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BIO172E > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Made up of brain and spinal cord
Acts as bodies control center

A

Central nervous system

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2
Q

Made up of all the nerves that carry messages to and from the CNS

CNS and ____work together to make rapid changes in your body in response to stimuli

A

Peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

Relay information between skin, skeletal muscles, and CNS

You consciously control this pathway by deciding whether or not to move muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

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4
Q

Automatic response to stimulus

A

Reflexes

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5
Q

Relay information from CNS to organs

A

Autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

You don’t consciously control these

A

Involuntary

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7
Q

-The basic unit of structure and function in the nervous system

-Cells that conduct impulses

-Made up of dendrites, cell body and axon

A

Neurons

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8
Q

Controls in times of stress, such as the fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

Controls body in times of rest

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

Branch-like extensions that receive impulses and carry them toward cell body

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

Single extension of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

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12
Q

What are the three types of neurons

A

Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons

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13
Q

Found within brain and spinal cord, process incoming impulses and pass them onto motor neurons

A

Interneurons

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14
Q

Carry impulses from inside and outside the body to brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory neurons

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15
Q

Carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord

A

Motor neurons

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16
Q

How is an impulse transmitted?

A

-Stimulus excites sensory neurons

-Depolarization (a change in charge due to sodium ions) creates a wave of changing charges down the axon

-Impulse moves across a synapse (tiny space between one neurons axon and another dendrite) with the help of neurotransmitters

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17
Q

What are the 3 main sections of the brain?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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18
Q

2 Hemispheres called the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Controls memory, intelligence, muscles, activities and language

Wrinkled with countless folds and grooves and covered with an outer layer of gray matter called the cerebral cortex

Divided into 4 lobes

The biggest part of the brain

Top part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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19
Q

Controls balance, posture, and coordination

Muscle coordination is developed here as well as the memory of physical skills
If the Cerebellum is injured, your movements become jerky

When you see an amazing athlete perform, you are watching a well-trained ____ at work

A

Cerebellum

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20
Q

Controls involuntary activities such as breathing

Made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Medulla oblongata controls involuntary activities such as heart rate and breathing

Pons and midbrain act as pathways connecting various ports of the brain with each other

Sometimes called the reptilian brain, because it resembles the entire brain of a reptile

A

Brainstem

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21
Q

What are the 3 smaller parts of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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22
Q

Name for the Forebrain

A

Porsencephalon

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23
Q

Name for the Midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

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24
Q

Name for the Hindbrain

A

Rhombencephalon

25
Q

The forebrain becomes the ____

A

Cerebrum

26
Q

The midbrain stays the

A

Midbrain

27
Q

The hindbrain becomes these three things

A

Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

28
Q

What are the 2 types of structures pf the Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves
Ganglion (singular) or Ganglia (Plural)

29
Q

What is Ganglia/Ganglion

A

Lumps that are attached to nerves and they contain the somas of neurons

30
Q

Carry information in to the central nervous system

A

Afferent neurons

31
Q

Carry information away from the central nervous system

A

Efferent neurons

32
Q

Nerves that exit the skull or cranium

A

Cranial nerves

33
Q

Come out of the spinal cord and pass through the spine on their way between the CNS and the periphery

A

Spinal nerves

34
Q

Another name for a nerve

Typically laid out end to end

A

Neuron

35
Q

Three main parts of a neuron

A

Dendrite
Soma
Schwann cells

36
Q

AKA, Cell Body, it contains all of the organelles including the mitochondria, ER and lots of Ribosomes. It organizes all of the signals.

A

Soma

37
Q

Make myelin which prevents the signal from degrading and allows the signal to travel faster than it would without the violet present

A

Schwann Cells

38
Q

Spaces between the Schwann cells

A

Nodes of the Ranvier

39
Q

Sends the signal

A

Presynaptic neuron

40
Q

Receives the signal and carries it on

A

Postsynaptic neuron

41
Q

Transmit the signal through the nervous system (NT’s)

A

Neurotransmitters

42
Q

What are some types of Neurotransmitters?

A

Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine

43
Q

Another term for separation of charge. Measures how much charge seperation is present

A

Resting Potential

44
Q

very high inside the cell and very low outside the cell

A

Potassium

45
Q

Very high outside the cell and very low inside the cell

A

Sodium

46
Q

Both ___ and ___ feel an electrical charge attracting these positively charged ions towards the negative inside of the cell and they each feel a concentration force where they’re being pushed from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration

A

Potassium and Sodium

47
Q

is pushed out by it’s concentration force but pushed in by it’s electrical force because it’s attracted to the negative inside of the cell

A

Potassium

48
Q

feels an inward electrical force attracted to the negative inside of the cell and an inward concentration force because it has a higher concentration outside than inside

A

Sodium

49
Q

Serves as a passage way between the brainstem and the cerebrum

A

Diencephalon

50
Q

Separates the Cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres

A

Longitudinal fissures

51
Q

Receive information from the olfactory (sense of smell) nerves, then send the impulses to the cerebrum via the olfactory tracts

A

Olfactory bulbs

52
Q

The hills or ridges on the surface of the Cerebrum

A

Gyril

53
Q

The shallow depressions in the surface of the Cerebrum between the gyri

A

Sulci

54
Q

Made up of nerve fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

55
Q

The only extremely visible part of the Diencephalon

A

Pituitary gland

56
Q

A relay station for regulating sensory inputs to the cerebrum

A

Thalmus

57
Q

A bridge between the nervous systems and endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

58
Q

Contains most of the neuron cell bodies and it is where many nerve impulses are initiated. Gray matter appears brownish-gray grossly.

A

Gray Matter

59
Q

Consists mainly of myelinated nerve fibers–it is the “wiring” that carries impulses in and out of the gray matter. The myelin sheath that covers the nerve fibers gives white matter a very pale whitish color grossly

A

White Matter

BIO172E (17 decks)

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