Immunity Flashcards
Important pathways into the body include the ___ tracts
Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Urinary
Fluids such as ____ flush pathogens from the body
Tears
Saliva
Nasal discharges
Urine
The Spleen contains ___ and ___pulp.
White and Red
The spleen has ___functions and removes old, damaged ____ by the action of ____
Immunologic
Blood cells
Tissue macrophages
Lymph collected from the digestive system is called
Chyle
Submandibular node
Caudal to the mandible
Prescapular node
Cranial to the shoulder
Axillary node
Where the front limb joins the trunk
Inguinal
Near the groin
Popliteal
Distal/Caudal aspect of the hamstring muscles
Small non-encapsulated lymphatic nodules located near mucosal surfaces are referred to as (a)____ abbreviated (b)___. Subcategories of this tissue include (c)___, (d)__, and (e)__
A.) Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
B.) MALT
C.) Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT)
D.) Nose or Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT)
E.) Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
The (a)___immune system is non specific, rapid and present at birth, while the (b)___immune system targets specific organisms and develops and adapts as an animal matures and is exposed to a variety of antigens. This latter system issues what 5 types of cells to provide immunity (c-g)
A.) Innate immune system
B.) Adaptive immune system
C.) Antibodies
D.) Memory cells
E.) Plasma cells
F.) B lymphocytes
G.) T lymphocytes
The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
The signs of inflammation are produced by the release of chemicals that include
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Cytokines
The 4 most common phagocytosis cells are
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
The complement system is a group of plasma proteins that are always present in plasma. They become active in the presence of (a)___ or (b)__. It’s two most important functions are to (c)__ and (d)__
A.) Antigen
B.) Antibody
C.) Trigger inflammation
D.) Alter microbial cell membranes
Act on cells near the cell that secreted them
Paracrine
Travel to other parts of the body and act on cells in that location
Endocrine
Act on the cells that secreted them
Cytokines
3 types of Cytokines
Interleukins
Interferons
Chemokines
___Control especially T and B cell growth, differentiation, and activation
Interleukins
Are produced in response to the presence of viruses, bacteria, cancer and other foreign invaders
Interferons
B cells by secreting a specific antibody also known as (a)___ abbreviated (b)___. These circulate in (c)___(d)___ and (e)___so are most effective in immunity against (f)___
A.) Immunoglobulin
B.) Ig
C.) Blood
D.) Lymph
E.) Tissue fluid
F.) Extracellular pathogens
T cells are found in the (a)___and (b)___. They coordinate (c)___ immunity against Intracellular pathogens and activate (d)___
A. Lymph nodes
B. Spleen
C. Cell-mediated immunity
D. B-cells
IgM description and location
A temporary antibody that disappears within 2 or 3 weeks after the initial infection and is replaced by the IgG antibody. Located in blood and lymph fluid
The body’s first line of defense includes
Skin and acute inflammation
IgG description and location
The smallest but most common antibody, located in blood and extracellular fluid when an animal has been exposed to an antigen for an extended time
IgA description and location
Protect body surfaces from foreign substances, located in the Intestinal tract and lungs
IgE description and location
Binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils, located in blood
IgD description and location
Shown to activate basophils and mass cells but its exact mechanism is unknown, located in nasal and salivary glands
The two main types of vaccines used in veterinary medicine are
Modified live and Killed virus
The five factors that determine the likelihood of a pathogen causing disease
Exposure
Mode of infection
Virulence
Immune system strength
Resistance
Overreaction of the immune system results when
Hypersensitivity
How many hypersensitivity reactions are there
4
Another term for Hives
Urticaria
Hives, edema, hyperptyalism, emesis, dyspnea, diarrhea, cyanosis, shock and potentially death are signs of
Anaphylactic shock
