The Great Decoupling

Question 1

Requisite
/ˈrek.wə.zɪt/

Answer 1

Adjective:
Made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations (مورد نیاز، بایا، لازم).
“The application will not be processed until the requisite fee is paid”.

Noun:
A thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end (لازمه، لزوم).
“She believed privacy to be a requisite for a peaceful life”.

Question 2

Lint
/lɪnt/

Answer 2

Noun:
Short, fine fibres which separate from the surface of cloth or yarn during processing (کرک، پرز، ضایعات پنبه).
“Some fabrics leave tiny specks of lint on the glass”.

A fabric, originally of linen, with a raised nap on one side, used for dressing wounds (پارچه‌ی بانداژ پنبه‌ای).
“He smeared ointment on a strip of lint”.

Question 3

Linen
/ˈlɪn.ɪn/

Answer 3

Noun:
Cloth woven from flax (کتان، پارچه‌ی کتانی).
“A linen suit”.

Question 4

Shed
/ʃed/

Answer 4

Noun:
A simple roofed structure used for garden storage, to shelter animals, or as a workshop (الونک، اتاقک).
“A bicycle shed”.

A larger structure for storing or maintaining vehicles or other machinery (انباری).
“A shed is required for the three engines”.

Verb:
Park (a vehicle) in a depot* (در انبار پارک کردن).
“The buses were temporarily shedded in that depot”.
*depot: انبار، دپو.

(Of a tree or other plant) allow (leaves or fruit) to fall to the ground (خزان کردن، ریختن میوه و برگ از درخت).
“Both varieties shed leaves in winter”.

(Of a reptile, insect, etc.) allow (its skin or shell) to come off, to be replaced by another one that has grown underneath (پوست‌انداختن).

Take off (clothes) (لباس در آوردن).
“We shed our jackets”.

Discard (something undesirable, superfluous, or outdated) (چیزی نامطلوب، زائد یا قدیمی را حذف کردن، دور انداختن، حذف کردن).
“Many firms use relocation as an opportunity to shed jobs”.

Cast or give off (light) (نور تاباندن، ساطع کردن، رخشاندن).
“The full moon shed a watery light on the scene”.

BRITISH
Accidentally allow (something) to fall off or spill (چیزی اتفاقی ریختن).
“A lorry* shed its load of steel bars”.
*lorry: کامیون، ماشین باری.

Phrase:
Shed blood — be injured or killed; kill or injure someone (خون ریختن).
“As the father of a US Marine who has shed blood in combat, I find this disrespectful”.
“They are shedding the blood of innocent people”.

Shed tears — weep; cry (اشک ریختن).

Question 5

Total war
/ˈtoʊ.t̬əl, wɔːr/

Answer 5

Noun:
Military conflict in which the contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory, as distinguished from limited war (جنگ تمام عیار).
“Despite his strong distaste for war, Lincoln was not afraid to wage total war to achieve total victory”.

Question 6

Betake
/bɪˈteɪk/

Answer 6

Verb:
LITERARY
go to (خود را به جایی بردن، خود را به جایی رساندن).
“I shall betake myself to my lodgings”
“He hastily betook himself to the top of the house.”

Question 7

Proclaim
/proʊˈkleɪm/

Answer 7

Verb:
Announce officially or publicly (رسما اعلام کردن، علنی معرفی کردن**).
“They proclaimed that housing shortages would be solved within ten years”.
“He proclaimed King James II as King of England”.

Say something emphatically; declare (با قاطعیت گفتن).
“She proclaimed that what I had said was untrue”.

Indicate clearly (دلالت کردن، مبین بودن).
“His high, intelligent forehead proclaimed a strength of mind that was almost tangible”.

Question 8

Conscription
/kənˈskrɪp.ʃən/

Answer 8

Noun:
Compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces (خدمت وظیفه‌ی عمومی).
“Conscription was extended to married men”.

Question 9

Quibble
/ˈkwɪb.əl/

Answer 9

Noun:
A slight objection or criticism about a trivial matter (خرده‌گیری، ایرادگیری).
“The only quibble about this book is the price”.

Verb:
Argue or raise objections about a trivial matter (خرده گرفتن، ایراد گرفتن، بحث و جدل کردن، کل کل کردن).
“They are always quibbling about the amount they are prepared to pay”.

Question 10

Autocrat
/ˈɑː.t̬ə.kræt/

Answer 10

Noun:
A ruler who has absolute power (خودکامه، دیکتاتور، حاکم مطلق، اُتوکرات، تک‌سالار).
“Like many autocrats, Franco found the exercise of absolute power addictive”.

Question 11

Legislation
/ˌledʒ.əˈsleɪ.ʃən/

Answer 11

Noun:
Laws, considered collectively (قانون، حقوق، قانون‌گزاری، قوانین عمومی).
“Housing legislation”.

Question 12

Commission
/kəˈmɪʃ.ən/

Answer 12

Noun:
an instruction, command, or role given to a person or group (دستورالعمل یا فرمان یا وظیفه‌ی محوله به یک شخص یا گروه).
“One of his first commissions was to redesign the Great Exhibition building”.

An order for something, especially a work of art, to be produced specially (سفارش هنری).
“Mozart at last received a commission to write an opera”.

A group of people entrusted by a government or other official body with authority to do something (کمیسیون، گروه نمایندگان دولتی، گماشتگان).
“A commission was appointed to investigate the allegations”.

A sum, typically a set percentage of the value involved, paid to an agent in a commercial transaction (کارمزد، حق‌الزحمه).
“Foreign banks may charge a commission”.

A warrant conferring the rank of officer in an army, navy, or Air Force (حکم انتصاب یا اعطای درجه).
“He has resigned his commission”.

The action of committing a crime or offence (ارتکاب جرم).
“The commission of an arrestable offence”.

Verb:
Order or authorize the production of (something) (مجوز یا سفارش تولید چیزی را صادر کردن).
“The portrait was commissioned by his widow in 1792”.
“They commissioned an architect to manage the building project”.

Bring (something newly produced) into working condition (تجهیزات جدید را در سرویس قرار دادن یا راه‌اندازی کردن).
“We had a few hiccups getting the heating equipment commissioned”.

Appoint (someone) to the rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force (درجه اعطا کردن یا ارتقا دادن).
“He was commissioned into the Royal Fusiliers”.

Phrase:
Out of commission — not in service; not in working order (از کار افتاده، خارج از سرویس).
“My car is out of commission until a new clutch arrives”.

Question 13

Almighty
/ɑːlˈmaɪ.t̬i/

Answer 13

Adjective:
Having complete power; omnipotent (قادر متعال).
“I swear by almighty God”.

Noun:
A name or title for God (خداوند توانا).
“I wanted to beg the Almighty for mercy”.

Question 14

Franchise
/ˈfræn.tʃaɪz/

Answer 14

Noun:
An authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities, for example acting as an agent for a company’s products (جواز، مجوز، حق نمایندگی، انحصار، امتیاز، جواز قانونی، فرانشیز).
“Toyota granted the group a franchise”.

The right to vote in public elections (حق رای).
“The franchise was limited to Estonian citizens”.

Verb:
Grant a franchise to (an individual or group) (مجوز دادن، امتیاز دادن، حق رای دادن، مجوز نمایندگی اعطا کردن).
“A franchised dealer”.

Question 15

In the wake of
/weɪk/

Answer 15

Phrase:
Following (someone or something), especially as a consequence (پیروِ، در پیِ).
“The committee was set up in the wake of the inquiry”.

Question 16

Suffrage
/ˈsʌf.rɪdʒ/

Answer 16

Noun:
The right to vote in political elections (حق رای).
“Universal adult suffrage”.
Universal suffrage (= the right of all adults to vote).

(In the Book of Common Prayer) the intercessory petitions pronounced by a priest in the Litany (استدعا، دعا).

Question 17

Render
/ˈren.dɚ/

Answer 17

Verb:
Provide or give (a service, help, etc.) (فراهم کردن، ارائه کردن، عرضه کردن).
“Money serves as a reward for services rendered”.

Deliver (a verdict or judgement) (حکم قضایی صادر کردن، رای ابلاغ کردن).
“The jury’s finding amounted to the clearest verdict yet rendered upon the scandal”.

LITERARY
Give up; surrender (تسلیم شدن یا کردن).
“He will render up his immortal soul”.

Cause to be or become; make (ساختن، کردن، شدن، سبب شدن یا کردن).
“The rains rendered his escape impossible”.

Represent or depict artistically (هنرمندانه عرضه یا تصویر کردن، هنرمندانه بازپردازی کردن، نقش کردن).
“The eyes and the cheeks are exceptionally well rendered”.

Perform (a piece of music) (نواختن).
“A soprano solo reverently rendered by Linda Howie”.

Translate (ترجمه کردن).
“The phrase was rendered into English”.

Melt down (fat) in order to clarify it (چربی را ذوب و پالایش کردن).
“The fat was being cut up and rendered for lard*”.
*lard: پیه‌ی خوک، چربی حیوانی.

Cover (stone or brick) with a coat of plaster (گچ‌کاری کردن).
“External walls will be rendered and tiled”.

COMPUTING
Process (an outline image) using colour and shading in order to make it appear solid and three-dimensional (تصویر پرداخت کردن، ایجاد تصویر سه بعدی با کامپیوتر).
“He is forced to render images by intermixing pixels of a few basic colours”.

Noun:
A first coat of plaster applied to a brick or stone surface (گچ دیوار).

Question 18

Cannon fodder
/ˈkæn.ən ˌfɑː.dɚ/

Answer 18

Noun:
Soldiers regarded merely as material to be expended in war (گوشت جلوی گلوله، خوراک توپ، گوشت دم توپ).
“They ended up serving as cannon fodder in Vietnam”.

Fodder: علوفه، علف، غذا دادن.

Question 19

Pillage
/ˈpɪl.ɪdʒ/

Answer 19

Verb:
Rob a (place) using violence, especially in wartime (غارت کردن، چپاول کردن).
“The abbey was plundered and pillaged”.

Noun:
The action of pillaging a place or property, especially in war (غارت، چپاول، تاراج).
“Rebellious peasants intent on pillage”.

Question 20

Sobering
/ˈsoʊ.bɚ.ɪŋ/

Answer 20

Adjective:
Creating a more serious, sensible, or solemn mood (تکان دهنده، هشدار دهنده، هشیار کننده).
“A sobering thought”.

Sober: هشیار، عاقل، کسی که تحت تاثیر الکل نمی‌باشد.

Question 21

Awe
/ɑː/

Answer 21

Noun:
A feeling of reverential respect mixed with fear or wonder (ترس توام با احترام، هیبت).
“They gazed in awe at the small mountain of diamonds”.

Verb:
Inspire with awe (هیبت‌زده شدن، به ابهت چیزی پی بردن، در عجب فرو رفتن، تکریم کردن، حس ترس توام با احترام داشتن).
“They were both awed by the vastness of the forest”.

Awestruck
/ˈɑː.strʌk/

Adjective:
Filled with or revealing awe (حیرت‌زده، بهت‌زده، شگفت‌زده).
“People were awestruck by the pictures sent back to earth”.

Question 22

Marionette
/ˌmer.i.əˈnet/

Answer 22

Noun:
A puppet worked by strings (عروسک خیمه‌شب‌بازی).
“The bird bobs* up and down like a marionette”.
*bob: ورجه وورجه کردن، بالا پایین پریدن، جست و خیز کردن.

A person who is easily manipulated or controlled (بازیچه‌ی دست دیگران).
“Many officers dismissed him as the mayor’s marionette”.

Question 23

Do away with
/də, əˈweɪ, wɪð/

Answer 23

Phrase:
INFORMAL
Remove or put an end to something (نابود کردن، منسوخ کردن، از بین بردن، کنار گذاشتن).
“Some airlines have done away with reclining seats”.

Kill someone (کُشتن، به قتل رساندن).
“She didn’t have the courage to do away with him”.

————————
Irrelevant!!
“Off with his head”. (سر از بدنش جدا کنید)

Question 24

White-collar
/ˌwaɪtˈkɑː.lɚ/

Answer 24

Adjective:
Relating to the work done or the people who work in an office or other professional environment (پشت میز نشین، کار دفتری، کارمند اداری).
“These days, few white-collar workers actually wear white shirts”.

Denoting non-violent crime committed by white-collar workers, especially fraud (تخلف اداری خصوصا کلاه‌برداری).

Opposite:
Blue-collar (کار یدی، کارگر).

Question 25

Hoax
/hoʊks/

Answer 25

Noun:
A humorous or malicious deception (کلک سرکاری، شوخی خرکی، حقه، کلک).
“The evidence had been planted as part of an elaborate hoax”.

Verb:
Trick or deceive (someone); play a practical joke on (شوخی خرکی کردن، گول زدن، دست انداختن، سر کار گذاشتن).

Question 26

Impassioned
/ɪmˈpæʃ.ənd/

Answer 26

Adjective:
Filled with or showing great emotion (پر شور و حرارت).
“She made an impassioned plea for help”.

Question 27

Loophole
/ˈluːp.hoʊl/

Answer 27

Noun:
An ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules (راه در رو، مفر، راه گریز مالیاتی یا قانونی، کلاه شرعی یا قانونی).
“They exploited tax loopholes”.

HISTORICAL
An arrow slit in a wall (مَزغَل، منفذ دیوار قلعه برای پرتاب تیر).

Verb:
Make arrow slits in (a wall) (در دیوار مزغل ساختن).
“The walls of the barracks were loopholed for muskets”.

Question 28

Gargantuan
/ɡɑːrˈɡæn.tʃu.ən/

Answer 28

Adjective:
Enormous (عظیم، غول پیکر، کلان).
“A gargantuan appetite”.
“A gargantuan business contract”.

Question 29

Eventual
/ɪˈven.tʃu.əl/

Answer 29

Adjective:
Occurring or existing at the end of or as a result of a process or period of time (احتمالی، پیامد، پایانی، نهایی).
“It’s impossible to predict the eventual outcome of the competition”.

——————
Eventually: (Adverb)
در نهایت، بالاخره، سرانجام.

——————
Eventuality: (Noun)
احتمال، امکان.

Question 30

Fair game
/ˌfer ˈɡeɪm/

Answer 30

Noun:
A person or thing that is considered a reasonable target for criticism, exploitation, or attack (لقمه‌ی چرب و نرم، طعمه‌ی آسان و آماده).
“When it came to practical jokes, he regarded anybody as fair game”.

Question 31

Cholera
/ˈkɑː.lɚ.ə/

Answer 31

Noun:
An infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies and causing severe vomiting and diarrhea (وبا).
“Since 1817, seven cholera pandemics have been recorded”.

Question 32

Cross-reference
/ˌkrɑːsˈref.ɚ.əns/

Answer 32

Noun:
A reference to another text or part of a text, typically given in order to elaborate on a point (ارجاع).
“I have to correct the page proofs and check the cross-references”.

Verb:
Provide with cross references (ارجاع دادن).
“Entries are fully cross-referenced”.

Question 33

Meagre
/ˈmiː.ɡɚ/

Answer 33

Adjective:
(Of something provided or available) lacking in quantity or quality (ناچیز، اندک، بی‌مقدار).
“They were forced to supplement their meagre earnings”.

(Of a person or animal) lean; thin (لاغر، نحیف، نزار).
“A tall, meagre man”.

Question 34

Malady
/ˈmæl.ə.di/

Answer 34

Noun:
A disease or ailment (بیماری، مرض، کسالت، ناخوشی).
“An incurable malady”.

A serious problem (گرفتاری، مشکل بغرنج).
“The nation’s maladies”.

Question 35

Jeopardy
/ˈdʒep.ɚ.di/

Answer 35

Noun:
Danger of loss, harm, or failure (مخاطره، سیج، ورطه).
“The whole peace process is in jeopardy”.

Question 36

Groom
/ɡruːm/

Answer 36

Verb:
Brush and clean the coat of (a horse, dog, or other animal) (مهتری کردن، تیمار کردن).
“The horses were groomed and taken to shows”.

Prepare or train (someone) for a particular purpose or activity (آماده کردن، مهیا کردن، برای کاری خاص آموزش یا آماده کردن).
“Star pupils who are groomed for higher things”.

Give a neat and tidy appearance to (someone) (آراستن).
“Keeping oneself groomed is important and can have a positive impact on one’s attitude”.

Form a relationship with (a child or young person) with the intention of sexually assaulting them or inducing them to commit an illegal act such as selling drugs or joining a terrorist organization (اغفال کردن).
“He groomed a 14-year-old girl online while pretending to be a former soldier”.

Noun:
A person employed to take care of horses (مهتر).

A bridegroom (داماد).
“The tradition is said to bring good luck to the bride and groom”.

Question 37

Intestine
/ɪnˈtes.tɪn/

Answer 37

Noun:
(In vertebrates) the lower part of the alimentary canal from the end of the stomach to the anus (روده، دل و روده).
“The contents of the intestine”.

Question 38

Hypochondriac
/ˌhaɪ.poʊˈkɑːn.dri.æk/

Answer 38

Noun:
A person who is abnormally anxious about their health (خود بیمار انگار، بیماری هراس).
“She’s a terrible hypochondriac - she’s always at the doctor’s”.

Question 39

Ilk
/ɪlk/

Answer 39

Noun:
A type of person or thing similar to one already referred to (هم‌نوع، همانند، مثل کسی یا چیزی، هم‌گونه).
“The veiled suggestions that reporters of his ilk seem to be so good at”.

Question 40

Adverse
/ædˈvɝːs/

Answer 40

Adjective:
Preventing success or development; harmful; unfavorable (ناسازگار، نامساعد، مضر، مغایر).
“Taxes are having an adverse effect on production”.

Question 41

Ware
/wer/

Answer 41

Noun:
Pottery, typically that of a specified type (سفالینه).
“Blue-and-white majolica ware”.

Articles offered for sale (متاع، کالا، جنس).
“Traders in the street markets displayed their wares”.

Adjective:
ARCHAIC
aware (آگاه، مطلع، باخبر).
“Thou speak’st wiser than thou art ware of” (تو از آنچه که فکر می‌کنی عاقلانه‌تر سخن می‌گویی).

Exclamation: (بانگ، ندا، فریاد)
Used as a warning cry, typically during a hunt (فریاد هشدار، آهای).
“‘Ware!’ the warden cried, rousing the crew”.

Question 42

Introvert
/ˈɪn.trə.vɝːt/

Answer 42

Noun:
A shy, reticent person (درون‌گرا).
“I’m an introvert and don’t like public speaking”

Adjective:
another term for introverted (درون‌گرایی).

Opposite:
Extrovert

Question 43

Abacus
/ˈæb.ə.kəs/

Answer 43

Noun:
A simple device for calculating, consisting of a frame with rows of wires or grooves along which beads are slid (چرتکه).
“At these schools children worked on an abacus to learn basic mathematics”.

Question 44

Pre-eminence
/ˌpriːˈem.ə.nəns/

Answer 44

Noun:
The fact of surpassing all others; superiority (برتری).
“The Edinburgh Festival maintains its pre-eminence because of the quality of its programming”.

Eminence: عالیجناب، والامقام، بزرگی، شایستگی، برتری.

Question 45

Lay to rest
/leɪ/

Answer 45

Lay something to rest
Idiom:
Stop doubt, uncertainty, or anxiety by resolving or explaining an issue (خاتمه دادن).
“Suspicion will be laid to rest by fact rather than hearsay”.

Lay someone to rest
Idiom:
To bury a dead person (دفن کردن، مدفون ساختن، به خاک سپردن).
“She was laid to rest next to her husband”.

Question 46

Scout
/skaʊt/

Answer 46

Noun:
A soldier or other person sent out ahead of a main force so as to gather information about the enemy’s position, strength, or movements (پیش‌آهنگ، نیروی شناسایی).
“Forward scouts reported that the enemy were massing at two points ahead”.

An instance of gathering information, especially by reconnoitring an area (شناسایی، جاسوسی، تجسس).
“I returned from a lengthy scout round the area”.

A ship or aircraft employed for reconnaissance, especially a small, fast aircraft (کشتی یا هواپیمای شناسایی).
“a single-seater scout”.

DATED•INFORMAL
A man or boy (مرد، پسر).
“I’ve got nothing against old Adrian—he’s a good scout”.

Verb:
Make a search for someone or something in various places (تجسس کردن، به دنبال کسی یا چیزی مناطق مختلف را جستجو کردن).
“I was sent to scout around for a place to park the camper”.

Reject (a proposal or idea) with scorn (تسخر زدن، استهزا کردن، با تمسخر رد کردن).
“He scouts the claim that the aristocrats cared much for the art treasures their ancestors had bought”.

Phrase:
Scout’s honour — the oath taken by a Scout (سوگند پیش‌آهنگی).

Question 47

Fetch
/fetʃ/

Answer 47

Verb:
Go for and then bring back (someone or something) for someone (رفتن و چیزی یا کسی را برای شخصی آوردن، رفتن و آوردن).
“He ran to fetch help”.

Achieve (a particular price) when sold (به نرخ خاصی دست یافتن).
“The land could fetch over a million pounds”.

Noun:
The distance travelled by wind or waves across open water (مسافت پیموده شده توسط باد یا موج بر سطح آب‌های آزاد).

The apparition or double of a living person, formerly believed to be a warning of that person’s impending death (شبه، روح).
“I saw a fetch who looked like me”.

Phrase:
Fetch and carry — perform a succession of menial tasks for someone as if one was their servant (پا دویی کردن).
“She’s always fetching and carrying for her boss – I don’t know how she puts up with it”.

Fetch up — arrive or come to rest somewhere, typically by accident or unintentionally (اتفاقی از جایی سر در آوردن).
“All four of them fetched up in the saloon bar of the Rose and Crown”.

Question 48

The cream of something
/kriːm/

Answer 48

Idiom:
The best of a particular group of things or people (گل سر سبد، بهترین).
“The cream of this year’s graduates have gone abroad for jobs”.