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BIO172E > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Important pathways into the body include the ___ tracts

A

Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Urinary

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2
Q

Fluids such as ____ flush pathogens from the body

A

Tears
Saliva
Nasal discharges
Urine

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3
Q

The Spleen contains ___ and ___pulp.

A

White and Red

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4
Q

The spleen has ___functions and removes old, damaged ____ by the action of ____

A

Immunologic
Blood cells
Tissue macrophages

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5
Q

Lymph collected from the digestive system is called

A

Chyle

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6
Q

Submandibular node

A

Caudal to the mandible

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7
Q

Prescapular node

A

Cranial to the shoulder

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8
Q

Axillary node

A

Where the front limb joins the trunk

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9
Q

Inguinal

A

Near the groin

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10
Q

Popliteal

A

Distal/Caudal aspect of the hamstring muscles

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11
Q

Small non-encapsulated lymphatic nodules located near mucosal surfaces are referred to as (a)____ abbreviated (b)___. Subcategories of this tissue include (c)___, (d)__, and (e)__

A

A.) Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue
B.) MALT
C.) Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT)
D.) Nose or Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT)
E.) Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

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12
Q

The (a)___immune system is non specific, rapid and present at birth, while the (b)___immune system targets specific organisms and develops and adapts as an animal matures and is exposed to a variety of antigens. This latter system issues what 5 types of cells to provide immunity (c-g)

A

A.) Innate immune system
B.) Adaptive immune system
C.) Antibodies
D.) Memory cells
E.) Plasma cells
F.) B lymphocytes
G.) T lymphocytes

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13
Q

The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain

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14
Q

The signs of inflammation are produced by the release of chemicals that include

A

Histamine
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Cytokines

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15
Q

The 4 most common phagocytosis cells are

A

Neutrophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells

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16
Q

The complement system is a group of plasma proteins that are always present in plasma. They become active in the presence of (a)___ or (b)__. It’s two most important functions are to (c)__ and (d)__

A

A.) Antigen
B.) Antibody
C.) Trigger inflammation
D.) Alter microbial cell membranes

17
Q

Act on cells near the cell that secreted them

A

Paracrine

18
Q

Travel to other parts of the body and act on cells in that location

A

Endocrine

19
Q

Act on the cells that secreted them

A

Cytokines

20
Q

3 types of Cytokines

A

Interleukins
Interferons
Chemokines

21
Q

___Control especially T and B cell growth, differentiation, and activation

A

Interleukins

22
Q

Are produced in response to the presence of viruses, bacteria, cancer and other foreign invaders

A

Interferons

23
Q

B cells by secreting a specific antibody also known as (a)___ abbreviated (b)___. These circulate in (c)___(d)___ and (e)___so are most effective in immunity against (f)___

A

A.) Immunoglobulin
B.) Ig
C.) Blood
D.) Lymph
E.) Tissue fluid
F.) Extracellular pathogens

24
Q

T cells are found in the (a)___and (b)___. They coordinate (c)___ immunity against Intracellular pathogens and activate (d)___

A

A. Lymph nodes
B. Spleen
C. Cell-mediated immunity
D. B-cells

25
Q

IgM description and location

A

A temporary antibody that disappears within 2 or 3 weeks after the initial infection and is replaced by the IgG antibody. Located in blood and lymph fluid

26
Q

The body’s first line of defense includes

A

Skin and acute inflammation

27
Q

IgG description and location

A

The smallest but most common antibody, located in blood and extracellular fluid when an animal has been exposed to an antigen for an extended time

28
Q

IgA description and location

A

Protect body surfaces from foreign substances, located in the Intestinal tract and lungs

29
Q

IgE description and location

A

Binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils, located in blood

30
Q

IgD description and location

A

Shown to activate basophils and mass cells but its exact mechanism is unknown, located in nasal and salivary glands

31
Q

The two main types of vaccines used in veterinary medicine are

A

Modified live and Killed virus

32
Q

The five factors that determine the likelihood of a pathogen causing disease

A

Exposure
Mode of infection
Virulence
Immune system strength
Resistance

33
Q

Overreaction of the immune system results when

A

Hypersensitivity

34
Q

How many hypersensitivity reactions are there

A

4

35
Q

Another term for Hives

A

Urticaria

36
Q

Hives, edema, hyperptyalism, emesis, dyspnea, diarrhea, cyanosis, shock and potentially death are signs of

A

Anaphylactic shock

BIO172E (17 decks)

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