts the hair growth process all over again
A small, smooth muscle that pulls hair into an erect position when contracted. These muscles are attached to each hair follicle and tend to react to cold or fear
.Arrector pili muscles
Located in the dermis and releases sebum.
Sebaceous glands
An oily, fatty substance mixed with cell debris
Sebum
AKA, Sweat Glands. Can be found on most domestic species covering the entire body.
Sudoriferous glands
An area abundant in apocrine and sebaceous glands, both of which are reactive to hormones that make them especially active during puberty and estrous. Tail glands are thought to help in animal identification.
Tail glands
Connected to the anus with a small single, duct. The stinky substance produced in anal sacs is expressed during defecation and when an animal gets frightened. They serve to mark, identify and attract a mate.
Anal Sacs
What are the functions of claws?
Maintaining traction, tool for catching prey and defense
Are all claws retractable?
Most animals have non-retractable claws. Cats (except Cheetahs) can retract their claws
What are Dewclaws?
Dewclaws are the remains of digits that have regressed in the course of evolution. In dogs, the dewclaw is the first digit, but actual bones are only found in the forelimbs. In cattle, pigs, and sheep the medial and lateral dewclaws are the second and fifth digits, respectively
Do all Dewclaws contain bones?
No, dogs have actual bones in the dewclaws of their forelimbs and in pigs, both phalangeal and metacarpal bones are both present but not used
Which digits do ruminants stand on?
In ruminants, only the third and fourth digits are weight bearing
How many Hooves do ruminants have?
While ruminants only bear weight on the second and fourth digits, the first and fifth digits are still present as dewclaws, meaning that there are a total of 4 hooves.
Which digit do Equine stand on?
Equine stands on the third digit, similar to the middle finger or toe of a human
What is a Corium?
The corium is a modified dermis
What are the 5 types of Corium in a horse hoof?
Laminar corium
Perioplic corium
Coronary corium
Sole corium
Frog corium
Provides nutrients to the stratum internum and can be found between the hoof wall and third phalanx
Laminar corium
