The Immune System Flashcards
What are the two main types of immune hypersensitivity?
Allergy, and autoimmune disease. (Think rheumatoid arthritis)
Define cytokine storm.
- Systematic inflammatory response due to abnormally high levels of cytokines.
Or - When body reacts so strongly to a pathogen (or immune system thinks it’s a pathogen) that the whole body responds very violently which can lead to organ failure and death.
Define cytokine
Immune signaling molecule.
Explain how vaccines work in 4 steps.
1. Injection
2. Immune response to that in the moment
3. Immune response after.
4. Immune response when in use again.
Explain how mRNA vaccine work. Part 1: The set up
Explain how mRNA vaccine work. Part 2: what happens directly after the set up? (First immune response)
Explain how mRNA vaccine work. Part 3: the secondary immune response and set up for the finale.
Explain how mRNA vaccine work. Part 4: The attack
Damage may be taken in 2 forms in which both the immune system responds to. What are those two general categories? What are specific examples?
What are the active components of the immune system? (2)
White blood cells and Secreted substances
Define immune effectors.
stuff that does stuff to attack pathogens → the immune system’s specialists in violence
What are the 4 steps in the immune response. (Step 3 technically 2 different things!)
In terms of timing of response, how quickly do these levels of immunity respond.
Barriers
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
There are three types of barriers in the immune system. What are they and give examples of each of them.
There are two categories of innate immunity. What are they and give examples of each.
There are two categories of adaptive immunity immune response. What are those categories and give examples of each.
Explain at least 3 differences between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
What is the key distinction?
Match the arrows to:
T cell receptors
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Memory cells
Specific immunity
Phagocytes
Explain how innate and adaptive immunity work together.
Immune cells are what type of cell? (Broad)
Name the 3 type of lymphocytes. Hint: lymphocytes are adaptive immunity. (Except 1… in this class)
Name the three types of granulocytes. (2 do the same thing for our purpose)
Name the 3(technically 4), phagocytes.
Monocytes: are in the circulation; they differentiate as macrophages or dendritic cells when they exit the circulation and enter the tissues
macrophages: are large phagocytes that reside in tissues and scavenge debris
Dendritic cells: they ingest pathogens in tissues then travel to lymph nodes
Explain phagocytosis (3 steps)
Define apoptosis.
Programmed cell death
What do NK cells do (are “looking for”)?
How do they do it? (What mechanism do they use to identify target)
Define what the C-reactive protein is. And how it works.
Generally bind and help phagocytes respond to the pathogen.
What are the two main soluble factors we’ve learned about?
C-reactive protien and Histamine, (and complement but they kinda require other factors)
Define what an Opsonin is.
Histamine is a soluble factor:
How is Histamine released?
What is it?
What does it promote?
Complement is a soluble factor:
Where is it produced?
How is it activated?
What does it do when activated?
What are signs of inflammation?
What is chemically going on in the pathway to incite inflammation? 4 steps.
Summary slide:
