Nervous System

Question 1

Made up of brain and spinal cord
Acts as bodies control center

Answer 1

Central nervous system

Question 2

Made up of all the nerves that carry messages to and from the CNS

CNS and ____work together to make rapid changes in your body in response to stimuli

Answer 2

Peripheral nervous system

Question 3

Relay information between skin, skeletal muscles, and CNS

You consciously control this pathway by deciding whether or not to move muscles

Answer 3

Somatic nervous system

Question 4

Automatic response to stimulus

Answer 4

Reflexes

Question 5

Relay information from CNS to organs

Answer 5

Autonomic nervous system

Question 6

You don’t consciously control these

Answer 6

Involuntary

Question 7

-The basic unit of structure and function in the nervous system

-Cells that conduct impulses

-Made up of dendrites, cell body and axon

Answer 7

Neurons

Question 8

Controls in times of stress, such as the fight or flight response

Answer 8

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

Controls body in times of rest

Answer 9

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 10

Branch-like extensions that receive impulses and carry them toward cell body

Answer 10

Dendrites

Question 11

Single extension of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body

Answer 11

Axon

Question 12

What are the three types of neurons

Answer 12

Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons

Question 13

Found within brain and spinal cord, process incoming impulses and pass them onto motor neurons

Answer 13

Interneurons

Question 14

Carry impulses from inside and outside the body to brain and spinal cord

Answer 14

Sensory neurons

Question 15

Carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord

Answer 15

Motor neurons

Question 16

How is an impulse transmitted?

Answer 16

-Stimulus excites sensory neurons

-Depolarization (a change in charge due to sodium ions) creates a wave of changing charges down the axon

-Impulse moves across a synapse (tiny space between one neurons axon and another dendrite) with the help of neurotransmitters

Question 17

What are the 3 main sections of the brain?

Answer 17

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

Question 18

2 Hemispheres called the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Controls memory, intelligence, muscles, activities and language

Wrinkled with countless folds and grooves and covered with an outer layer of gray matter called the cerebral cortex

Divided into 4 lobes

The biggest part of the brain

Top part of the brain

Answer 18

Cerebrum

Question 19

Controls balance, posture, and coordination

Muscle coordination is developed here as well as the memory of physical skills
If the Cerebellum is injured, your movements become jerky

When you see an amazing athlete perform, you are watching a well-trained ____ at work

Answer 19

Cerebellum

Question 20

Controls involuntary activities such as breathing

Made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Medulla oblongata controls involuntary activities such as heart rate and breathing

Pons and midbrain act as pathways connecting various ports of the brain with each other

Sometimes called the reptilian brain, because it resembles the entire brain of a reptile

Answer 20

Brainstem

Question 21

What are the 3 smaller parts of the brain stem?

Answer 21

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 22

Name for the Forebrain

Answer 22

Porsencephalon

Question 23

Name for the Midbrain

Answer 23

Mesencephalon

Question 24

Name for the Hindbrain

Answer 24

Rhombencephalon

Question 25

The forebrain becomes the ____

Answer 25

Cerebrum

Question 26

The midbrain stays the

Answer 26

Midbrain

Question 27

The hindbrain becomes these three things

Answer 27

Pons Medulla Cerebellum

Question 28

What are the 2 types of structures pf the Peripheral nervous system

Answer 28

Nerves Ganglion (singular) or Ganglia (Plural)

Question 29

What is Ganglia/Ganglion

Answer 29

Lumps that are attached to nerves and they contain the somas of neurons

Question 30

Carry information in to the central nervous system

Answer 30

Afferent neurons

Question 31

Carry information away from the central nervous system

Answer 31

Efferent neurons

Question 32

Nerves that exit the skull or cranium

Answer 32

Cranial nerves

Question 33

Come out of the spinal cord and pass through the spine on their way between the CNS and the periphery

Answer 33

Spinal nerves

Question 34

Another name for a nerve Typically laid out end to end

Answer 34

Neuron

Question 35

Three main parts of a neuron

Answer 35

Dendrite Soma Schwann cells

Question 36

AKA, Cell Body, it contains all of the organelles including the mitochondria, ER and lots of Ribosomes. It organizes all of the signals.

Answer 36

Soma

Question 37

Make myelin which prevents the signal from degrading and allows the signal to travel faster than it would without the violet present

Answer 37

Schwann Cells

Question 38

Spaces between the Schwann cells

Answer 38

Nodes of the Ranvier

Question 39

Sends the signal

Answer 39

Presynaptic neuron

Question 40

Receives the signal and carries it on

Answer 40

Postsynaptic neuron

Question 41

Transmit the signal through the nervous system (NT's)

Answer 41

Neurotransmitters

Question 42

What are some types of Neurotransmitters?

Answer 42

Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Norepinephrine

Question 43

Another term for separation of charge. Measures how much charge seperation is present

Answer 43

Resting Potential

Question 44

very high inside the cell and very low outside the cell

Answer 44

Potassium

Question 45

Very high outside the cell and very low inside the cell

Answer 45

Sodium

Question 46

Both ___ and ___ feel an electrical charge attracting these positively charged ions towards the negative inside of the cell and they each feel a concentration force where they’re being pushed from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration

Answer 46

Potassium and Sodium

Question 47

is pushed out by it’s concentration force but pushed in by it’s electrical force because it’s attracted to the negative inside of the cell

Answer 47

Potassium

Question 48

feels an inward electrical force attracted to the negative inside of the cell and an inward concentration force because it has a higher concentration outside than inside

Answer 48

Sodium

Question 49

Serves as a passage way between the brainstem and the cerebrum

Answer 49

Diencephalon

Question 50

Separates the Cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres

Answer 50

Longitudinal fissures

Question 51

Receive information from the olfactory (sense of smell) nerves, then send the impulses to the cerebrum via the olfactory tracts

Answer 51

Olfactory bulbs

Question 52

The hills or ridges on the surface of the Cerebrum

Answer 52

Gyril

Question 53

The shallow depressions in the surface of the Cerebrum between the gyri

Answer 53

Sulci

Question 54

Made up of nerve fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres

Answer 54

Corpus Callosum

Question 55

The only extremely visible part of the Diencephalon

Answer 55

Pituitary gland

Question 56

A relay station for regulating sensory inputs to the cerebrum

Answer 56

Thalmus

Question 57

A bridge between the nervous systems and endocrine system

Answer 57

Hypothalamus

Question 58

Contains most of the neuron cell bodies and it is where many nerve impulses are initiated. Gray matter appears brownish-gray grossly.

Answer 58

Gray Matter

Question 59

Consists mainly of myelinated nerve fibers–it is the “wiring” that carries impulses in and out of the gray matter. The myelin sheath that covers the nerve fibers gives white matter a very pale whitish color grossly

Answer 59

White Matter