Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
acidosis
the buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissue that results from primary illness
Adventitus breath sounds
abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi and crackles
alkalosis
the buildup of excess base in the body fluids. (lack of acids)
allergen
a substance that causes an allergic reaction
anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
an extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
asthma
an acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production on with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages
atelectasis
collapse of the alveolar air space of the lungs
bronchial breath sounds
normal breath sounds made by air movement through the bronchi
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occur in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiration syncytial virus
bronchitis
an acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue. usually associated with cough and production of bottom and depending on it’s cause, sometimes fever
carbon dioxide retention
a condition characterized by chronic high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory Center no longer in response to high blood levels of carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
an odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from in complete oxidation of carbon and combustion
chronic bronchitis
irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
a slow process of dilation and destruction of the Airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction
continuous positive airway pressure CPAP
a method of ventilation use primarily in the treatment of critically ill patient with respiratory distress. can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation
crackles
crackling rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air space of a lungs. formerly called rails
croup
an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a potential Airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough. Usually seen in children
diphtheria
infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx. The lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into a larynx
dyspnea
shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
embolus
a blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage
emphysema
the disease of the lungs in which there is Extreme dilation and eventually destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
epiglottitis
a disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper Airway obstruction
hay fever or allergic rhinities
allergic response usually to outdoor Airborne allergen such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergen such as dust mites or pet dander. Also called allergic rhinities
hyperventilation
Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide levels below normal
hyperventilation syndrome or panic attack
this syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths per minute or as low as 20 very deep breaths per minute
hypoxia
a condition in which the body cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen
hypoxic Drive
a condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the body stimulates the respiratory drive period seen in patients with chronic lung disease
influenza type A
virus that has cross the animal human barrier and has it been affected humans, recently reaching academic level with the H1 N1 strain
metered dose inhaler MDI
a miniature spray canister used to direct medications to the mouth and into the lungs
orthopnea
severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up
oxygenation
the process of delivering oxygen to the blood
pandemic
an outbreak that occurs on a global scale
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining. The person is forced to sit up to breathe
pertussis or whooping cough
and airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. patients will be feverish and exhibit a whoop sound on inspiration after a cough attack. Highly contagious through droplet infection
pleural effusion
a collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung
pleuritic chest pain
sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by deep breath or other chest wall movement. often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura
pneumonia
an infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue
pneumothorax
a partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space
pulmonary edema
the a buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure
pulmonary embolism
a blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow
respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
respiratory syncytial virus RSV
a virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing Passage. can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lung or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets
rhonchi
coarse breath sounds Hearing in patients with chronic mucus in the airways.
small volume nebulizer
a respiratory device that holds a liquid medicine that is turned into fine mist. the patient inhales a medication into the airway and lungs as a treatment for conditions such as asthma
Strider
a harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiratory sound often heard in the acute laryngeal upper Airway obstruction
tuberculosis TB
a disease that can lay dormant in a person’s Lungs for decades, then reactivate. TB is spread by cough
ventilation
exchange of air between the lungs and environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as EMT
vesicular breath sounds
a high-pitch, whistle breath sound, characterized heard on expiration in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
