Action Potienal Conduction; Synaptic Transmisson Flashcards
Test:
How can action potentials conduct long distances without losing energy?
Because the depolarization due to the action potential causes local current flow in the axon.
Explain the conduction of action potential.
Why do we not have to worry about action potentials going back from where it came from?
Refractory period!
Explain the difference between graded potential conduction vs. action potential conduction.
What are the two factors that affect action potential conduction velocity?
Define the role myelin plays in neurons.
Define what the nodes of Ranvier is.
Define saltatory conduction.
When the action potentials jump from node to node as it conducts along the axon.
(Ex. In myelinated neurons)
Memorize:
Define what proprioceptors are and what neurons they interact with.
What are the two demyelinating disorders we need to know so far?
Multiple Sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Explain broadly how demyelination disorder is a problem.
What do we need to know about multiple sclerosis?
What do we need to know about Guillain-Barré syndrome?
PNS-Perphrial nervous system.
We know action potentials are an all or nothing stimulus. So how do we code variety for stimulus strength of action potentials?
The frequency.
What are the two kinds of synapses?
Chemical and Electrical.
Explain how electrical synapses work and why they are important.
They use gap junction channels to allow flow of voltage between cells.
Very important for cardiovascular cells!
Cells linked by gap junctions are said to be ___________. Why is this important?
Electrical coupled.
Exocytosis of neurotransmitters at a chemical synapse depends on what?
On local increase in Ca++. (Acts as a second messenger)
What does Botulinum toxin do? (Aka Botox)
Define astrocytes.
Supporting cells all around the neuron.
What are the two main ways neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft to terminate activity? What is the one special case we’ve learned about?
Is this a fast or slow process?
