The Human Spark

Question 1

Might is right
Might make right

Answer 1

Phrase:
Those who are powerful can do what they wish unchallenged, even if their action is in fact unjustified (حق با قدرت است، حتی در زمانی که اعمالش ناحق باشد).
“He believed that might was right and woe betide anyone who stood in his way”.

Question 2

Porcine
/ˈpɔːr.saɪn/

Answer 2

Adjective:
Of, affecting, or resembling a pig or pigs (خوکی، خوک‌سان، خوک‌مانند).
“His flushed, porcine features”.

Question 3

Clout
/klaʊt/

Answer 3

Noun:
A heavy blow with the hand or a hard object (ضربه محکم).
“A clout round the ear”.

Influence or power, especially in politics or business (نفوذ سیاسی یا اقتصادی).
“I knew she carried a lot of clout”.

Verb:
Hit (someone or something) hard (محکم ضربه زدن).
“I clouted him round the head”.

Question 4

Evanescent
/ˌev.əˈnes.ənt/

Answer 4

Adjective:
Soon passing out of sight, memory, or existence; quickly fading or disappearing (زودگذر، گذرا، محوشونده).
“The evanescent Arctic summer”.

Denoting a field or wave which extends into a region where it cannot propagate and whose amplitude therefore decreases with distance (ناپایدار، ناپایا).

Question 5

Every nook and cranny
/nʊk/ - /ˈkræn.i/

Answer 5

Phrase:
Every part or aspect of something (گوشه و کنار).
“The party reached into every nook and cranny of people’s lives”.

Nook: کنج، گوشه.
Cranny: شکاف، درز.

Question 6

Unbridled
/ʌnˈbraɪ.dəld/

Answer 6

Adjective:
Uncontrolled; unconstrained (افسار گسیخته، بی‌لگام).
“A moment of unbridled ambition”.

Unbridle
Verb:
Remove the bridle from (a horse) (باز کردن افسار اسب).
“He unbridled his mare and let her roam”.

Free (someone or something) from control or restraint (از بند رهانیدن).
“She was ready to burst for want of an opportunity of unbridling her tongue”.

Question 7

Zealot
/ˈzel.ət/

Answer 7

Noun:
A person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political, or other ideals (فدایی، غیرتمند، متعصب، جان بر کف).
“A religious zealot”.

Question 8

Monstrosity
/mɑːnˈstrɑː.sə.t̬i/

Answer 8

Noun:
A thing, especially a building, which is very large and unsightly (عظیم، غول‌پیکری، پیل‌پیکری).
“The shopping centre, a multi-storey monstrosity of raw concrete”.

A thing which is outrageously evil or wrong (نابکاری، دیوسیرتی، خباثت).
“How could anyone be capable of such monstrosities?”

Question 9

Humdrum
/ˈhʌm.drʌm/

Answer 9

Adjective:
Lacking excitement or variety; boringly monotonous (کسل‌کننده، یک‌نواخت، خسته‌کننده).
“Humdrum routine work”.

Monotonous routine (رویه‌ی یکنواخت و کسالت‌بار).
“An escape from the humdrum of his life”.

Question 10

Iota
/aɪˈoʊ.t̬ə/

Answer 10

Noun:
The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet ( Ι, ι ), transliterated as ‘i’ (آیوتا، نهمین حرف الفبای یونانی).

An extremely small amount (ذره، مقدار بسیار کم و اندک).
“Nothing she said seemed to make an iota of difference”.

Question 11

Dogma
/ˈdɑːɡ.mə/

Answer 11

A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true; a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts (اصول اعتقادی، دُگم، عقیده و باور دینی، تعصب اعتقادی و مذهبی، عقاید).
“The dogmas of faith”.

Question 12

Compose
/kəmˈpoʊz/

Answer 12

Verb:
Write or create (a work of art, especially music or poetry) (سرودن، سراییدن، اثر هنری خلق کردن، موسیقی خلق کردن، تالیف و تصنیف کردن).
“He composed the First Violin Sonata four years earlier”.

(Of elements) constitute or make up (a whole, or a specified part of it) (تشکیل شدن، ترکیب کردن یا شدن، ساخته شده از، تلفیق کردن).
“The National Congress is composed of ten senators”.

Calm or settle (oneself or one’s features or thoughts) (خود را آرام کردن، به خود آرامش دادن).
“She tried to compose herself”.

Decomposition: تجزیه، فساد، انحلال.

Question 13

Winding
/ˈwaɪn.dɪŋ/

Answer 13

Noun:
A twisting movement or course (پیچ و تاب، پیچ و خم، پیچ، مارپیچ، پیچیده).
“The windings of the stream”.

Adjective:
Following a twisting or spiral course (پیچیدن، تابیدن).
“Our bedroom was at the top of a winding staircase”.

Question 14

Devoid
/dɪˈvɔɪd/

Answer 14

Adjective:
Entirely lacking or free from (فاقد، بدون، عاری، تهی).
“Lisa kept her voice devoid of emotion”.

Question 15

Square (something) with something
/skwer/

Answer 15

Phrase:
To match or agree with something, or to think that one thing is acceptable together with another thing (منطبق بودن چیزی با چیزی دیگر، جور بودن یا جور در آمدن).
“Her story doesn’t quite square with the evidence”.

Question 16

Reflect
/rɪˈflekt/

Answer 16

Verb:
(Of a surface or body) throw back (heat, light, or sound) without absorbing it (بازتابیدن).
“When the sun’s rays hit the Earth a lot of the heat is reflected back into space”.

Embody or represent (something) in a faithful or appropriate way (مبیِّن، مظهر یا تجسم چیزی بودن).
“Schools should reflect cultural differences”.

Think deeply or carefully about (غور کردن، عمیقا تفکر کردن).
“He reflected with sadness on the unhappiness of his marriage”.

(Of an action or situation) bring credit or discredit to the relevant parties (باعث افزایش یا کاهش اعتبار چیزی شدن).
“The incident reflects badly on the operating practices of the airlines”.

Question 17

Deplete
/dɪˈpliːt/

Answer 17

Verb:
Use up the supply or resources of (تهی کردن، مصرف کردن، خالی کردن).
“Reservoirs have been depleted by years of drought”.

Diminish in number or quantity (کاهش دادن، کاستن، کم کردن).
“Supplies are depleting fast”.

Question 18

Opprobrium
/əˈproʊ.bri.əm/

Answer 18

Noun:
Harsh criticism or censure (سرزنش، انتقاد شدید و کوبنده، ملامت، نکوهش).
“International opprobrium has been heaped on the country following its attack on its neighbors”.

Public disgrace arising from shameful conduct (فضاحت، خفَّت، ننگ، رسوایی).
“The opprobrium of being closely associated with gangsters”.

Question 19

Uphold
/ʌpˈhoʊld/

Answer 19

Verb:
Confirm or support (something which has been questioned) (حمایت کردن، اثبات کردن، معتبر دانستن، حفظ کردن).
“The court upheld his claim for damages”.

Maintain (a custom or practice) (حفظ آداب، سنن، رویه‌ها و روندها).
“They uphold a tradition of not causing distress to living creatures”.

Question 20

Automaton
/ɑːˈtɑː.mə.t̬ən/

Answer 20

Noun:
Plural noun: Automata
A moving mechanical device made in imitation of a human being (رباط انسان‌نما).
“A collection of 19th century French automata: acrobats, clowns, and musicians”.

A machine which performs a range of functions according to a predetermined set of coded instructions (دستگاه خودکار).
“Sophisticated automatons continue to run factory assembly lines”.

Used in comparisons to refer to a person who seems to act in a mechanical or unemotional way (رباط‌وار، رباطی، مثل رباط).
“Like an automaton, she walked to the door”.

Question 21

Maintain
/meɪnˈteɪn/

Answer 21

Verb:
Cause or enable (a condition or situation) to continue (نگه‌داشتن، حفظ کردن).
“The need to maintain close links between industry and schools”.

Keep (something) at the same level or rate (در حالت فعلی نگه‌داشتن).
“Agricultural prices will have to be maintained”.

Keep (a building, machine, or road) in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly (نگه‌داری کردن، مراقبت کردن).
“The Department for Transport is responsible for maintaining the main roads in England”.

Provide with necessities for life or existence (تدارک ملزومات).
“The allowance covers the basic costs of maintaining a child”.

Keep (a military unit) supplied with equipment and other requirements (تامین مایحتاج نظامی).
“An English garrison was maintained there in the seventeenth century”.

State something strongly to be the case; assert (بیان کردن، اظهار کردن، مدعی بودن).
“He has always maintained his innocence”.

Question 22

Akin
/əˈkɪn/

Answer 22

Adjective:
Of similar nature or character (یکسان، مشابه).
“Something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her”.

Question 23

Scruple
/ˈskruː.pəl/

Answer 23

Noun:
A feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to the morality or propriety of a course of action (شک، تردید، بیم، ابا، دودلی).
“I had no scruples about eavesdropping”.

Verb:
Hesitate or be reluctant to do something that one thinks may be wrong (تردید داشتن، ابا داشتن).
“She doesn’t scruple to ask her parents for money”.

Question 24

Conveyor
/kənˈveɪ.ɚ/

Answer 24

Noun:
A person or thing that transports or communicates something (حامل، نقال).
“A conveyor of information”.

A conveyor belt (تسمه نقاله).

Question 25

Congeries
/kɒnˈdʒəriːz/

Answer 25

Noun:
A disorderly collection; a jumble (آشفته بازار، بازار شام، خروار).
“On the floor, a congeries of old newspapers piled up like a mountain”.

Question 26

Eponymous
/ɪˈpɑː.nə.məs/

Answer 26

Adjective:
(Of a person) giving their name to something (نام‌گذاری چیزی با نام خود، هم‌نام).
“The eponymous hero of the novel”.

(Of a thing) named after a particular person or group (چیزی که از روی شخص خاصی نام‌گذاری شده).
“Their eponymous debut LP”.

Question 27

Intricate
/ˈɪn.trə.kət/

Answer 27

Adjective:
Very complicated or detailed (پیچیده، بغرنج، تو در تو).
“An intricate network of canals”.

Question 28

Dumbfound
/ˌdʌmˈfaʊn.d/

Answer 28

Verb:
Greatly astonish or amaze; dumbstruck (بهت‌زده کردن، مبهوت کردن، حیران کردن).
“I was dumbfounded by the low prices there”.

Question 29

Flawed
/flɑːd/

Answer 29

Adjective:
Having or characterized by a fundamental weakness or imperfection (ناقص، معیوب).
“A fatally flawed strategy”.

(Of a person) having a weakness in character (شخصیت ناقص).
“A flawed hero”

Question 30

Analogy
/əˈnæl.ə.dʒi/

Answer 30

Noun:
A comparison between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification (قیاس، مقایسه، تشبیه، هم‌سانی، شباهت).
“An analogy between the workings of nature and those of human societies”.

Question 31

Tangible
/ˈtæn.dʒə.bəl/

Answer 31

Adjective:
Perceptible by touch (ملموس، محسوس، مشهود، مشخص، بارز).
“The atmosphere of neglect and abandonment was almost tangible”.

Noun:
A thing that is perceptible by touch (ملموس).
“These are the only tangibles upon which an assessment can be made”.

Tang: مزه، طعم.

Question 32

Edge
/edʒ/

Answer 32

Noun:
The outside limit of an object, area, or surface (لبه، مرز، حاشیه، یال، کناره).
“A willow tree at the water’s edge”.

The sharpened side of the blade of a cutting implement or weapon (لبه‌ی تیز، تیغه).
“A knife with a razor-sharp edge”.

Verb:
Provide with a border or edge (مرزدار کردن، حاشیه‌دار کردن).
“The pool is edged with paving”.

Move or cause to move gradually or furtively* in a particular direction (تدریجی و مخفیانه حرکت کردن).
“She tried to edge away from him”.
*furtively: نامحسوس، مخفیانه.

Question 33

Blimey
/ˈblaɪ.mi/

Answer 33

Exclamation: حرف ندا
Used to express surprise, excitement, or alarm (ای وای، برای ابراز شگفت‌زدگی، هیجان یا هشدار به کار می‌رود).
“Blimey! How on earth did she say that to you without a blush?”

Question 34

Coalesce
/koʊ.əˈles/

Answer 34

Verb:
Come together to form one mass or whole (یکی شدن، یک‌پارچه شدن).
“The puddles had coalesced into shallow streams”.

Combine (elements) in a mass or whole (ادغام کردن، ائتلاف کردن).
“His idea served to coalesce all that happened into one connected whole”.

Question 35

Perplex
/pɚˈpleks/

Answer 35

Verb:
Make (someone) feel completely baffled (مبهوت کردن، سردرگم کردن، متحیر شدن، گیج شدن).
“She was perplexed by her husband’s moodiness”.

Question 36

Conjuncture
/kənˈdʒʌŋk.tʃɚ/

Answer 36

Noun:
A combination of events happening at the same time (تلاقی، هم‌زمانی رویدادها و شرایط).
“The happy conjuncture of two facts” (هم‌زمانی خوش‌یمن دو رویداد).

A state of affairs (وضعیت امور و رویدادها، شرایط، حالات).
“The wider political conjuncture”.

A critical situation (وضعیت بحرانی).
“The current economic conjuncture is very challenging for many businesses”.

Question 37

Lacuna
/ləˈkjuː.nə/

Answer 37

Noun:
An unfilled space; a gap (حفره، جای خالی، نقطه‌ی ابهام، حذف شدگی).
“The journal has filled a lacuna in Middle Eastern studies”.

ANATOMY
A cavity or depression, especially in bone (فرورفتگی در استخوان، مغاکچه).

Question 38

Whether
/ˈwɪð.ɚ/

Answer 38

Adverb:
To what place or state (به جایی که، به کجا).
“Whither are we bound?”

What is the likely future of (آینده‌ی محتمل چیست؟).
“Whither modern architecture?”

To which (with reference to a place) (جایی که).
“The barbecue had been set up by the lake, whither Matthew and Sara were conducted”.

To whatever place; wherever (هرکجا که، هر جایی که).
“We could drive whither we pleased”.

Question 39

Forebear
/ˈfɔːr.ber/

Answer 39

Noun:
An ancestor (جد، نیا، پیشین).
“Generations of his forebears had lived in London” (جد اندر جدش در لندن زندگی می‌کردند.).

Question 40

Whence
/wens/

Answer 40

Adverb:
From what place or source (از کجا).
“Whence do they derive those powers?”

From which; from where (از آنجایی که، از محلی که، که از آن، که از آنجا).
“The Ural mountains, whence the ore is procured”.

Question 41

Adrenal glands
/əˈdriː.nəl/ /ɡlænd/

Answer 41

Anatomy:
A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions (غدد فوق کلیوی).
Adrenal: کلیوی.
Gland: غده، هر عضو ترشح کننده.

Question 42

Motor centre
/ˈmoʊ.t̬ɚ/ /ˈsen.t̬ɚ/

Answer 42

Anatomy:
The motor cortex or motor center is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements (قشر حرکتی مغز).

Question 43

Secretion
/sɪˈkriː.ʃən/

Answer 43

Noun:
A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion (ترشح، تراوش).
“Alcohol had a stimulatory effect on gastric acid secretion”.

Secrete: (/sɪˈkriːt/) ترشح کردن.

Question 44

Contemplate
/ˈkɑːn.t̬əm.pleɪt/

Answer 44

Verb:
Look thoughtfully for a long time at (اندیشیدن، تفکر کردن).
“He contemplated his image in the mirrors”.

Think about (فکر کردن درباره‌ی).
“She couldn’t even begin to contemplate the future”.

Think deeply and at length (غور کردن).
“He sat morosely contemplating”.

Question 45

Encapsulate
/ɪnˈkæp.sjə.leɪt/

Answer 45

Verb:
Express the essential features of (something) succinctly (لُب مطلب را بیان کردن، مخلص کلام را گفتن).
“The conclusion is encapsulated in one sentence”.

Enclose (something) in or as if in a capsule (در کپسول قرار دادن یا محفوظ کردن).
“The company would encapsulate the asbestos waste in concrete pellets”.

Question 46

Conjure
/ˈkʌn.dʒɚ/

Answer 46

Verb:
Cause (a spirit or ghost) to appear by means of a magic ritual (ارواح یا اجنه را احضار کردن و فراخواندن).
“They hoped to conjure up the spirit of their dead friend”.

Make (something) appear unexpectedly or seemingly from nowhere (شعبده‌بازی کردن، تردستی کردن).
“Anne conjured up a delicious home-made hotpot”.

(Of a word, sound, smell, etc.) cause someone to think of (something) (چیزی سبب یادآوری چیزی دیگر شود).
“A special tune that conjures up a particular time and place”.

Phrase:
Conjure something up — To make a picture or idea appear in someone’s mind (در ذهن تداعی و تصور کردن).
“For some people, the word “England” may still conjure up images of pretty gardens and tea parties”.

Question 47

Platonic
/pləˈtɑː.nɪk/

Answer 47

Adjective:
(Of love or friendship) intimate and affectionate but not sexual (عشق افلاطونی، عشق پاک فارق از امور جنسی).
“Their relationship is purely platonic”.

Of or associated with the Greek philosopher Plato or his ideas (افلاطونی).
“Readers of the Platonic dialogues”.

Confined to words, theories, or ideals, and not leading to practical action (افکار و کلمات بی‌عمل و بدون اقدام عملی).
“A Platonic gesture”.

Question 48

Digression
/daɪˈɡreʃ.ən/

Answer 48

Noun:
A temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing (انحراف، گریز کوتاه).
“Let’s return to the main topic after that brief digression”.

Question 49

Abracadabra
/ˌæb.rə.kəˈdæb.rə/

Answer 49

Noun:
A word said by conjurors when performing a magic trick (ورد، سحر و جادو، طلسم).

Language used to give the impression of arcane knowledge or power (جادو جمبل).
“I get so fed up with all the mumbo jumbo and abracadabra”.

The implausibly easy performance of difficult feats (انجام جادویی کارهای سخت).
“The creation of profits was a marvellous bit of abracadabra”.

Question 50

Replete
/rɪˈpliːt/

Answer 50

Adjective:
Filled or well-supplied with something (پر، مملو، لبالب).
“Sensational popular fiction, replete with adultery and sudden death”.

Very full of or sated by food (سیرِ سیر، شکم پر).
“I went out into the sun-drenched streets again, replete and relaxed”.

Question 51

Discard
/dɪˈskɑːrd/

Answer 51

Verb:
Get rid of (someone or something) as no longer useful or desirable (دور انداختن).
“Hilary bundled up the clothes she had discarded”.

Noun:
A thing rejected as no longer useful or desirable (مطرود، به درد نخور).

Question 52

Postulate
/ˈpɑːs.tʃə.leɪt/

Answer 52

Verb:
Suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief (فرض کردن، پنداشتن، مستلزم بودن، مبنا قرار دادن).
“His theory postulated a rotatory movement for hurricanes”.

(In ecclesiastical law) nominate or elect (someone) to an ecclesiastical office subject to the sanction of a higher authority (انتصاب یا کاندیدای شخصی برای منصبی کلیسایی).
“The chapter was then allowed to postulate the bishop of Bath”.

Noun:
A thing suggested or assumed as true as the basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief (فرض، ادعا، شرط لازم، لازمه).
“Perhaps the postulate of Babylonian influence on Greek astronomy is incorrect”.

Question 53

Empirical
/emˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/

Answer 53

Adjective:
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic (تجربی، بر اساس مشاهده، آروینی).
“They provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument”.

Question 54

Peer
/pɪr/

Answer 54

Verb:
Look with difficulty or concentration at someone or something (زل زدن، بِربِر نگاه کردن، چشم دوختن، خیره شدن).
“Faye peered at her with suspicion”.

Be just visible (قابل رویت بودن، نمایان شدن).
“The towers peer over the roofs”.

Make or become equal with (برابر شدن یا کردن، همتا شدن).
“The Thames could not peer with the mill-streamlet close to my home”.

Noun:
A member of the nobility in Britain or Ireland, comprising the ranks of duke, marquess, earl, viscount, and baron (عضو خاندان سلطنتی بریتانیا و ایرلند، نجیب‌زاده، عضو مجلس اعیان).
“Hereditary peers could still dominate the proceedings of the House of Lords”.

A person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person (همتا، جفت، نظیر، مشابه، هم‌سان، هم‌سن).
“He has incurred much criticism from his academic peers”.

Phrase:
Without peer— unrivalled (بی‌همتا، بی‌رقیب، بی‌نظیر).
“He is a goalkeeper without peer”.

Question 55

Peer review
/ˌpɪr rɪˈvjuː/

Answer 55

Noun:
Evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field (ارزیابی و بررسی دقیق کارهای علمی).
“We submit our findings to rigorous peer review”.

Verb:
Subject to a peer review (با دقت زیاد ارزیابی و بررسی کردن).
“A peer-reviewed journal”.

Question 56

Emanate
/ˈem.ə.neɪt/

Answer 56

Verb:
(Of a feeling, quality, or sensation) issue or spread out from (a source) (ساطع شدن، بیرون آمدن).
“Warmth emanated from the fireplace”.

Originate from; be produced by (سرچشمه گرفتن، نشئت گرفتن، منشا بودن).
“The proposals emanated from a committee”.

Give out or emit (a feeling, quality, or sensation) (ساطع کردن، بروز دادن).
“He emanated a powerful brooding air”.

Question 57

Conjecture
/kənˈdʒek.tʃɚ/

Answer 57

Noun:
An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information (حدس، گمان، وهم، ظن).
“Conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied”.

Verb:
Dorm an opinion or supposition about (something) on the basis of incomplete information (حدس زدن، گمانه زنی).
“Many conjectured that the jury could not agree”.

Question 58

Veracity
/vɚˈæs.ə.t̬i/

Answer 58

Noun:
Conformity to facts; accuracy (صحت، درستی، دقت).
“Officials expressed doubts concerning the veracity of the story”.

Habitual truthfulness (صداقت، راستی).
“Voters should be concerned about his veracity and character”.

Question 59

Recourse
/ˈriː.kɔːrs/

Answer 59

Noun:
A source of help in a difficult situation (راه چاره).
“Surgery may be the only recourse”.

The use of (someone or something) as a source of help in a difficult situation (توسل، مراجعه، محل کمک).
“A means of solving disputes without recourse to courts of law”.

The legal right to demand compensation or payment (حق جبران خسارت و غرامت).
“The bank has recourse against the exporter for losses incurred”.

Question 60

Edifice
/ˈed.ə.fɪs/

Answer 60

Noun:
A large, imposing building (عمارت، ساختمان بزرگ، بنا).

A complex system of beliefs (ساختار پیچیده‌ای از باورها).
“The concepts on which the edifice of capitalism was built”.

A system that has been established for a long time (سیستمی با قدمت طولانی).
“It looks as if the whole political edifice of the country is about to collapse”.

Question 61

Concede
/kənˈsiːd/

Answer 61

Verb:
Admit or agree that something is true after first denying or resisting it (اذعان کردن، به صحت چیزی اعتراف کردن).
“I had to concede that I’d overreacted”.

Surrender or yield (a possession, right, or privilege) (واگذار کردن، اعطا کردن).
“He is not willing to concede any of his power/authority”.

To admit that you have lost in a competition (شکست را پذیرفتن).
“She conceded even before all the votes had been counted”.

Question 62

Analogous
/əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/

Answer 62

Adjective:
Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way which makes clearer the nature of the things compared (هم‌سان، مشابه، متناظر).
“They saw the relationship between a ruler and his subjects as analogous to that of father and children”.

Question 63

Jargon

Answer 63

Noun:
Special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand (اصطلاح تخصصی).
“Legal jargon”.

Question 64

Aggression
/əˈɡreʃ.ən/

Answer 64

Noun:
Feelings of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behaviour; readiness to attack or confront (خشونت، پرخاش‌گری).
“His chin was jutting with aggression”.

The action of attacking without provocation (تهاجم و یورش بی‌دلیل، تعدی).
“He called for an end to foreign aggression against his country”.

Forcefulness (تاثیرگذاری، نیرومندی).
“The sheer volume and aggression of his playing”.

Question 65

Pent-up
/ˌpentˈʌp/

Answer 65

Adjective:
(Of emotions, energy, etc.) unable to be expressed or released (سرکوب شده، فروخورده، سرکوفته).
“Pent-up frustrations”.

Closely confined or held back (متراکم، مسدود).
“A surge of pent-up water”.

Question 66

Loom
/luːm/

Answer 66

Noun:
An apparatus for making fabric by weaving yarn or thread (نساجی، دستگاه نساجی).
“Tweed was traditionally hand-woven on a loom”.

A vague and often exaggerated first appearance of an object seen in darkness or fog, especially at sea (شمایل مبهم و اغراق‌آمیز چیزی در مه یا تاریکی دریا).
“The loom of the land”.

Verb:
Appear as a vague or shadowy form, especially one that is large or threatening (نمایان شدن چیزی بزرگ و تهدیدآمیز به صورت مبهم و سایه‌وار).
“Vehicles loomed out of the darkness”.

(Of an event regarded as ominous or threatening) seem about to happen (چیزی بدشگون در حال وقوع بودن).
“There is a crisis looming”.

Idiom:
If something looms large, it becomes very important and often causes worry (دل‌شوره‌آور بودن یا شدن، چیزی بسیار مهم که نگران‌کننده است).
“The issue of pay will loom large at this year’s conference”.

Question 67

Sever
/ˈsev.ɚ/

Answer 67

Verb:
Divide by cutting or slicing, especially suddenly and forcibly (گسستن، قطع کردن، بریدن، جدا کردن).
“The head was severed from the body”.

Put an end to (a connection or relationship); break off (قطع کردن ارتباط یا رابطه).
“The notice itself may be sufficient to sever the joint tenancy”.

Question 68

Vegetative stroke
/ˈvedʒ.ə.teɪ.t̬ɪv/ /stroʊk/

Answer 68

Phrase:
A vegetative state (VS) or post-coma unresponsiveness (PCU), is a disorder of consciousness in which patients with severe brain damage are in a state of partial arousal rather than true awareness (سکته مغزی منجر به زندگی نباتی).
“Vegetative stroke victims”.

Question 69

Telltale
/ˈtel.teɪl/

Answer 69

Adjective:
Revealing, indicating, or betraying something (آشکار کردن، نمایاندن یا خیانت کردن به چیزی).
“The telltale bulge of a concealed weapon”.

Noun:
A person, especially a child, who reports others’ wrongdoings or reveals their secrets (سخن‌چین، خبرچین، چغل).

A device or object that automatically gives a visual indication of the state or presence of something (آشکارساز، آگاه‌ساز، جانما).

Question 70

Vicious
/ˈvɪʃ.əs/

Answer 70

Adjective:
Deliberately cruel or violent (شریر، بد، بدجنس، خبیث).
“A vicious assault”.

Question 71

Convention
/kənˈven.ʃən/

Answer 71

Noun:
A way in which something is usually done (رسم).
“To attract the best patrons the movie houses had to ape the conventions and the standards of theatres”.

Behavior that is considered acceptable or polite to most members of a society (عرف).
“He was an upholder of convention and correct form”.

An agreement between states covering particular matters, especially one less formal than a treaty (کنوانسیون، موافقت‌نامه، عهدنامه).
“The convention, signed by the six states bordering on the Black Sea, aims to prevent further pollution”.

A large meeting or conference, especially of members of a political party or a particular profession or group (همایش، مجمع، گردهمایی خصوصا یک حزب سیاسی یا یک صنف خاص).
“The party held its biennial convention”.

Question 72

Convict

Answer 72

Verb:
/kənˈvɪkt/
Declare (someone) to be guilty of a criminal offence by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law (محکوم کردن، مجرم شناختن).
“The thieves were convicted of the robbery”.

Noun:
/ˈkɒnvɪkt/
A person found guilty of a criminal offence and serving a sentence of imprisonment (محکوم، مجرم، بزهکار).
“Two escaped convicts kidnapped them at gunpoint”.

Question 73

Castration
/kæsˈtreɪ.ʃən/

Answer 73

Noun:
The removal of the testicles of a male animal or man (اخته کردن).
“The castration of male calves was initiated to reduce fighting”.

The state of being deprived of power, vitality, or vigor (ناتوانی در قدرت، سرزندگی یا نشاط).
“The inability to afford technology is economic castration”.

Question 74

Acquaint
/əˈkweɪnt/

Answer 74

Verb:
Make someone aware of or familiar with (آگاه کردن، آشنا کردن).
“New staff should be acquainted with fire exit routes”.

Know someone slightly (مختصرا کسی را شناختن).
“I am not acquainted with any young lady of that name”.

Question 75

Aptitude
/ˈæp.tə.tuːd/

Answer 75

Noun:
A natural ability to do something (استعداد، شایستگی، توانایی ذاتی).
“Children with an aptitude for painting and drawing”.

A natural tendency (میل ذاتی، تمایل طبیعی).
“The aptitude of this society to assimilate new elements”.

Question 76

Be party to
/ˈpɑːr.t̬i/

Answer 76

Idiom:
Be involved in (در چیزی دخیل بودن، با چیزی طرف بودن).
“He was party to some very shady deals”.

Question 77

Sceptic
/ˈskep.tɪk/

Answer 77

Noun:
A person inclined to question or doubt accepted opinions (شکاک).
“This argument failed to convince the sceptics”.

Adjective:
Another term for sceptical/skeptical (شکاک).
“She was sceptic whether this would actually happen”.

Question 78

Allegedly
/əˈledʒ.ɪd.li/

Answer 78

Adverb:
Used to convey that something is claimed to be the case or have taken place, although there is no proof (ظاهرا، آن‌طور که ادعا می‌شود، به اصطلاح).
“He was allegedly a leading participant in the coup attempt”.

Alleged:
Adjective:
Said, without proof, to have taken place or to have a specified illegal or undesirable quality (به قول معروف، بنا به گفته‌ی بعضی).
“The alleged conspirators”.

Question 79

Canine
/ˈkeɪ.naɪn/

Answer 79

Adjective:
Relating to or resembling a dog or dogs (سگی، سگ‌وار، سگ‌سان).
“Canine behavioural problems”.

Noun:
A dog (سگ).
“The majority agreed with neutering stray canines”.

A pointed tooth between the incisors and premolars of a mammal, often greatly enlarged in carnivores (دندان نیش).
“Most primates use their canine teeth for fighting”.

Question 80

Initial
/ɪˈnɪʃ.əl/

Answer 80

Adjective:
Existing or occurring at the beginning (مقدماتی، نخستین، اولیه، آغازین).
“Our initial impression was favourable”.

Noun:
The first letter of a name or word, typically a person’s given name or a word forming part of a phrase (مخفف).
“They carved their initials into the tree trunk”.

Verb:
Mark or sign (a document) with one’s initials in order to authorize or validate it (پاراف، امضا کردن یک سند با حروف مخفف نام و نام‌خانوادگی).
“The man initialled the three warrants”.

Question 81

Cognitive
/ˈkɑːɡ.nə.t̬ɪv/

Answer 81

Adjective:
Connected with thinking or conscious mental processes (ذهنی، ادراکی).
“Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired”.

Relating to or involving the processes of thinking and reasoning (فکری، استدلالی).
“Studies show a connection between aerobic exercise and cognitive ability”.

Question 82

Convergent
/kənˈvɝː.dʒənt/

Answer 82

Adjective:
Coming closer together; converging (هم‌گرا، به هم نزدیک شونده).
“A convergent boundary”.

——————
Converge: گراییدن، هم‌گرا بودن یا شدن.

Question 83

Substrate
/ˈsʌb.streɪt/

Answer 83

Noun:
An underlying substance or layer (زیرلایه، پیش‌ماده).

The surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment (بستر).
“Brachiopods attached to the substrate by a stalk”.

The substance on which an enzyme acts (ماده‌ای که آنزیم روی آن عمل می‌کند).

Question 84

Stop short of something

Answer 84

Idiom:
If you stop short of doing or saying something, you decide not to do or say it although you almost do (کم از گفتن/انجام دادن چیزی نیست).
“I stopped short of telling him the brutal truth”.
“This declaration is stops short of saying that other animals are conscious because we still lack the smoking gun”.

Question 85

Smoking gun
/ˌsmoʊ.kɪŋ ˈɡʌn/

Answer 85

Noun:
A piece of incontrovertible incriminating evidence (مدرک غیرقابل انکار، دلیل اثبات جرم).
“The trial’s long-awaited smoking gun failed to surface”.

Question 86

Sentient
/ˈsen.ʃənt/

Answer 86

Adjective:
Able to perceive or feel things (با احساس، احساسی، با ادراک).
“She had been instructed from birth in the equality of all sentient life forms”.

Question 87

Amendment
/əˈmend.mənt/

Answer 87

Noun:
A minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc (اصلاح، بهبود، ترمیم).
“An amendment to existing bail laws”.

An article added to the US Constitution (متمم قانون اساسی آمریکا).

Something which is added to soil in order to improve its texture or fertility (افزودنی خاک).
“You can add some soil-texturizing amendments to improve soil drainage”.

Question 88

Husbandry
/ˈhʌz.bən.dri/

Answer 88

Noun:
The care, cultivation, and breeding of crops and animals (کشاورزی، پرورش، فلاحت).
“All aspects of animal husbandry”.

Management and conservation of resources (صرفه‌جویی، بهره‌وری).
“Low borrowing demonstrates astute husbandry of resources”.

Question 89

Follow suit

Answer 89

Phrase:
(in bridge, whist, and other card games) play a card of the suit led (بازی کردن ورق زمینه).

To do the same thing (دنباله روی).
“When one airline reduces its ticket prices, the rest usually follow suit”.

Question 90

Apathetic
/ˌæp.əˈθet̬.ɪk/

Answer 90

Adjective:
Showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern (بی‌تفاوت، بی‌توجه، دل‌مرده، بی‌علاقه).
“An apathetic electorate”.

Question 91

Thrash
/θræʃ/

Answer 91

Verb:
Beat (a person or animal) repeatedly and violently with a stick or whip (شلاق زدن، چوب زدن، کوبیدن، زدن).
“She thrashed him across the head and shoulders”.

Move in a violent and convulsive way (دست و پا زدن، به خود پیچیدن).
“He lay on the ground thrashing around in pain”.

Struggle in a wild or desperate way to do something (تقلا کردن، برای انجام کاری جان کندن).
“Two months of thrashing around on my own have produced nothing”.

Defeat heavily in a contest or match (شکست سخت و سنگین).
“I thrashed Pete at cards”.

Noun:
A violent or noisy movement of beating or thrashing (کوبش، حرکت خشن و پر سر و صدا).
“The thrash of the waves”.

Question 92

Flail
/fleɪl/

Answer 92

Noun:
A threshing tool consisting of a wooden staff with a short heavy stick swinging from it (خرمن‌کوب، چمن‌زن، دنگ).

Verb:
Wave or swing wildly (دست و بال زدن، دستان خود را به اطراف تکان دادن).
“His arms flailed as he sought to maintain his balance”.

Flounder; struggle uselessly (تقلای بیهوده کردن، دست و پای بی‌خود زدن).
“I was flailing about in the water”.

Beat or flog (someone) (کتک زدن، ضرب و شتم کردن).
“He escorted them, flailing their shoulders with his cane”.

Question 93

Enshrine
/ɪnˈʃraɪn/

Answer 93

Verb:
Place (a revered or precious object) in an appropriate receptacle (قراردادن اشیا گران‌بها در مکان و گنجه مناسب).
“Relics are enshrined under altars”.

Preserve (a right, tradition, or idea) in a form that ensures it will be protected and respected (محفوظ و تقدیس کردن).
“The right of all workers to strike was enshrined in the new constitution”.

Question 94

Opaque
/oʊˈpeɪk/

Answer 94

Adjective:
Not able to be seen through; not transparent (کدر، مات، تیره).
“Bottles filled with a pale opaque liquid”.

(Especially of language) hard or impossible to understand (زبان مبهم و نامفهوم و غیرقابل فهم).
“Technical jargon that was opaque to her”.

Opaque writing or speech is difficult to understand (متن یا سخنرانی ثقیل و سنگین).
“I find her poetry a little too opaque”.

Question 95

Enduring self
/ɪnˈdʊr.ɪŋ self/

Answer 95

Philosophy
An enduring self persists through time such that the very same, wholly present self exists at different times. A perduring self persists through time by being a sum of appropriately related but different temporal parts at different times. Subjective endurance is consistent with objective perdurance (غایت فی نفسه، نفس پایدار، غایت در خود).
“The idea that there is an enduring self is a topic that is fraught with debate amongst the philosophical minds of the world”.

Question 96

Excrement
/ˈek.skrə.mənt/

Answer 96

Noun:
Waste matter discharged from the bowels; faeces (مدفوع، زوائد، فضله، پِهِن).

Question 97

Compound
/kəmˈpaʊnd/

Answer 97

Noun:
/ˈkɑːm.paʊnd/
A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture (مُرکب).
“The air smelled like a compound of diesel and petrol fumes”.

A substance formed from two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions (ماده‌ی مرکب، ترکیب شیمیایی).
“A compound of hydrogen and oxygen”.

A word made up of two or more existing words (لغت مرکب).

An open area enclosed by a fence, for example around a factory or large house or within a prison (محوطه).
“The entrance is located slightly to the south of the main compound”.

Adjective:
/ˈkɑːm.paʊnd/
Made up or consisting of several parts or elements (ترکیبی، آمیخته، مرکب).
“A compound noun”.

(Of interest) payable on both capital and the accumulated interest (بهره یا سود قابل پرداخت هم بر سرمایه و هم بر سود انباشته).
“Compound interest”.

Verb:
/kəmˈpaʊnd/
Make up (a composite whole); constitute (مخلوط کردن، ترکیب کردن).
“A dialect compounded of Spanish and Dutch”.

Reckon (interest) on previously accumulated interest (محاسبه کردن سود بر سود انباشته).
“The yield at which the interest is compounded”.

Make (something bad) worse; intensify the negative aspects of (بدتر کردن، تشدید کردن، وخیم‌تر کردن).
“Prisoners’ lack of contact with the outside world compounds their problems”.

Law:
Forbear from prosecuting (a felony) in exchange for money or other consideration (عقد صلح، دریافت مال در ازای مصالحه).

Question 98

Wary
/ˈwer.i/

Answer 98

Adjective:
Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems (محتاط، هوشیار، محتاطانه).
“Dogs which have been mistreated often remain very wary of strangers”.

Question 99

Bale
/beɪl/

Answer 99

Noun:
A large wrapped or bound bundle of paper, hay, or cotton (خرمن، توده، بغچه، عدل، بُلغُنده).
“The fire destroyed 500 bales of hay”.

Evil considered as a destructive force (مصیبت، فلاکت، حزن، شر).

Verb:
Make up into bales (دسته کردن، بغچه‌بندی کردن).
“The straw is left on the field to be baled later”.

Scoop water out of a boat or ship (تخلیه‌ی آب از قایق یا کشتی).
“When we started bailing, the boat was filled with water”.

Question 100

Scuttle
/ˈskʌt̬.əl/

Answer 100

Noun:
A metal container with a handle, used to fetch and store coal for a domestic fire (سطل زغال‌سنگ).

The amount of coal held in a scuttle (به اندازه‌ی سطل زغال‌سنگ).
“Carrying endless scuttles of coal up from the cellar”.

BRITISH
The part of a car’s bodywork between the windscreen and the bonnet (قسمت بین شیشه‌ی جلو و کاپوت خودرو).

An act or sound of scuttling (گریز و فراز، صدای گریختن).
“I heard the scuttle of rats across the room”.

An opening with a cover in a ship’s deck or side (دریچه‌ی عرشه یا کناره‌ی کشتی).
“A shaft of sunlight blazed through the cabin scuttle”.

Verb:
Run hurriedly or furtively with short quick steps (گریختن، با عجله پراکنده و متفرق شدن).
“A mouse scuttled across the floor”.

Sink (one’s own ship) deliberately by holing it or opening its seacocks to let water in (غرق کردن عمدی کشتی خود با سوراخ کردن یا باز کردن شیر بدنه).
“The ship was scuttled by its German prize crew, who took to the boats”.

Deliberately cause (a scheme) to fail (عمدا خراب کردن یا به هم زدن یک برنامه یا طرح، خراب کردن).
“Some of the stockholders are threatening to scuttle the deal”.

Question 101

Pelt
/pelt/

Answer 101

Verb:
Hurl missiles repeatedly at (مکررا بمباران کردن).
“Two boys pelted him with rotten apples”.

Hurl (something) at someone or something (انداختن، افکندن، پرت کردن).
“She spotted four boys pelting stones at ducks”.

(Of rain, hail, or snow) fall quickly and very heavily (بوران، کولاک، بارش سنگین باران و برف).
“The rain was pelting down”.

INFORMAL
Run somewhere very quickly (به سرعت به سمت جایی دویدن، شتاب کردن).
“I pelted across the road”.

Noun:
An act of hurling something at someone (افکنش).

The skin of an animal with the fur, wool, or hair still on it (پوستین، وات).
“Traders brought reindeer pelts”.

The raw skin of a sheep or goat, stripped and ready for tanning (پوست دباغی نشده گوسفند یا بز).

INFORMAL
A person’s hair (موی یک شخص).
“I kissed Gillie briefly on the cheek, and ruffled the pelt of Stuart”

Phrase:
At full pelt — with maximum energy or force; at top speed (با نهایت انرژی، قدرت یا سرعت).
“I ran downstairs at full pelt”.

In one’s pelt — naked (لُخت).
“They came across Henn, standing in his pelt by the river”.

Question 102

Trait
/treɪt/

Answer 102

Noun:
A distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person (ویژگی، خصلت، خصیصه).
“The traditionally British trait of self-denigration”.

A genetically determined characteristic (ویژگی ژنتیکی تعیین شده).
“Breeders were installing some trait that allowed the crop to thrive”.

Question 103

Commendable
/kəˈmen.də.bəl/

Answer 103

Adjective:
Deserving praise (پسندیده، قابل ستایش و تحسین).
“He showed commendable restraint”.

Question 104

Veterinarian
/ˌvet.ər.ɪˈner.i.ən/

Answer 104

Noun:
A person qualified to treat diseased or injured animals; a veterinary surgeon (دام‌پزشک).

Question 105

Subterfuge
/ˈsʌb.tɚ.fjuːdʒ/

Answer 105

Noun:
Deceit used in order to achieve one’s goal (ترفند، بهانه، دست‌آویز).
“He had to use subterfuge and bluff on many occasions”.

Question 106

Interlocutor
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈlɑː.kjə.t̬ɚ/

Answer 106

Noun:
A person who takes part in a dialogue or conversation (هم‌سخن، هم‌صحبت).

Question 107

Hoof
/huːf/

Answer 107

Noun:
The horny part of the foot of an ungulate animal, especially a horse (سُم).
“There was a clatter of hoofs as a rider came up to them”.

INFORMAL
A person’s foot (لِنگ).
“A product which promises to sizzle off all your dead skin, rendering your hooves as soft as a newborn’s”.

Verb:
INFORMAL•BRITISH
kick (a ball) powerfully (محکم شوت کردن).
“He hoofed the ball 70 metres”.

INFORMAL
Go on foot (پیاده رفتن).
“I paid the check and hoofed it over to Jane Street”.

Dance (رقصیدن، پای‌کوبی کردن).
“We hoof it reasonably fancily, and no one guffaws”.

Phrase
On the hoof — (of livestock) not yet slaughtered (دام سلاخی نشده).
“Livestock on the hoof”.

Question 108

Erroneous
/əˈroʊ.ni.əs/

Answer 108

Adjective:
Wrong; incorrect (اشتباه، غلط، نادرست).
“Employers sometimes make erroneous assumptions”.

Question 109

Hoop
/huːp/

Answer 109

Noun:
A circular band of metal, wood, or similar material, especially one used for binding the staves of barrels or forming part of a framework (تسمه‌ی حلقه‌ای).

An earring in the form of a circular band of metal or other material (گوشواره حلقه‌ای).
“A pair of plain gold hoops”.

short for hula hoop (حلقه لاغری، هولاهوپ).
“Spin the hoop around your waist or around your hips”.

A large ring for circus performers to jump through (حلقه‌ی سیرک).

HISTORICAL
A circle of flexible material used for expanding a woman’s petticoat or skirt (ژپون، فنر دامن).
“A woman in hoops and crinoline”.

The round metal rim from which a basketball net is suspended (حلقه‌ی بسکتبال).
“By the official rules of the game, a basketball hoop must be 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet off the ground”.

INFORMAL•US
The game of basketball (بسکتبال).
“Henry’s father played hoops for Kansas”.

Verb:
Bind or encircle with or as with hoops (تسمه‌پیچ کردن).
“A man was hooping a barrel”.

Phrases:
shoot hoops — play basketball (بسکتبال بازی کردن).
“He’d rather play golf or shoot hoops than work”.

Question 110

Cite
/saɪt/

Answer 110

Verb:
Refer to (a passage, book, or author) as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement, especially in a scholarly work (استناد کردن به، مراجعه کردن به، ارجاع دادن به).
“Authors who are highly regarded by their peers tend to be cited”.

Praise (someone, typically a member of the armed forces) in an official report for a courageous act (تقدیر از کسی معمولا نیروی مصلح).
“He has been cited many times for his contributions in the intelligence area”.

mention as an example (به عنوان الگو و سرمشق یاد کردن).
“Medics have been cited as a key example of a modern breed of technical expert”.

Summon (someone) to appear in court (به دادگاه احضار کردن).
“The writ cited only four of the signatories of the petition”.

Question 111

Consensus
/kənˈsen.səs/

Answer 111

Noun:
A general agreement (اجماع، توافق عمومی، عقیده‌ی اکثریت قریب به اتفاق).
“There is a growing consensus that the current regime has failed”.

Question 112

Elusive
/iˈluː.sɪv/

Answer 112

Adjective:
Difficult to find, catch, or achieve (گریزان، فراری، گریزپا، دست نیافتنی، نایاب و نادر).
“Success will become ever more elusive”.

Difficult to remember (سخت به خاطر آوردنی).
“The elusive thought he had had moments before”.

Question 113

Correlation
/ˌkɔːr.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

Answer 113

Noun:
A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things (هم‌بستگی، ارتباط).
“Research showed a clear correlation between recession and levels of property crime”.

Question 114

Flunk
/flʌŋk/

Answer 114

Verb:
Fail to reach the required standard in (an examination, test, or course of study) (شکست، قبول نشدن، موفق نشدن).
“I flunked biology in the tenth grade”.

Judge (an examination candidate) to have failed to reach the required standard (مردود شدن).

(Of a student) leave or be dismissed from school or college as a result of failing to reach the required standard (اخراج یا انصراف از تحصیل به دلیل نتایج ضعیف).
“Tip flunked out of Caltech and moved back home”.

Question 115

be pushing up (the) daisies

Answer 115

Phrase:
INFORMAL
Be dead and buried (ریق رحمت را سر کشیدن، مردن و دفن شدن).
“His heart condition will see him pushing up the daisies at a young age”.

Question 116

Dexterous
/ˈdek.stər.əs/

Answer 116

Adjective:
Showing or having skill, especially with the hands (ماهر، چیره‌دست، زبردست).
“A dexterous keyboard player”.

Question 117

Nimble-fingered
/ˌnɪmbəlˈfɪŋɡəd/

Answer 117

Adjective:
Having or showing skill with the hands; dexterous (چیره‌دست، پنجه طلا).
“Nimble-fingered guitar work”.

Question 118

Deft
/deft/

Answer 118

Adjective:
Neatly skilful and quick in one’s movements (ماهر، چالاک، زبردست).
“A deft piece of footwork”.

Demonstrating skill and cleverness (استادانه، ماهرانه).
“The script was both deft and literate”.

Question 119

Ample
/ˈæm.pəl/

Answer 119

Adjective:
Enough or more than enough; plentiful (کافی، فراوان، مفصل).
“There is ample time for discussion”.

Large and accommodating (پهناور، بزرگ، وسیع).
“He leaned back in his ample chair”.

(Of a person’s figure) full or broad (فراخ، گنده، پربار).
“She stood with her hands on her ample hips”.

Question 120

Rout
/raʊt/

Answer 120

Noun:
A disorderly retreat of defeated troops (هزیمت، عقب‌نشینی).
“The retreat degenerated into a rout”.

A decisive defeat (شکست قاطعانه).
“The party lost more than half their seats in the rout”.

Verb:
Defeat and cause to retreat in disorder (لت و پار کردن، تار و مار کردن، شکست دادن و عقب راندن، متفرق کردن).
“In a matter of minutes the attackers were routed”.

Cut a groove, or any pattern not extending to the edges, in (a wooden or metal surface) (تا نزدیک لبه‌ی چوب یا فلز شیار یا طرح زدن).
“You routed each plank all along its length”.

Find or retrieve (پیدا کردن، بازیافتن).
“As I routed out the lantern, the telephone jangled”.

Force (someone) from a place (بیرون کردن).
“Simon routed him from the stables”

Phrase:
Put to rout — put to flight; defeat utterly (شدیدا شکست و فراری دادن).
“I once put a gang to rout”.

Question 121

Horde
/hɔːrd/

Answer 121

Noun:
A large group of people (فوج، ازدحام، توده، گروه).
“A horde of beery rugby fans”.

An army or tribe of nomadic warriors (قشون، ارتش، لشگر).
“Tartar hordes”.

A small loosely knit social group typically consisting of about five families (طایفه، تبار، ایل، گروهی متشکل از پنج خاندان، عشیره).

Question 122

Lord it over someone

Answer 122

Idiom:
To behave as if you are more important than someone and have a right to tell that person what to do (تسلت اربابانه، رئیس‌بازی، زورگویی، قلدری).
“He likes to lord it over his little sister”.

Question 123

Agitate
/ˈædʒ.ə.teɪt/

Answer 123

Verb:
Make (someone) troubled or nervous (آشفتن، پریشان کردن).
“The thought of questioning Toby agitated him extremely”.

Stir or disturb (something, especially a liquid) briskly (به هم زدن مایعات).
“Agitate the water to disperse the oil”.

campaign to arouse public concern about an issue in the hope of prompting action (تهییج کردن، تحریک کردن، شوراندن، شر به پا کردن).
“they agitated for a reversal of the decision”

Question 124

Decrepit
/dɪˈkrep.ɪt/

Answer 124

Adjective:
Worn out or ruined because of age or neglect (فرتوت، زوار در رفته، لکنته، ناتوان).
“A row of decrepit houses”.

(Of a person) elderly and infirm (از کار افتاده، نزار، پیر و چروکیده).
“I stay active as I don’t want to be decrepit”.

Question 125

Alacrity
/əˈlæk.rə.t̬i/

Answer 125

Noun:
Brisk and cheerful readiness (نشاط، چابکی، اشتیاق، طرب).
“She accepted the invitation with alacrity”.

Question 126

Riot
/ˈraɪ.ət/

Answer 126

Noun:
A violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd (شورش، غوغا، آشوب، بلوا).
“Riots broke out in the capital”.

An impressively large or varied display of something (نمایش چشم‌گیر و متنوع از چیزی).
“The garden was a riot of colour”.

An uproar (غوغا، همهمه).
“The film’s sex scenes caused a riot in Cannes”

An outburst of uncontrolled feelings (غلیان احساسات).
“A riot of emotions raged through Fabia”.

Verb:
Take part in a violent public disturbance (شورش کردن).
“Students rioted in Paris”.

Phrase:
Run riot — behave in a violent and unrestrained way (افسار گسیخته رفتار کردن، عصیان کردن).
“A country where freelance gunmen run riot, looting and hijacking food”.

Question 127

Rally
/ˈræl.i/

Answer 127

Verb:
(Of troops) come together again in order to continue fighting after a defeat or dispersion (جمع‌آوری و سامان‌دهی مجدد نیروی نظامی پس از شکست، مجددا صف‌آرایی کردن، تجدید قوا کردن).
“De Montfort’s troops rallied and drove back the king’s infantry”.

Recover or cause to recover in health, spirits, or poise (جان تازه گرفتن، بهبودی یافتن، بازیافتن).
“He floundered for a moment, then rallied again”.

Subject (someone) to good-humoured ridicule; tease (مسخره کردن، شوخی کردن، سر به سر کسی گذاشتن).
“He rallied her on the length of her pigtail”.

Noun:
A mass meeting of people making a political protest or showing support for a cause (اجتماع سیاسی، تظاهرات، گردهمایی).
“A rally attended by around 100,000 people”.

A long-distance race for motor vehicles over public roads or rough terrain, typically in several stages (رالی).
“A rally driver”.

Question 128

Populace
/ˈpɑː.pjə.ləs/

Answer 128

Noun:
The people living in a particular country or area (عوام الناس، توده‌ی مردم، مردم عادی).
“The party misjudged the mood of the populace”.

Question 129

Apparatus
/ˌæp.əˈræt̬.əs/

Answer 129

Noun:
The technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose (دستگاه، اسباب، ساز و برگ).
“Firemen wearing breathing apparatus”.

The complex structure of a particular organization or system (سازمان، ساختار).

A collection of notes, variant readings, and other matter accompanying a printed text (کلیه‌ی ملحقات یک متن شامل پاورقی، فهرست و غیره).
“One thing about the book’s apparatus does irritate: the absence of an index of titles”.

Question 130

Mobilize
/ˈmoʊ.bə.laɪz/

Answer 130

Verb:
(Of a country or its government) prepare and organize (troops) for active service (بسیج کردن).

Organize and encourage (a group of people) to take collective action in pursuit of a particular objective (متحد کردن).
“It would be hard for worker representatives to mobilize the workforce against the employers”.

Make (something) movable or capable of movement (به حرکت درآوردن، متحرک ساختن).
“The physiotherapist might mobilize the patient’s shoulder girdle”.

Question 131

Bevy
/ˈbev.i/

Answer 131

Noun:
A large group of people or things of a particular kind (گروه، دسته).
“A bevy of big-name cameos will keep the adults entertained”.

Question 132

Dreary
/ˈdrɪr.i/

Answer 132

Adjective:
Depressingly dull and bleak or repetitive (دل‌تنگ کننده، دل‌گیر، ملال‌انگیز، خفقان‌آور).
“The dreary round of working, eating, and trying to sleep”.

Question 133

Scold
/skoʊld/

Answer 133

Verb:
Remonstrate* with or rebuke (someone) angrily (پرخاش، بددهنی، غر زدن، فحاشی کردن).
“Mum took Anna away, scolding her for her bad behaviour”.
*Remonstrate: سرزنش کردن، اعتراض کردن.

Noun:
A person who nags or grumbles constantly (typically used of a woman) (آدم بد دهن، غرغرو).
“His mother was the village scold”.

Question 134

Astound
/əˈstaʊnd/

Answer 134

Verb:
Shock or greatly surprise (مبهوت کردن، متحیر کردن، حیران کردن).
“Her bluntness astounded him”.

Question 135

Crony
/ˈkroʊ.ni/

Answer 135

Noun:
A close friend or companion (رفیق، هم‌دم، دوست صمیمی).
“He went gambling with his cronies”.

Question 136

Self-proclaimed
/ˌself.prəˈkleɪmd/

Answer 136

Adjective:
Described as or proclaimed* to be such by oneself, without endorsement by others (خودخوانده).
“Books written by self-proclaimed experts”.
*proclaim: جار زدن، اعلام کردن.

Question 137

Smokescreen
/ˈsmoʊk.skriːn/

Answer 137

Noun:
A cloud of smoke created to conceal military operations (دودی برای پوشش عملیات نظامی).
“Troops laid down a smokescreen to cover the rescue of the victims”.

A ruse* designed to disguise someone’s real intentions or activities (استتار، پوشش).
“He tried to create a smokescreen by quibbling about the statistics”.
*ruse: خدعه، نیرنگ، حیله، مکر.

Question 138

To feather one’s nest

Answer 138

Phrase:
If you say that someone is feathering their nest, you mean that they are getting a lot of money out of something, so that they can lead a comfortable life. (پول پارو کردن، پول هنگفت و بادآورده به جیب زدن).
“Mary’s much more interested in doing things for other people than feathering her own nest”.

Question 139

Hidebound
/ˈhaɪd.baʊnd/

Answer 139

Adjective:
Unwilling or unable to change because of tradition or convention (کوته‌نظر، متعصب، اهل سنت، کوته‌فکر، دوآتیشه، محافظه‌کار).
“They are working to change hidebound corporate cultures”.

Question 140

Triumph
/ˈtraɪ.əmf/

Answer 140

Noun:
A great victory or achievement (پیروزی، فتح).
“A garden built to celebrate Napoleon’s many triumphs”.

Joy or satisfaction resulting from a success or victory (پیروزمندانه).
“‘Here it is!’ Helen’s voice rose in triumph”.

A highly successful example of something (نمونه‌ی بارز موفقیت در چیزی).
“The marriage had been a triumph of togetherness”.

The processional entry of a victorious general into Ancient Rome (رژه‌ی ظفرمندانه ژنرال رومی).

Verb:
Achieve a victory; be successful (پیروز شدن، چیره شدن).
“Spectacle has once again triumphed over content”.

Rejoice or exult at a victory or success (جشن پیروزی گرفتن، پای‌کوبی کردن).
“She stopped triumphing over Mrs Ward’s failure”.

Question 141

Revere
/rɪˈvɪr/

Answer 141

Verb:
Feel deep respect or admiration for (something) (احترام گذاشتن، تقدیر کردن، حرمت گذاشتن، تقدیس کردن).
“Cézanne’s still lifes were revered by his contemporaries”.

Question 142

Pygmy
/ˈpɪɡ.mi/

Answer 142

Noun:
A member of certain peoples of very short stature in equatorial Africa and parts of SE Asia (کوتوله، گورزاد).

Adjective:
Used in names of animals and plants that are much smaller than more typical kinds, e.g. pygmy shrew, pygmy water lily (گونه‌ی کوتوله، گونه‌هایی که جثه‌ی کوچک‌تری نسبت به هم‌نوعان خود دارند).

Question 143

Dispel
/dɪˈspel/

Answer 143

Verb:
Make (a doubt, feeling, or belief) disappear (برطرف کردن، تاراندن، پراکندن، متفرق کردن).
“The brightness of the day did nothing to dispel Elaine’s dejection”.

Question 144

Teem
/tiːm/

Answer 144

Verb:
Be full of or swarming with (مملو بودن یا شدن، پر شدن).
“Every garden is teeming with wildlife”.

(Of water, especially rain) pour down; fall heavily (بارش شدید باران، وابل).
“With the rain teeming down at the manor, Italy seemed a long way off”.

Question 145

Amorous
/ˈæm.ɚ.əs/

Answer 145

Adjective:
Showing, feeling, or relating to sexual desire (حشری، عاشقانه).
“She rejected his amorous advances”.

Question 146

Outright
/ˌaʊtˈraɪt/

Answer 146

Adverb:
Wholly and completely (تماما، کاملا)
“Logging has been banned outright”.

Immediately or instantly (درجا، بلادرنگ).
“The impact killed four horses outright”.

Directly or openly (مستقیما، رک و راست).
“She couldn’t ask him outright”.

not by degrees or instalments (تمام و کمال، یک‌جا).
“They decided to buy the company outright”.

Adjective:
Open and direct (صریح).
“An outright refusal”.

Total (کامل، بالکل).
“The outright abolition of the death penalty”.

Clear and undisputed (آشکار، بی‌شک و تردید، واضح).
“An outright victory”.

Question 147

Meek
/miːk/

Answer 147

Adjective:
Quiet, gentle, and easily imposed on; submissive (با حوصله، بردبار، فروتن، نجیب).
“She brought her meek little husband along”.

Question 148

Adjacent
/əˈdʒeɪ.sənt/

Answer 148

Adjective:
Next to or adjoining something else (مجاور، همسایه، کنار هم، هم‌جوار).
“Adjacent rooms”.

Next to or very near a specified location (جَنب، کنار، پهلو).
“A Hollywood-adjacent town”.

Question 149

Egalitarian
/ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈter.i.ən/

Answer 149

Adjective:
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities (برابرگرایی، تساوی‌گرایی).
“A fairer, more egalitarian society”.

Noun:
A person who advocates or supports the principle of equality for all people (برابرگرا، تساوی‌گرا).
“He was a social and political egalitarian”.

Question 150

Sprawl
/sprɑːl/

Answer 150

Verb:
Sit, lie, or fall with one’s arms and legs spread out in an ungainly way (ولو شدن، پخش زمین شدن).
“The door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement”.

Spread out over a large area in an untidy or irregular way (گسترش و رشد بی‌رویه).
“The town sprawled along several miles of cliff top”.

Noun:
An ungainly or carelessly relaxed position in which one’s arms and legs are spread out (لش‌وار نشینی، گَل و گشاد نشینی).
“She fell into a sort of luxurious sprawl”.

A group or mass of something that has spread out in an untidy or irregular way (پخش و پلا، گسترش بی‌رویه و کنترل).
“A sprawl of buildings”.

Question 151

Sumptuous
/ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/

Answer 151

Adjective:
Splendid and expensive-looking (مجلل، گران، لوکس، لاکچری).
“The banquet was a sumptuous, luxurious meal”.

Question 152

Tunic
/ˈtjuː.nɪk/

Answer 152

Noun:
A loose garment, typically sleeveless and reaching to the knees, as worn in ancient Greece and Rome (جُبّه).

Question 153

Stud
/stʌd/

Answer 153

Noun:
A large-headed piece of metal that pierces and projects from a surface, especially for decoration (قُپه، دکمه سرآستین، گل‌میخ).

An upright timber in the wall of a building to which laths and plasterboard are nailed (تیر عمودی دیوار).
“Lath and plaster on timber studs”.

An establishment where horses or other domesticated animals are kept for breeding (تاسیسات پرورش حیوانات اهلی مثل اسب).
“A stud farm”.

A stallion (اسب نرینه).

A young man thought to be very active sexually or regarded as a good sexual partner (مرد حشری و فعال جنسی).
“A rugged, hairy-chested stud”.

Verb:
Decorate or augment (something) with many studs or similar small objects (قپه‌زدن).
“A dagger studded with precious diamonds”.

Question 154

Toil
/tɔɪl/

Answer 154

Verb:
Work extremely hard or incessantly (جان کندن، حمالی کردن).
“We toiled away”.

Move slowly and with difficulty (به سختی حرکت کردن).
“She began to toil up the cliff path”.

Noun:
Exhausting physical labour (مشقت، رنج).
“A life of toil”.

Question 155

Commence
/kəˈmens/

Answer 155

Verb:
Begin (شروع کردن، آغاز کردن).
“His design team commenced work”.

Question 156

Sobriquet
/ˈsoʊ.brə.keɪ/

Answer 156

Noun:
A person’s nickname (لقب).
“She was a vast and haughty person who answered to the sobriquet ‘Duchesse’”.

Question 157

Destitute
/ˈdes.tə.tuːt/

Answer 157

Adjective:
Extremely poor and lacking the means to provide for oneself (مفلس، ندار، مستمند، فقیر، تهی‌دست).
“The charity cares for destitute children”.

Not having (بی‌بهره، فاقد).
“Towns destitute of commerce”.

Question 158

Hapless
/ˈhæp.ləs/

Answer 158

Adjective:
(Especially of a person) unfortunate (بی‌چاره، بی‌نوا).
“The hapless victims of the disaster”.

Question 159

Iron discipline
/aɪrn ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/

Answer 159

Expression:
It’s an expression meaning strong determination in self or, if supervising others, a tough no-nonsense inflexibility in ensuring everyone follows the rules and procedures specified (سخت‌گیر، نظم و انضباط آهنین).
“The cadets at the military academy were subjected to iron discipline, waking up at dawn every day and following a rigorous training schedule without exception.”

Question 160

Draconian
/drəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/

Answer 160

Adjective:
(of laws or their application) excessively harsh and severe (قوانین ظالمانه و شدید).
“The Nazis destroyed the independence of the press by a series of draconian laws”.

Question 161

Sprout
/spraʊt/

Answer 161

Verb:
(Of a plant) put out shoots (جوانه زدن، سبز شدن).
“The weeds begin to sprout”.

Appear or develop suddenly and in large numbers (مثل قارچ سبز شدن).
“Plush new hotels are sprouting up everywhere”.

Noun:
A shoot* of a plant 🌱 (جوانه).
“The flower pots are full of green sprouts”.
*shoot: نهال، جوانه.
Offshoot: پاجوش، جوانه‌ای جدید روی گیاه قدیمی.

Question 162

Siphon
/ˈsaɪ.fən/

Answer 162

Noun:
A tube used to convey liquid upwards from a reservoir and then down to a lower level of its own accord. Once the liquid has been forced into the tube, typically by suction or immersion, flow continues unaided (سیفون).

Verb:
Draw off or convey (liquid) by means of a siphon (به وسیله‌ی سیفون منتقل کردن).
“A piece of tubing was used to siphon petrol”.

Draw off or transfer over a period of time, especially illegally or unfairly (تدریجی کش رفتن و منتقل کردن غیر قانونی یا ناعادلانه).
“He’s been siphoning money off the firm”.

Question 163

Dissident
/ˈdɪs.ə.dənt/

Answer 163

Noun:
A person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state (مخالف نظام، معاند).
“A dissident who had been jailed by a military regime”.

Adjective:
In opposition to official policy (جناح مخالف).
“The measure was supported by dissident Tories*”.
*dissident Tories: مخافظه‌کاران جناح مخالف

Question 164

Forthwith
/ˌfɔːrθˈwɪθ/

Answer 164

Adverb:
(Especially in official use) immediately; without delay (بلافاصله، بی‌درنگ، فوری).
“We undertake to pay forthwith the money required”.

Question 165

Inviolable
/ɪnˈvaɪə.lə.bəl/

Answer 165

Adjective:
Never to be broken, infringed, or dishonored (مصون، گزند ناپذیر).
“An inviolable rule of chastity”.

Question 166

Turban
/ˈtɝː.bən/

Answer 166

Noun:
A man’s head covering consisting of a long length of material wound around a cap or the head, worn especially by Sikhs and Muslims (عمامه، دستار).

A marine mollusc with a sculptured spiral shell and a distinctive operculum which is smooth on the inside and sculptured and typically patterned on the outside (نوعی حلزون دریایی معروف به دستارپوش).

Question 167

Hawker
/ˈhɑː.kɚ/

Answer 167

Noun:
A person who travels about selling goods, typically advertising them by shouting (فروشنده‌ی دوره‌گرد).
“Hawkers and costermongers pushed their little handcarts, crying ‘Bread!’, ‘Fish!’ and ‘Meat pies!’”.

Question 168

Banknote
/ˈbæŋk.noʊt/

Answer 168

Noun:
A piece of paper money, constituting a central bank’s promissory note to pay a stated sum to the bearer on demand (اسکناس).
“A £100 banknote”.

Question 169

Legal tender
/ˌliː.ɡəl ˈten.dɚ/

Answer 169

Noun:
Coins or banknotes that must be accepted if offered in payment of a debt (پول قانونی، پول رایج).

Question 170

Defunct
/dɪˈfʌŋkt/

Answer 170

Adjective:
No longer existing or functioning (مرده، منسوخ، از رده خارج، مرحوم).
“The now defunct Somerset & Dorset railway line”.

Question 171

Basin
/ˈbeɪ.sən/

Answer 171

Noun:
BRITISH
A bowl for washing, typically attached to a wall and having taps connected to a water supply; a washbasin (روشویی، سینک طرف‌شویی).

A wide open container used for preparing food or for holding liquid (تشت، لگن).
“She poured water from the jug into the basin”.

A circular or oval valley or natural depression on the earth’s surface, especially one containing water (حوزه‌ی آبگیر، خور، فرورفتگی زمین که آب در آن جمع شده باشد).
“The loch is cupped in a shallow basin among low hills”.

An enclosed area of water where boats can be moored (دریاچه کوچک).
“The gravel pit is to be used as a yacht basin”.

Question 172

Accord
/əˈkɔːrd/

Answer 172

Verb:
Give or grant someone (power, status, or recognition) (اعطا کردن).
“The powers accorded to the head of state”.

(Of a concept or fact) be harmonious or consistent with (مطابقت داشتن، هماهنگ بودن).
“His views accorded well with those of Merivale”.

Noun:
An official agreement or treaty (توافق، معاهده).
“Opposition groups refused to sign the accord”.

Agreement or harmony (قرار، پیمان).
“The government and the rebels are in accord on one point”.

Phrase:
In accord with — according to (مطابق با).
“Things didn’t happen quite in accord with expectations”.

Of one’s own accord — voluntarily or without outside intervention (به میل خود، داوطلبانه).
“He would not seek treatment of his own accord”.

With one accord — in a united way (متحدانه، هماهنگ، یک‌پارچه).
“the association is acting with one accord in this matter”.

Question 173

Reinforce
/ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/

Answer 173

Verb:
Strengthen or support (an object or substance), especially with additional material (مستحکم‌تر کردن، مقاوم‌تر کردن).
“The helmet has been reinforced with a double layer of cork”.

Question 174

Crusader
/kruːˈseɪ.dɚ/

Answer 174

Noun:
A fighter in the medieval Crusades (جنگجوی صلیبی).

A person who campaigns vigorously for political, social, or religious change; a campaigner (اصلاح‌طلب، مصلح).
“Crusaders for early detection and treatment of mental illnesses”.

Question 175

Radiant
/ˈreɪ.di.ənt/

Answer 175

Adjective:
Sending out light; shining or glowing brightly (درخشنده، نورانی).
“A bird with radiant green and red plumage”.

(Of a person or their expression) clearly emanating great joy, love, or health (تابناک).
“She gave him a radiant smile”.

(Of an emotion or quality) emanating powerfully from someone or something; very conspicuous (ساطع).
“He praised her radiant self-confidence”.

Question 176

Cherub
/ˈtʃer.əb/

Answer 176

Noun:
A winged angelic being described in biblical tradition as attending on God, represented in ancient Middle Eastern art as a lion or bull with eagles’ wings and a human face and regarded in traditional Christian angelology as an angel of the second highest order of the ninefold celestial hierarchy (کروب، فرشته‌ی مقرب، کودک فرشته‌ی بالدار).
FORMAL
Cherubim.

Question 177

Enmesh
/enˈmeʃ/

Answer 177

Verb:
Cause to become entangled in something (گرفتار کردن، گیر انداختن).
“Whales enmeshed in drift nets”.

Involve (someone) in a difficult situation from which it is hard to escape (در مخمصه انداختن کسی).
“He is enmeshed in an adulterous affair”.

Question 178

Minstrel
/ˈmɪn.strəl/

Answer 178

Noun:
A medieval singer or musician, especially one who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the nobility (خنیاگر، نوازنده‌ی دوره‌گرد).
“They listened to the minstrels singing songs of knightly prowess”.

Question 179

Stained-glass
/ˌsteɪnd ˈɡlæs/

Answer 179

Noun:
Glass that has been coloured and cut into various shapes to form pictures or patterns, used especially in church windows (ویترای، هنر شیشه رنگی).
“A stained* glass window”.
*stain: لکه، داغ عیب.

Question 180

Impale
/ɪmˈpeɪl/

Answer 180

Verb:
Transfix or pierce with a sharp instrument (با نیزه کسی را سوراخ کردن، به صلابه کشیدن).
“His head was impaled on a pike and exhibited for all to see”.

Question 181

Lance
/læns/

Answer 181

Noun:
A long weapon with a wooden shaft and a pointed steel head, formerly used by a horseman in charging (نیزه).
“The warriors bore lances tipped with iron or steel”.

Prick or cut open (an abscess or boil) with a lancet or other sharp instrument (نیشتر زدن).
“Abscesses should not be lanced until there is a soft spot in the centre”.

Question 182

Attentive
/əˈten.t̬ɪv/

Answer 182

Adjective:
Paying close attention to something (با دقت فراوان توجه کردن).
“Never before had she had such an attentive audience”.

Assiduously* attending to the comfort or wishes of others; very polite or courteous (توجه و مراقبت فراوان از راحتی دیگران).
“The hotel has a pleasant atmosphere and attentive service”.
*assiduously: با پشتکار.

Question 183

Parable
/ˈper.ə.bəl/

Answer 183

Noun:
A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson, as told by Jesus in the Gospels (تمثیل، مثال).
“The parable of the blind men and the elephant”.

Question 184

Dishevel
/dɪˈʃev.əl/

Answer 184

Verb:
Make (a person’s hair or clothes) untidy (پریشان کردن، ژولاندن).
“He ran one hand through his hair, further dishevelling it”.

Adjective:
Disheveled
/dɪˈʃev.əld/
(Of a person’s hair, clothes, or appearance) untidy; disordered (ژولیدن، نامرتب).
“A man with long dishevelled hair”.

Question 185

Infidel
/ˈɪn.fə.del/

Answer 185

Noun:
A person who has no religion or whose religion is not that of the majority (کافر، لامذهب).
“A crusade against infidels and heretics”.

Adjective:
Adhering to a religion other than that of the majority (معتقد به مذهبی غیر از اعتقاد عمومی مثلا نامسلمان، غیرمسیحی).
“The infidel foe”.

Question 186

Godspeed
/ˌɡɑːdˈspiːd/

Answer 186

Exclamation:
DATED
An expression of good wishes to a person starting a journey (دعای خیر بدرقه‌ی راه).
“She wished him godspeed”.

Question 187

Hovel
/ˈhɑː.vəl/

Answer 187

Noun:
A small squalid or simply constructed dwelling (کلبه، کپر).
“People were living in rat-infested hovels”.

Question 188

Disembark
/ˌdɪs.ɪmˈbɑːrk/

Answer 188

Verb:
Leave a ship, aircraft, or train (از کشتی یا هواپیما پیاده شدن).
“The passengers began to disembark”.

Opposite:
Embark: به کشتی یا هواپیما سوار شدن، به انجام کاری مبادرت کردن.

Question 189

Figment
/ˈfɪɡ.mənt/

Answer 189

Noun:
A thing that someone believes to be real but that exists only in their imagination (توهم).
“It really was Ross and not a figment of her overheated imagination”.

Question 190

Pore over something
/pɔːr/

Answer 190

Phrase:
To look at and study something, usually a book or document, carefully (بررسی و مطالعه کردن چیزی).
“She spends her evenings poring over textbooks”.

Question 191

Umpteenth
/ʌmpˈtiːnθ/

Answer 191

Adjective:
number INFORMAL
Used to emphasize that something has happened on many other occasions (بی‌شمار، اِنُمین‌بار، شونصدمین).
“She checked her watch for the umpteenth time”.

Question 192

Impasse
/ˈɪm.pæs/

Answer 192

Noun:
A situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock (بن‌بست، تنگنا).
“The current political impasse”.

Question 193

Ray
/reɪ/

Answer 193

Noun:
Each of the lines in which light (and heat) may seem to stream from the sun or any luminous body, or pass through a small opening (پرتو، اشعه).
“A ray of sunlight came through the window”.

Verb:
Spread from or as if from a central point (تشعشع کردن، تاباندن).
“Delicate lines rayed out at each corner of her eyes”.

Question 194

Amnesty
/ˈæm.nə.sti/

Answer 194

Noun:
An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offences (عفو عمومی، بخشش).
“An amnesty for political prisoners”.

Verb:
Grant an official pardon to (عفو عمومی کردن، بخشیدن).
“The guerrillas would be amnestied and allowed to return to civilian life”.

Question 195

Bonkers
/ˈbɑːŋ.kɚz/

Answer 195

Noun:
Mad; crazy (دیوانه، احمق).
“You’re stark raving bonkers!”

Question 196

Hindsight
/ˈhaɪnd.saɪt/

Answer 196

Noun:
Understanding of a situation or event only after it has happened or developed (با نگاه به گذشته، با بازنگری).
“With hindsight, I should never have gone” (حالا که به عقب نگاه می‌کنم می‌فهمم که هیچ‌وقت نباید می‌رفتم).

Question 197

Chimera
/kaɪˈmer.ə/

Answer 197

Noun:
(In Greek mythology) a fire-breathing female monster with a lion’s head, a goat’s body, and a serpent’s tail (کایمرا، موجودی افسانه‌ای در یونان باستان ترکیبی از سر ماده شیر، بدن بز و دم مار).

A thing which is hoped for but is illusory or impossible to achieve (خیال واهی).
“The economic sovereignty you claim to defend is a chimera”.

Question 198

Glacier
/ˈɡleɪ.si.ɚ/

Answer 198

Noun:
A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles (پخچال طبیعی، یخسار).

Question 199

Vagary
/ˈveɪ.ɡɚ.iz

Answer 199

Noun:
An unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or in someone’s behavior (دمدمی‌مزاجی، هردمبیل، بوالهوسی).
“The vagaries of the weather”.

Question 200

Thereby
/ˌðerˈbaɪ/

Answer 200

Adverb:
By that means; as a result of that (بدان وسیله، بدان طریق، به آن وسیله).
“Students perform in hospitals, thereby gaining a deeper awareness of the therapeutic power of music”.

Question 201

Wayward
/ˈweɪ.wɚd/

Answer 201

Adjective:
Difficult to control or predict because of wilful or perverse behavior (متمرد، خیره‌سر، خودسر، سرکش).
“A wayward adolescent”.

Question 202

Encrust

Answer 202

Noun:
Cover or decorate (something) with a hard surface layer ().
“The mussels encrust navigation buoys”.