Glomerular Filtration Flashcards
What step is Glomerular filtration in the ________?
1st step.
In the nephron (in the kidneys)
What is the broad overview of Glomerular filtration?
Define the 2 surfaces to Bowman’s capsule. What do they consist of and their location?
How are podocytes configured relative to the capillary?
The podocytes completely encapsulate the capillary.
Very intertwined and multiple pdocyte knitting.
What are the layers from capillary to lumen of the bowman’s capsule that a molecule must go through to be filtrated. Hint: 3
Think of basement membrane as having been connected to 2 differ epithelium. 1st the capillary endothelium, and 2nd the podocytes (consider them as making an epithelial layer).
Capillary-Fenestration-glomerular basement membrane-slit diaphragm-bowman’s space.
So what gets filtered by Glomerular filtration, what doesn’t?
Does: water, small mold is solved in plasma.
Doesn’t: cells, proteins.
Define what Proteinuria is.
When protien appears in the urine, disease state. Happens when proteins are able to get filtered into urine, should NOT happen.
What barriers are there in the filtration membrane to prevent smaller proteins(like albumin, ubiquitous in plasma) from getting filtered? (Hint: 4)
- Proteins tend to be negatively charged, so glycocalyx structure is negative itself to repulse.
4th concept (purple) more detail in another flash card).
How do podocytes specifically contribute to maintaining functional integrity of the filtration membrane and keep small proteins out?
Why can’t I just increase my protein intake if I have Proteinuria to fix it? What common disorders (3) can cause it?
How does hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure differ in the filtration of the glomerular?
Hydrostatic pressure is super high!
Why is the pressure in the glomerular capillaries so high?
What are typical Glomerular filtration rates?
Given that a major determinant of GFR is glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, you might expect GFR to change with changes in blood pressure.
But it doesn’t. Why? (2 mechanisms)
Renal auto regulation: the kidney regulates its pressure itself.
Explain how myogenic response is responsible for renal autoregulation?
Afferent arterial is the gate keeper: regulating pressure by either squeezing down or opening. Myo=muscle(smooth). Stretch sensitive ion channels in muscle. High blood pressure= open ion channels… (pic)
Explain how tubuloglomerular feedback response is responsible for renal autoregulation?
Feedback loop!
Where and what is the macula densa? What about the Afferent arteriole?
Part of tubule from same nephron. Macula densa: senses flow/saltiness
How is GFR regulated by the sympathetic nervous system?
Losing blood= stop filtering to save blood!
At what Mean arterial blood pressure range (0-200 mmHg) does which regulation factors operate? 1. Renal autoregulation 2. Sympathetic nervous system input.
Besides those dependent on mean arterial pressure, what are 2 other factors regulating GFR?
How do we measure GFR?
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