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EMT- Definitions Knowlege Database > The Human Body > Flashcards

The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

abdomin

A

the body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion; located below diaphragm above the

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2
Q

Acetabulum

A

the depression on lateral pelvis where it’s three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits snugly

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3
Q

Adam’s apple or thyroid cartilage

A

firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx. Is more prominent in men than women

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4
Q

adenosine triphosphate ATP

A

nucleotide involved in energy metabolism ; used to store energy

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5
Q

adrenal glands

A

endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

adrenergic

A

pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter nurofen a friend, or noradrenaline

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7
Q

aerobic metabolism

A

metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen

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8
Q

agonal gasps

A

abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac arrest

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9
Q

Alpha adrenergic receptors

A

portions of the nervous system that when stimulated can cause constriction of blood vessels

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10
Q

alveoli

A

the air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place

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11
Q

anaerobic metabolism

A

metabolism that takes place in absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid

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12
Q

anatomic position

A

position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with Palms of the hands forward

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13
Q

aorta

A

the main artery leaving the left side of the heart and caring freshly oxygenated blood to the body

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14
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

the portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle

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15
Q

appendix

A

hey small, tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum of the abdominal

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16
Q

arterioles

A

the smallest branches of the arteries leading in the vast network of capillaries

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17
Q

articular cartilage

A

paperly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones in the synovial joints

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18
Q

atrium

A

one of the two upper chambers of the heart

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19
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

the part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily

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20
Q

axial skeleton

A

the part of the skeleton comprising the skull, spinal column, and rib cage

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21
Q

ball and socket joint

A

a joint that allows internal and external rotation, as well as bending

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22
Q

beta adrenergic receptors

A

portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause increase in the force of contraction of the heart, and increase heart rate, and bronchial dilation

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23
Q

biceps

A

the large muscle that covers a front of the humerus

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24
Q

bile ducts

A

the ducks that can Vibe I’ll between the liver and the intestine

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25
Q

blood pressure

A

the pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them

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26
Q

brachial artery

A

the major vessel in the upper extremities that supplies blood to the arm

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27
Q

brain

A

controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control reactions to the environment, emotional response, and judgment

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28
Q

brain stem

A

area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration

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29
Q

capillary vessels

A

the tiny blood vessels between the arterioles and venules that permit transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes between body tissue and blood

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30
Q

cardiac muscle

A

the heart muscle

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31
Q

cardiac output Co

A

a measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate

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32
Q

carotid artery

A

the major artery that supplies Blood to the Head and brain

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33
Q

cartilage

A

the smooth connective tissue that forms the support structure the skeletal system and provides cushion between bones; also forms and nasal septum and portions of the outer ear

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34
Q

cecum

A

the first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens

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35
Q

central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

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36
Q

cerebellum

A

one of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the little brain; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements

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37
Q

cerebrospinal fluid CSF

A

fluid production in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes in the meninges

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38
Q

cerebrum

A

the largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the gray matter; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions and personality

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39
Q

cervical spine

A

the portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck

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40
Q

chordae tendineae

A

then bands of fibrous tissues that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting

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41
Q

chyme

A

the substance that leaves the stomach. eaten Foods and stomach facets

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42
Q

circulatory system

A

the complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins, the moves blood, oxygen nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular wastes throughout the body

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43
Q

clavicle

A

the collarbon; is lateral to the sternum anterior to the scapula

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44
Q

Coccyx

A

the last three or four vertebrae of the spine tailbone

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45
Q

Coronel plane

A

an imaginary plane where the body is divided into front and back parts

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46
Q

cranium

A

area of the head above the ears and eyes the skull the cranium contains the brain

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47
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

a firm Ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx

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48
Q

cricothyroid membrane

A

a thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilage that makes up the larynx

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49
Q

Dead Space

A

any portion of the airway that does not contain air and cannot participate in gas exchange, such as trachea and bronchi

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50
Q

dermis

A

the inner layer of skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels

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51
Q

diaphragm

A

a muscular Dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. contraction of this brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to expel from the lungs.

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52
Q

diastole

A

the relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially after the ventricles

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53
Q

diffusion

A

movement of gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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54
Q

digestion

A

the process of food that nourishes the individual soul the body

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55
Q

dorsalis pedis artery

A

the artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals

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56
Q

endocrine system

A

the complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.

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57
Q

enzymes

A

substances designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions

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58
Q

epidermis

A

the outer layer of skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body

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59
Q

epiglottis

A

Ethan, leave shape valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents Food and liquid from entering

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60
Q

epinephrine

A

Adrenaline produced by The General medulla that has a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous system

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61
Q

esophagus

A

a collapsible to that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; muscle contractions Propel food and liquids through it to the stomach

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62
Q

expiratory Reserve volume

A

the amount of air that can be expelled from a normal exhalation

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63
Q

extension

A

the straightening of a joint

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64
Q

fallopian tubes

A

long, slender tubes that extend from the uterus to the region of the ovary on the same side and through which the ovum passes from the ovary to the uterus

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65
Q

femoral artery

A

the major artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. IT Supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and lakes. It can be palpated in the groin area

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66
Q

femoral head

A

the proximal end of the femur, articulating with the acetabulum to form the hip joint

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67
Q

femur

A

the thigh bone

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68
Q

flexion

A

the bending of a joint

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69
Q

foramen magnum

A

a large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord

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70
Q

frontal bone

A

portion of the cranium that forms the forehead

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71
Q

gallbladder

A

a sack on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct

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72
Q

genital system

A

reproductive system in men and women

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73
Q

germinal layer

A

the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed

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74
Q

greater trochanter

A

bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint

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75
Q

hair follicles

A

the small organs that produce hair

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76
Q

heart

A

a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body

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77
Q

heart rate

A

number of heartbeats during a specific time usually 1 minute

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78
Q

hinge joint

A

George that convened in straighten but cannot rotate

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79
Q

hormones

A

substances formed in specialized Oregon’s or glands and carry to another Oregon or group of cells in the same organism; regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth and body temperature

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80
Q

humorous

A

supporting bone of the upper arm

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81
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure of water against the walls of its container

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82
Q

hypoxic Drive

A

a backup system to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen levels in the blood

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83
Q

Ilium

A

one of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring

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84
Q

inferior vena cava

A

one of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and abdominal organs to the heart.

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85
Q

inspiratory Reserve volume

A

the amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation; amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to normal tidal volume

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86
Q

interstitial space

A

the space in between the cells

87
Q

involuntary muscle

A

muscle over which a person has no conscious control. It is found in many automatic regulated systems of the body

88
Q

ischium

A

one of three bones that fuse from the public ring

89
Q

joint (articulation)

A

place where two bones come into contact

90
Q

kidneys

A

2 retroperitoneal organs xr8 the end products of metabolisms that urine and regulate the body salt and water content

91
Q

labored breathing

A

use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest; occurs when air movement is impaired

92
Q

lactic acid

A

metallic by product of the breakdown of glucose accumulates when metabolism precedes in absence of oxygen ( anaerobic metabolism)

93
Q

large intestine

A

the portion of the digestive to that in circles you have Dom and round the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. helps regulate water balance and eliminate Solid Waste

94
Q

lesser trochanter

A

projection on the medial Superior portion of the femur

95
Q

ligament

A

a band of fibrous tissue that connects bones to Bone. It supports and strengthens of joints

96
Q

liver

A

a large, solid organ that lies in the right upper quadrant immediately below the diaphragm ; it produces bile, stores glucose for immediate use by the body, and produces many substances that help regulate immune responses.

97
Q

lumbar spine

A

the lower part of the back, formed by the lowest 5 nonfused vertebrae; also called the dorsal spine

98
Q

Lymph

A

Heath Inn, straw-colored fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells and carries waste products of metabolism away from the cells and back into the capillaries so that they may be exerted

99
Q

lymph nodes

A

tiny, oval shaped structures located in various places along the lymph vessels filter lymph

100
Q

mandible

A

the bone of the lower jaw

101
Q

manubrium

A

the upper corner of the sternum

102
Q

maxillae

A

the upper jaw bones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate and hold the upper teeth

103
Q

medulla oblongata

A

nerve tissue that is continuous and fear of the spinal cord; serves as a conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve tracks; coordinates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing

104
Q

metabolism (cellular respiration)

A

the biochemical process that results in production of energy from nutrients within cells

105
Q

midbrain

A

the part of the brain that is responsible for helping the to regulate the level of consciousness

106
Q

midsagittal plane (midline)

A

imaginary vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and umbilicus(navel) to the floor, dividing the body into equal left and right halves.

107
Q

minute volume (minute ventilation)

A

the volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs per minute; calculated by multiplying the title volume of respiratory rate

108
Q

motor nerves

A

nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body

109
Q

mucous membrane

A

lining of body cavities and passages that communicate directly indirectly with the environment outside the body

110
Q

mucus

A

the watery secretion of the mucous membrane that lubricates the body open

111
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

the bones and voluntary muscles of the body

112
Q

myocardium

A

the heart muscle

113
Q

nasopharynx

A

the part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth, or palate.

114
Q

nervous system

A

the system that controls virtually all activities of the body both voluntary and involuntary

115
Q

norepinephrine

A

can you transmitter and Drug sometimes used in treatment of shock; produces vasoconstriction through its Alpha stimulator properties

116
Q

occiput

A

the most posterior portion of the cranium

117
Q

oncotic pressure

A

the pressure of water to move, typically into the capillary, as a result of the presence of plasma protein

118
Q

Orbit

A

the eye socket, made up of the maxilla and zygoma

119
Q

oropharynx

A

a tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

120
Q

ovaries

A

female glands that produce sex hormones and ova (eggs)

121
Q

pancreas

A

a flat, solid organ that lies below the liver and the stomach; is a major source of digestive enzyme and produces the hormone insulin

122
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, involved in control of involuntary functions, immediately large by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine.

123
Q

palatial bones

A

the bones that lie between the temporal and occipital region of the cranium

124
Q

patella

A

the kneecap

125
Q

pathophysiology

A

the study of how normal physiology processes affected by disease

126
Q

perfusion

A

the circulation of oxygenated blood within and Oregon or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs

127
Q

peripheral nervous system pns

A

the part of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. these may be sensory nerves, motor nerves, or connecting nerves

128
Q

peristalsis

A

the wave-like contraction of smooth muscles by which the ureters or other typical organs Propel their contents

129
Q

plasma

A

a sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transport cells waste material to organs of exertion

130
Q

platelets

A

tiny, this shape elements that are much smaller than the cells; they are essentially in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding

131
Q

Pleura

A

the serious membrane covering the lungs and lining the thorax, completely enclosing a potential space known as a pleural space

132
Q

pleural space

A

the potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura;

133
Q

pons

A

an organ that lies between the midbrain and above the medulla and contains numerous important nerve fiber, including those for Sleep, respiration, and the medullary respiration Center

134
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

the artery just behind the medial malleolus; supplies blood to the foot

135
Q

prostate glands

A

a small gland that surrounds the male urethra where emergence from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the ejaculatory fluid

136
Q

pubic symphysis

A

a hard, bony, and cartilaginous prominence found at the midline and the lowermost portion of abdomin with a two halves of the pelvic ring are joined by cartilage at a joint with minimal motion

137
Q

pubis

A

one of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring

138
Q

pulmonary artery

A

the major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; carries oxygen poor blood

139
Q

pulmonary circulation (lesser circulation)

A

the flow of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries and all the branches in capillaries in the lungs and back to the left atrium through the venules and pulmonary veins

140
Q

pulmonary veins

A

the four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

141
Q

pulse

A

the way of of pressure created as a heart contracts and forces Blood Out the left ventricle and into the major arteries

142
Q

radial artery

A

major artery in the forearm; palpable at the wrist on the thumb side

143
Q

radius

A

the bone on the thumb side of the forearm

144
Q

rectum

A

the lowermost end of the colon

145
Q

red blood cells (erythrocytes)

A

so they carry oxygen to the body’s tissue

146
Q

renal pelvis

A

hey Khan shaped area that collects urine from the kidneys and funnels it through the ureter into the bladder

147
Q

residual volume

A

the air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

148
Q

respiration

A

the inhaling and exhaling of air; exchanges carbon dioxide from fresh air

149
Q

respiration compromise

A

the inability of the body to move gas effectively

150
Q

respiratory system

A

all the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower Airways and their component parts

151
Q

reticular activity system

A

located in the upper brain stem. responsible for maintenance of Consciousness, specifically ones level of arousal

152
Q

retroperitoneal

A

behind the abdominal cavity

153
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

the connection point between the pelvis and the vertebral column

154
Q

sacrum

A

one of three bones that make up the pelvic ring. Sacrum and two pelvic bones

155
Q

sagittal (lateral) plane

A

an imaginary line where the body is divided into left and right parts

156
Q

salivary glands

A

the glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist

157
Q

scalp

A

the thick skin covering the cranium, which usually Bears hair

158
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

159
Q

sebaceous glands

A

glands that produce an oily substance called 7, which discharged along the shaft of the hairs

160
Q

semen

A

fluid ejaculation from the penis and containing sperm

161
Q

seminal vessels

A

storage sacks for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate

162
Q

sensory nerve

A

the nerves that carry Sensational such as touch, taste, smell, heat, cold, and pain from the body to the central nervous system

163
Q

shock

A

an abnormal State associated with inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the cells of the body, also known as hyperperfusion

164
Q

shoulder girdle

A

the proximal portion of the upper extremities, made up with a clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus

165
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint ; straited, or voluntary, muscle

166
Q

skeleton

A

the framework that gives the body its recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the volume protect the vital organs.

167
Q

small intestine

A

the portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum

168
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary muscle

169
Q

somatic nervous system

A

the part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control

170
Q

sphincters

A

muscles arranged in circles that are able to decrease the diameter of tubes. examples found within the rectum, bladder, blood vessels

171
Q

sphygmomanomrter

A

device used to measure blood pressure

172
Q

spinal cord

A

extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Lies inside and it protects Itself by the spinal canal

173
Q

sternum

A

the breastbone

174
Q

stratum corneum layer

A

the outmost or dead layer of the skin

175
Q

stroke volume SV

A

volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricle contraction

176
Q

subconscious tissue

A

tissues, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body

177
Q

superior vena cava

A

one of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck and chest Into the Heart

178
Q

sweat glands

A

glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin

179
Q

symphysis

A

a type of joint that has grown together to form a very stable connection

180
Q

synovial fluid

A

the smallest amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication

181
Q

synovial membrane

A

the lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space

182
Q

systemic circulation

A

portion of the circulatory system outside of the heart and lungs

183
Q

systemic vascular resistance svr

A

the resistance that blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessels

184
Q

systole

A

the contraction, or. Of contraction, of the heart, especially that of The ventricle

185
Q

temporal bones

A

lateral Bones on each side of the cranium. the temples

186
Q

Tendance

A

fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

187
Q

testicle

A

male genital gland that contain specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm

188
Q

thoracic cage

A

chest or rib cage

189
Q

thoracic spine

A

the 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumber vertebrae. One pair of the ribs attached to each of these vertebrae

190
Q

thorax

A

the chest cavity that contains the heart, lung, stopping us, and great vessels

191
Q

thyroid cartilage (Adams apple)

A

a firm prominence of cartilage that forms upper part of the larynx

192
Q

tibia

A

the shin bone. larger of the two bones of the lower leg

193
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath. About 500 mL for an adult

194
Q

typographic Anatomy

A

superficial landmarks of the body that serves as guides to the structures that lie beneath them

195
Q

trachea

A

the windpipe. main trunk for air passing to and from lungs

196
Q

transverse (axial) plane

A

an imaginary line where the body is divided into top and bottom parts

197
Q

triceps

A

the muscle in the back of the upper arm

198
Q

Tunica Media

A

midline and thickest layer of tissue of hey blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue

199
Q

ulna

A

inner bone of the forearm on the side opposite the thumb

200
Q

ureter

A

small, Hollow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to bladder

201
Q

urethra

A

Canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body

202
Q

urinary bladder

A

Sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine

203
Q

urinary system

A

organs that control discharge of certain waste material filtered from blood and excreted as urine

204
Q

vagina

A

a muscular, distensible tube that connects the uterus with the vulva. also called birth canal

205
Q

Vasa deferentia

A

the spermatic duct of the testicles. also called vas deferens

206
Q

ventilation

A

the movement of air between the lungs and the environment

207
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

208
Q

vertebrae

A

the 33 bones that make up the spinal column

209
Q

voluntary muscle

A

muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will

210
Q

VQ ratio

A

measurements that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is floater on the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Perfusion

211
Q

white blood cells

A

blood cells I have a role in the body’s immune defense mechanism against infection. Also called Leukocytes

212
Q

Xiphoid process

A

the narrow, cartilaginous lower of the sternum

213
Q

Zygomas

A

the quarter angular bones of the cheek, articulated with the frontal bone, the mix Ilya, the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone

EMT- Definitions Knowlege Database (15 decks)

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