The Human Spark Flashcards
Might is right
Might make right
Phrase:
Those who are powerful can do what they wish unchallenged, even if their action is in fact unjustified (حق با قدرت است، حتی در زمانی که اعمالش ناحق باشد).
“He believed that might was right and woe betide anyone who stood in his way”.
Porcine
/ˈpɔːr.saɪn/
Adjective:
Of, affecting, or resembling a pig or pigs (خوکی، خوک‌سان، خوک‌مانند).
“His flushed, porcine features”.
Clout
/klaʊt/
Noun:
A heavy blow with the hand or a hard object (ضربه محکم).
“A clout round the ear”.
Influence or power, especially in politics or business (نفوذ سیاسی یا اقتصادی).
“I knew she carried a lot of clout”.
Verb:
Hit (someone or something) hard (محکم ضربه زدن).
“I clouted him round the head”.
Evanescent
/ˌev.əˈnes.ənt/
Adjective:
Soon passing out of sight, memory, or existence; quickly fading or disappearing (زودگذر، گذرا، محوشونده).
“The evanescent Arctic summer”.
Denoting a field or wave which extends into a region where it cannot propagate and whose amplitude therefore decreases with distance (ناپایدار، ناپایا).
Every nook and cranny
/nʊk/ - /ˈkræn.i/
Phrase:
Every part or aspect of something (گوشه و کنار).
“The party reached into every nook and cranny of people’s lives”.
Nook: کنج، گوشه.
Cranny: شکاف، درز.
Unbridled
/ʌnˈbraɪ.dəld/
Adjective:
Uncontrolled; unconstrained (افسار گسیخته، بی‌لگام).
“A moment of unbridled ambition”.
Unbridle
Verb:
Remove the bridle from (a horse) (باز کردن افسار اسب).
“He unbridled his mare and let her roam”.
Free (someone or something) from control or restraint (از بند رهانیدن).
“She was ready to burst for want of an opportunity of unbridling her tongue”.
Zealot
/ˈzel.ət/
Noun:
A person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political, or other ideals (فدایی، غیرتمند، متعصب، جان بر کف).
“A religious zealot”.
Monstrosity
/mɑːnˈstrɑː.sə.t̬i/
Noun:
A thing, especially a building, which is very large and unsightly (عظیم، غول‌پیکری، پیل‌پیکری).
“The shopping centre, a multi-storey monstrosity of raw concrete”.
A thing which is outrageously evil or wrong (نابکاری، دیوسیرتی، خباثت).
“How could anyone be capable of such monstrosities?”
Humdrum
/ˈhʌm.drʌm/
Adjective:
Lacking excitement or variety; boringly monotonous (کسل‌کننده، یکنواخت، خسته‌کننده).
“Humdrum routine work”.
Monotonous routine (رویه‌ی یکنواخت و کسالت‌بار).
“An escape from the humdrum of his life”.
Iota
/aɪˈoʊ.t̬ə/
Noun:
The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet ( Ι, ι ), transliterated as ‘i’ (آیوتا، نهمین حرف الفبای یونانی).
An extremely small amount (ذره، مقدار بسیار کم و اندک).
“Nothing she said seemed to make an iota of difference”.
Dogma
/ˈdɑːɡ.mə/
A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true; a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts (اصول اعتقادی، دُگم، عقیده و باور دینی، تعصب اعتقادی و مذهبی، عقاید).
“The dogmas of faith”.
Compose
/kəmˈpoʊz/
Verb:
Write or create (a work of art, especially music or poetry) (سرودن، سراییدن، اثر هنری خلق کردن، موسیقی خلق کردن).
“He composed the First Violin Sonata four years earlier”.
(Of elements) constitute or make up (a whole, or a specified part of it) (تشکیل شدن، ترکیب شدن، ساخته شده از).
“The National Congress is composed of ten senators”.
Calm or settle (oneself or one’s features or thoughts) (خود را آرام کردن، به خود آرامش دادن).
“She tried to compose herself”.
Winding
/ˈwaɪn.dɪŋ/
Noun:
A twisting movement or course (پیچ و تاب، پیچ و خم، پیچ، مارپیچ، پیچیده).
“The windings of the stream”.
Adjective:
Following a twisting or spiral course (پیچیدن، تابیدن).
“Our bedroom was at the top of a winding staircase”.
Devoid
/dɪˈvɔɪd/
Adjective:
Entirely lacking or free from (فاقد، بدون، عاری، تهی).
“Lisa kept her voice devoid of emotion”.
Square (something) with something
/skwer/
Phrase:
To match or agree with something, or to think that one thing is acceptable together with another thing (منطبق بودن چیزی با چیزی دیگر، جور بودن یا جور در آمدن).
“Her story doesn’t quite square with the evidence”.
Reflect
/rɪˈflekt/
Verb:
(Of a surface or body) throw back (heat, light, or sound) without absorbing it (بازتابیدن).
“When the sun’s rays hit the Earth a lot of the heat is reflected back into space”.
Embody or represent (something) in a faithful or appropriate way (مبیِّن، مظهر یا تجسم چیزی بودن).
“Schools should reflect cultural differences”.
Think deeply or carefully about (غور کردن، عمیقا تفکر کردن).
“He reflected with sadness on the unhappiness of his marriage”.
(Of an action or situation) bring credit or discredit to the relevant parties (باعث افزایش یا کاهش اعتبار چیزی شدن).
“The incident reflects badly on the operating practices of the airlines”.
Deplete
/dɪˈpliːt/
Verb:
Use up the supply or resources of (تهی کردن، مصرف کردن، خالی کردن).
“Reservoirs have been depleted by years of drought”.
Diminish in number or quantity (کاهش دادن، کاستن، کم کردن).
“Supplies are depleting fast”.
Opprobrium
/əˈproʊ.bri.əm/
Noun:
Harsh criticism or censure (سرزنش، انتقاد شدید و کوبنده، ملامت، نکوهش).
“International opprobrium has been heaped on the country following its attack on its neighbors”.
Public disgrace arising from shameful conduct (فضاحت، خفَّت، ننگ، رسوایی).
“The opprobrium of being closely associated with gangsters”.
Uphold
/ʌpˈhoʊld/
Verb:
Confirm or support (something which has been questioned) (حمایت کردن، اثبات کردن، معتبر دانستن، حفظ کردن).
“The court upheld his claim for damages”.
Maintain (a custom or practice) (حفظ آداب، سنن، رویه‌ها و روندها).
“They uphold a tradition of not causing distress to living creatures”.
Automaton
/ɑːˈtɑː.mə.t̬ən/
Noun:
Plural noun: Automata
A moving mechanical device made in imitation of a human being (رباط انسان‌نما).
“A collection of 19th century French automata: acrobats, clowns, and musicians”.
A machine which performs a range of functions according to a predetermined set of coded instructions (دستگاه خودکار).
“Sophisticated automatons continue to run factory assembly lines”.
Used in comparisons to refer to a person who seems to act in a mechanical or unemotional way (رباط‌وار، رباطی، مثل رباط).
“Like an automaton, she walked to the door”.
Maintain
/meɪnˈteɪn/
Verb:
Cause or enable (a condition or situation) to continue (نگه‌داشتن، حفظ کردن).
“The need to maintain close links between industry and schools”.
Keep (something) at the same level or rate (در حالت فعلی نگه‌داشتن).
“Agricultural prices will have to be maintained”.
Keep (a building, machine, or road) in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly (نگه‌داری کردن، مراقبت کردن).
“The Department for Transport is responsible for maintaining the main roads in England”.
Provide with necessities for life or existence (تدارک ملزومات).
“The allowance covers the basic costs of maintaining a child”.
Keep (a military unit) supplied with equipment and other requirements (تامین مایحتاج نظامی).
“An English garrison was maintained there in the seventeenth century”.
State something strongly to be the case; assert (بیان کردن، اظهار کردن، مدعی بودن).
“He has always maintained his innocence”.
Akin
/əˈkɪn/
Adjective:
Of similar nature or character (یکسان، مشابه).
“Something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her”.
Scruple
/ˈskruː.pəl/
Noun:
A feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to the morality or propriety of a course of action (شک، تردید، بیم، ابا، دودلی).
“I had no scruples about eavesdropping”.
Verb:
Hesitate or be reluctant to do something that one thinks may be wrong (تردید داشتن، ابا داشتن).
“She doesn’t scruple to ask her parents for money”.
Conveyor
/kənˈveɪ.ɚ/
Noun:
A person or thing that transports or communicates something (حامل، نقال).
“A conveyor of information”.
A conveyor belt (تسمه نقاله).
Congeries
/kɒnˈdʒəriːz/
Noun:
A disorderly collection; a jumble (آشفته بازار، بازار شام، خروار).
“On the floor, a congeries of old newspapers piled up like a mountain”.
Eponymous
/ɪˈpɑː.nə.məs/
Adjective:
(Of a person) giving their name to something (نام‌گذاری چیزی با نام خود، هم‌نام).
“The eponymous hero of the novel”.
(Of a thing) named after a particular person or group (چیزی که از روی شخص خاصی نام‌گذاری شده).
“Their eponymous debut LP”.
Intricate
/ˈɪn.trə.kət/
Adjective:
Very complicated or detailed (پیچیده، بغرنج، تو در تو).
“An intricate network of canals”.
Dumbfound
/ˌdʌmˈfaʊn.d/
Verb:
Greatly astonish or amaze; dumbstruck (بهت‌زده کردن، مبهوت کردن، حیران کردن).
“I was dumbfounded by the low prices there”.
Flawed
/flɑːd/
Adjective:
Having or characterized by a fundamental weakness or imperfection (ناقص، معیوب).
“A fatally flawed strategy”.
(Of a person) having a weakness in character (شخصیت ناقص).
“A flawed hero”
Analogy
/əˈnæl.ə.dʒi/
Noun:
A comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification (قیاس، مقایسه، تشبیه، هم‌سانی، شباهت).
“An analogy between the workings of nature and those of human societies”.
Tangible
/ˈtæn.dʒə.bəl/
Adjective:
Perceptible by touch (ملموس، محسوس، مشهود، مشخص، بارز).
“The atmosphere of neglect and abandonment was almost tangible”.
Noun:
A thing that is perceptible by touch (ملموس).
“These are the only tangibles upon which an assessment can be made”.
Tang: مزه، طعم.
Edge
/edʒ/
Noun:
The outside limit of an object, area, or surface (لبه، مرز، حاشیه، یال، کناره).
“A willow tree at the water’s edge”.
The sharpened side of the blade of a cutting implement or weapon (لبه‌ی تیز، تیغه).
“A knife with a razor-sharp edge”.
Verb:
Provide with a border or edge (مرزدار کردن، حاشیه‌دار کردن).
“The pool is edged with paving”.
Move or cause to move gradually or furtively* in a particular direction (تدریجی و مخفیانه حرکت کردن).
“She tried to edge away from him”.
*furtively: نامحسوس، مخفیانه.
Blimey
/ˈblaɪ.mi/
Exclamation: حرف ندا
Used to express surprise, excitement, or alarm (ای وای، برای ابراز شگفت‌زدگی، هیجان یا هشدار به کار می‌رود).
“Blimey! How on earth did she say that to you without a blush?”
Coalesce
/koʊ.əˈles/
Verb:
Come together to form one mass or whole (یکی شدن، یک‌پارچه شدن).
“The puddles had coalesced into shallow streams”.
Combine (elements) in a mass or whole (ادغام کردن، ائتلاف کردن).
“His idea served to coalesce all that happened into one connected whole”.
Perplex
/pɚˈpleks/
Verb:
Make (someone) feel completely baffled (مبهوت کردن، سردرگم کردن، متحیر شدن، گیج شدن).
“She was perplexed by her husband’s moodiness”.
Conjuncture
/kənˈdʒʌŋk.tʃɚ/
Noun:
A combination of events happening at the same time (تلاقی، هم‌زمانی رویدادها و شرایط).
“The happy conjuncture of two facts” (هم‌زمانی خوش‌یمن دو رویداد).
A state of affairs (وضعیت امور و رویدادها، شرایط، حالات).
“The wider political conjuncture”.
A critical situation (وضعیت بحرانی).
“The current economic conjuncture is very challenging for many businesses”.
Lacuna
/ləˈkjuː.nə/
Noun:
An unfilled space; a gap (حفره، جای خالی، نقطه‌ی ابهام، حذف شدگی).
“The journal has filled a lacuna in Middle Eastern studies”.
ANATOMY
A cavity or depression, especially in bone (فرورفتگی در استخوان، مغاکچه).
Whether
/ˈwɪð.ɚ/
Adverb:
To what place or state (به جایی که، به کجا).
“Whither are we bound?”
What is the likely future of (آینده‌ی محتمل چیست؟).
“Whither modern architecture?”
To which (with reference to a place) (جایی که).
“The barbecue had been set up by the lake, whither Matthew and Sara were conducted”.
To whatever place; wherever (هرکجا که، هر جایی که).
“We could drive whither we pleased”.
Forebear
/ˈfɔːr.ber/
Noun:
An ancestor (جد، نیا، پیشین).
“Generations of his forebears had lived in London” (جد اندر جدش در لندن زندگی می‌کردند.).
Whence
/wens/
Adverb:
From what place or source (از کجا).
“Whence do they derive those powers?”
From which; from where (از آنجایی که، از محلی که، که از آن، که از آنجا).
“The Ural mountains, whence the ore is procured”.
Adrenal glands
/əˈdriː.nəl/ /ɡlænd/
Anatomy:
A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions (غدد فوق کلیوی).
Adrenal: کلیوی.
Gland: غده، هر عضو ترشح کننده.
Motor centre
/ˈmoʊ.t̬ɚ/ /ˈsen.t̬ɚ/
Anatomy:
The motor cortex or motor center is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements (قشر حرکتی مغز).
Secretion
/sɪˈkriː.ʃən/
Noun:
A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion (ترشح، تراوش).
“Alcohol had a stimulatory effect on gastric acid secretion”.
Contemplate
/ˈkɑːn.t̬əm.pleɪt/
Verb:
Look thoughtfully for a long time at (اندیشیدن، تفکر کردن).
“He contemplated his image in the mirrors”.
Think about (فکر کردن درباره‌ی).
“She couldn’t even begin to contemplate the future”.
Think deeply and at length (غور کردن).
“He sat morosely contemplating”.
Encapsulate
/ɪnˈkæp.sjə.leɪt/
Verb:
Express the essential features of (something) succinctly (لُب مطلب را بیان کردن، مخلص کلام را گفتن).
“The conclusion is encapsulated in one sentence”.
Enclose (something) in or as if in a capsule (در کپسول قرار دادن یا محفوظ کردن).
“The company would encapsulate the asbestos waste in concrete pellets”.
Conjure
/ˈkʌn.dʒɚ/
Verb:
Cause (a spirit or ghost) to appear by means of a magic ritual (ارواح یا اجنه را احضار کردن و فراخواندن).
“They hoped to conjure up the spirit of their dead friend”.
Make (something) appear unexpectedly or seemingly from nowhere (شعبده‌بازی کردن، تردستی کردن).
“Anne conjured up a delicious home-made hotpot”.
(Of a word, sound, smell, etc.) cause someone to think of (something) (چیزی سبب یادآوری چیزی دیگر شود).
“A special tune that conjures up a particular time and place”.
Phrase:
Conjure something up — To make a picture or idea appear in someone’s mind (در ذهن تداعی و تصور کردن).
“For some people, the word “England” may still conjure up images of pretty gardens and tea parties”.
Platonic
/pləˈtɑː.nɪk/
Adjective:
(Of love or friendship) intimate and affectionate but not sexual (عشق افلاطونی، عشق پاک فارق از امور جنسی).
“Their relationship is purely platonic”.
Of or associated with the Greek philosopher Plato or his ideas (افلاطونی).
“Readers of the Platonic dialogues”.
Confined to words, theories, or ideals, and not leading to practical action (افکار و کلمات بی‌عمل و بدون اقدام عملی).
“A Platonic gesture”.
Digression
/daɪˈɡreʃ.ən/
Noun:
A temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing (انحراف، گریز کوتاه).
“Let’s return to the main topic after that brief digression”.
Abracadabra
/ˌæb.rə.kəˈdæb.rə/
Noun:
A word said by conjurors when performing a magic trick (ورد، سحر و جادو، طلسم).
Language used to give the impression of arcane knowledge or power (جادو جمبل).
“I get so fed up with all the mumbo jumbo and abracadabra”.
The implausibly easy performance of difficult feats (انجام جادویی کارهای سخت).
“The creation of profits was a marvellous bit of abracadabra”.
Replete
/rɪˈpliːt/
Adjective:
Filled or well-supplied with something (پر، مملو، لبالب).
“Sensational popular fiction, replete with adultery and sudden death”.
Very full of or sated by food (سیر سیر، شکم پر).
“I went out into the sun-drenched streets again, replete and relaxed”.
Discard
/dɪˈskɑːrd/
Verb:
Get rid of (someone or something) as no longer useful or desirable (دور انداختن).
“Hilary bundled up the clothes she had discarded”.
Noun:
A thing rejected as no longer useful or desirable (مطرود، به درد نخور).
Postulate
/ˈpɑːs.tʃə.leɪt/
Verb:
Suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief (فرض کردن، پنداشتن، مستلزم بودن، مبنا قرار دادن).
“His theory postulated a rotatory movement for hurricanes”.
(In ecclesiastical law) nominate or elect (someone) to an ecclesiastical office subject to the sanction of a higher authority (انتصاب یا کاندیدای شخصی برای منصبی کلیسایی).
“The chapter was then allowed to postulate the bishop of Bath”.
Noun:
A thing suggested or assumed as true as the basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief (فرض، ادعا، شرط لازم، لازمه).
“Perhaps the postulate of Babylonian influence on Greek astronomy is incorrect”.
Empirical
/emˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/
Adjective:
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic (تجربی، بر اساس مشاهده، آروینی).
“They provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument”.
Peer
/pɪr/
Verb:
Look with difficulty or concentration at someone or something (زل زدن، بِربِر نگاه کردن، چشم دوختن، خیره شدن).
“Faye peered at her with suspicion”.
Be just visible (قابل رویت بودن، نمایان شدن).
“The towers peer over the roofs”.
Make or become equal with (برابر شدن یا کردن، همتا شدن).
“The Thames could not peer with the mill-streamlet close to my home”.
Noun:
A member of the nobility in Britain or Ireland, comprising the ranks of duke, marquess, earl, viscount, and baron (عضو خاندان سلطنتی بریتانیا و ایرلند، نجیب‌زاده، عضو مجلس اعیان).
“Hereditary peers could still dominate the proceedings of the House of Lords”.
A person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person (همتا، جفت، نظیر، مشابه، هم‌سان، هم‌سن).
“He has incurred much criticism from his academic peers”.
Phrase:
Without peer— unrivalled (بی‌همتا، بی‌رقیب، بی‌نظیر).
“He is a goalkeeper without peer”.
Peer review
/ˌpɪr rɪˈvjuː/
Noun:
Evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field (ارزیابی و بررسی دقیق کارهای علمی).
“We submit our findings to rigorous peer review”.
Verb:
Subject to a peer review (با دقت زیاد ارزیابی و بررسی کردن).
“A peer-reviewed journal”.
Emanate
/ˈem.ə.neɪt/
Verb:
(Of a feeling, quality, or sensation) issue or spread out from (a source) (ساطع شدن، بیرون آمدن).
“Warmth emanated from the fireplace”.
Originate from; be produced by (سرچشمه گرفتن، نشئت گرفتن، منشا بودن).
“The proposals emanated from a committee”.
Give out or emit (a feeling, quality, or sensation) (ساطع کردن، بروز دادن).
“He emanated a powerful brooding air”.
Conjecture
/kənˈdʒek.tʃɚ/
Noun:
An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information (حدس، گمان، وهم، ظن).
“Conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied”.
Verb:
Dorm an opinion or supposition about (something) on the basis of incomplete information (حدس زدن، گمانه زنی).
“Many conjectured that the jury could not agree”.
Veracity
/vɚˈæs.ə.t̬i/
Noun:
Conformity to facts; accuracy (صحت، درستی، دقت).
“Officials expressed doubts concerning the veracity of the story”.
Habitual truthfulness (صداقت، راستی).
“Voters should be concerned about his veracity and character”.
Recourse
/ˈriː.kɔːrs/
Noun:
A source of help in a difficult situation (راه چاره).
“Surgery may be the only recourse”.
The use of (someone or something) as a source of help in a difficult situation (توسل، مراجعه، محل کمک).
“A means of solving disputes without recourse to courts of law”.
The legal right to demand compensation or payment (حق جبران خسارت و غرامت).
“The bank has recourse against the exporter for losses incurred”.
Edifice
/ˈed.ə.fɪs/
Noun:
A large, imposing building (عمارت، ساختمان بزرگ، بنا).
A complex system of beliefs (ساختار پیچیده‌ای از باورها).
“The concepts on which the edifice of capitalism was built”.
A system that has been established for a long time (سیستمی با قدمت طولانی).
“It looks as if the whole political edifice of the country is about to collapse”.
Concede
/kənˈsiːd/
Verb:
Admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it (اذعان کردن، به صحت چیزی اعتراف کردن).
“I had to concede that I’d overreacted”.
Surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege) (واگذار کردن، اعطا کردن).
“He is not willing to concede any of his power/authority”.
To admit that you have lost in a competition (شکست را پذیرفتن).
“She conceded even before all the votes had been counted”.
Analogous
/əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/
Adjective:
Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way which makes clearer the nature of the things compared (هم‌سان، مشابه، متناظر).
“They saw the relationship between a ruler and his subjects as analogous to that of father and children”.
Jargon
Noun:
Special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand (اصطلاح تخصصی).
“Legal jargon”.
Aggression
/əˈɡreʃ.ən/
Noun:
Feelings of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behaviour; readiness to attack or confront (خشونت، پرخاش‌گری).
“His chin was jutting with aggression”.
The action of attacking without provocation (تهاجم و یورش بی‌دلیل، تعدی).
“He called for an end to foreign aggression against his country”.
Forcefulness (تاثیرگذاری، نیرومندی).
“The sheer volume and aggression of his playing”.
Pent-up
/ˌpentˈʌp/
Adjective:
(Of emotions, energy, etc.) unable to be expressed or released (سرکوب شده، فروخورده، سرکوفته).
“Pent-up frustrations”.
Closely confined or held back (متراکم، مسدود).
“A surge of pent-up water”.
Loom
/luːm/
Noun:
An apparatus for making fabric by weaving yarn or thread (نساجی، دستگاه نساجی).
“Tweed was traditionally hand-woven on a loom”.
A vague and often exaggerated first appearance of an object seen in darkness or fog, especially at sea (شمایل مبهم و اغراق‌آمیز چیزی در مه یا تاریکی دریا).
“The loom of the land”.
Verb:
Appear as a vague or shadowy form, especially one that is large or threatening (نمایان شدن چیزی بزرگ و تهدیدآمیز به صورت مبهم و سایه‌وار).
“Vehicles loomed out of the darkness”.
(Of an event regarded as ominous or threatening) seem about to happen (چیزی بدشگون در حال وقوع بودن).
“There is a crisis looming”.
Sever
/ˈsev.ɚ/
Verb:
Divide by cutting or slicing, especially suddenly and forcibly (گسستن، قطع کردن، بریدن، جدا کردن).
“The head was severed from the body”.
Put an end to (a connection or relationship); break off (قطع کردن ارتباط یا رابطه).
“The notice itself may be sufficient to sever the joint tenancy”.
Vegetative stroke
/ˈvedʒ.ə.teɪ.t̬ɪv/ /stroʊk/
Phrase:
A vegetative state (VS) or post-coma unresponsiveness (PCU), is a disorder of consciousness in which patients with severe brain damage are in a state of partial arousal rather than true awareness (سکته مغزی منجر به زندگی نباتی).
“Vegetative stroke victims”.
Telltale
/ˈtel.teɪl/
Adjective:
Revealing, indicating, or betraying something (آشکار کردن، نمایاندن یا خیانت کردن به چیزی).
“The telltale bulge of a concealed weapon”.
Noun:
A person, especially a child, who reports others’ wrongdoings or reveals their secrets (سخن‌چین، خبرچین، چغل).
A device or object that automatically gives a visual indication of the state or presence of something (آشکارساز، آگاه‌ساز، جانما).
Vicious
/ˈvɪʃ.əs/
Adjective:
Deliberately cruel or violent (شریر، بد، بدجنس، خبیث).
“A vicious assault”.
Convention
/kənˈven.ʃən/
Noun:
A way in which something is usually done (رسم).
“To attract the best patrons the movie houses had to ape the conventions and the standards of theatres”.
Behavior that is considered acceptable or polite to most members of a society (عرف).
“He was an upholder of convention and correct form”.
An agreement between states covering particular matters, especially one less formal than a treaty (کنوانسیون، موافقت‌نامه، عهدنامه).
“The convention, signed by the six states bordering on the Black Sea, aims to prevent further pollution”.
A large meeting or conference, especially of members of a political party or a particular profession or group (همایش، مجمع، گردهمایی خصوصا یک حزب سیاسی یا یک صنف خاص).
“The party held its biennial convention”.
Convict
Verb:
/kənˈvɪkt/
Declare (someone) to be guilty of a criminal offence by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law (محکوم کردن، مجرم شناختن).
“The thieves were convicted of the robbery”.
Noun:
/ˈkɒnvɪkt/
A person found guilty of a criminal offence and serving a sentence of imprisonment (محکوم، مجرم، بزهکار).
“Two escaped convicts kidnapped them at gunpoint”.
Castration
/kæsˈtreɪ.ʃən/
Noun:
The removal of the testicles of a male animal or man (اخته کردن).
“The castration of male calves was initiated to reduce fighting”.
The state of being deprived of power, vitality, or vigor (ناتوانی در قدرت، سرزندگی یا نشاط).
“The inability to afford technology is economic castration”.
Acquaint
/əˈkweɪnt/
Verb:
Make someone aware of or familiar with (آگاه کردن، آشنا کردن).
“New staff should be acquainted with fire exit routes”.
Know someone slightly (مختصرا کسی را شناختن).
“I am not acquainted with any young lady of that name”.
Aptitude
/ˈæp.tə.tuːd/
Noun:
A natural ability to do something (استعداد، شایستگی، توانایی ذاتی).
“Children with an aptitude for painting and drawing”.
A natural tendency (میل ذاتی، تمایل طبیعی).
“The aptitude of this society to assimilate new elements”.
Be party to
/ˈpɑːr.t̬i/
Idiom:
Be involved in (در چیزی دخیل بودن، با چیزی طرف بودن).
“He was party to some very shady deals”.
Sceptic
/ˈskep.tɪk/
Noun:
A person inclined to question or doubt accepted opinions (شکاک).
“This argument failed to convince the sceptics”.
Adjective:
Another term for sceptical/skeptical (شکاک).
“She was sceptic whether this would actually happen”.
Allegedly
/əˈledʒ.ɪd.li/
Adverb:
Used to convey that something is claimed to be the case or have taken place, although there is no proof (ظاهرا، آن‌طور که ادعا می‌شود، به اصطلاح).
“He was allegedly a leading participant in the coup attempt”.
Alleged:
Adjective:
Said, without proof, to have taken place or to have a specified illegal or undesirable quality (به قول معروف، بنا به گفته‌ی بعضی).
“The alleged conspirators”.
Canine
/ˈkeɪ.naɪn/
Adjective:
Relating to or resembling a dog or dogs (سگی، سگ‌وار، سگ‌سان).
“Canine behavioural problems”.
Noun:
A dog (سگ).
“The majority agreed with neutering stray canines”.
A pointed tooth between the incisors and premolars of a mammal, often greatly enlarged in carnivores (دندان نیش).
“Most primates use their canine teeth for fighting”.
Initial
/ɪˈnɪʃ.əl/
Adjective:
Existing or occurring at the beginning (مقدماتی، نخستین، اولیه، آغازین).
“Our initial impression was favourable”.
Noun:
The first letter of a name or word, typically a person’s given name or a word forming part of a phrase (مخفف).
“They carved their initials into the tree trunk”.
Verb:
Mark or sign (a document) with one’s initials in order to authorize or validate it (پاراف، امضا کردن یک سند با حروف مخفف نام و نام‌خانوادگی).
“The man initialled the three warrants”.
