The heart pump Nov1 M1 Flashcards
Wiggers diagram represents what (what variables in there)
aortic pressure, LEFT ventricular P, LEFT atrial P, LEFT ventricular volume, electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram
2 phases of systole
isovolumetric contraction, ejection
aortic pressure when isovol contraction starts and when it ends
almost at its minimum and then at its minimum (80 is aorta EDP, end diastolic volume)
ventr. P at end of diastole and how varies during isovol contraction + value at the end of isovol contract
- it goes up very quickly. 80 at end of isovol contract bc reaches aortic P
atrial P at end of diastole and how varies during isovol contraction
almost 0. goes up a little (by 10)
ventricular V at end of diastole and how it varies during isovol contraction
140 mL. stays constant
isovol contraction beginning middle and end ECG correspondence
starts at top R wave. ends right after S wave.
phonocardiogram during isovol contraction
S1 made by sum of AV valve closing at beginning of isovol contraction
ejection phase how ventr. P changes
from 80, goes up more until 120 and goes back down to 80
ejection phase how aortic P changes
goes up from 80 reaches 120 and goes back down to 95
ejection phase how atrial P changes
from 10, goes down almost to 0 quickly and then increases slowly
ejection phase how ventr. volume changes
from 130 ml, drops down 1 over x shape until 50 ml.
ECG correspondence to ejection phase
T wave starts in middle of ejection
phonocardiogram in ejection phase
nothing
3 phases of diastole
- isovol relaxation
- rapid inflow+diastasis
- atrial systole
ventr P during isovol relaxation
goes down from 80 (to 20)
aortic P during isovol relaxation
goes back up a little from 95 to 100
atrial P during isovol relaxation
is still slowly increasing, reaches 10 (its maximum)
left vent volume during isol relaxation
stays at 50 mL
ECG during isovol. relaxation
end of T wave
phonocardiogram during isovol relax
aortic valve closes at beginning + mitral valve opens at end = S2 sound
vent P during rapid inflow-diastasis
goes down (from 20) to 0 in very beginning and stays at 0
aortic P during during rapid inflow-diastasis
goes down from 95 to around 80
atrial P during during rapid inflow-diastasis
goes back down to 0
during during rapid inflow-diastasis, which P is higher between left atrium and ventricle P
atrial P a bit higher (so that flow to ventricle occurs)
ventr. volume during during rapid inflow-diastasis
ventricle fills a lot (from 50 to almost 110)
ECG during during rapid inflow-diastasis
P wave middle at end of diastasis
phonocardiogram during rapid inflow-diastasis
if S3 present, would hear it right between rapid inflow and diastasis
vent P during atrial systole
goes up slightly up and back down but above 0
aortic P during atrial systole
still decreasing, reaches its minimum of 80 at the end of atrial systole
atrial P during atrial systole
goes up a little and goes back down above 0. always greater than vent P
vent volume during atrial systole
goes up from 110 to 130 mL
ECG during atrial systole
second half of P wave then Q wave and start of R wave
left vent P variation during cardiac cycle
- 0 at end diastole, goes up to 120 during ejection, back to 0 at end of isovol relax
- stays at 0 during rapid inflow-diastasis
- increases a bit and goes back down during atrial systole
aortic P variation during cardiac cycle
- 80 at end of isovol contraction (lowest)
- goes from 80 to 120 to 95 during ejection
- 95 to 100 during isovol relax
- drops back slowly to 80 during diastole
atrial P variation during cardiac cycle
- near 0 at end diastole
- increases a bit during end isovol contraction
- drops low at start of ejection and goes back up slowly until 7-8 value at end of isovol relax
- goes down slowly during rapid inflow-diastasis
- goes up and back down during atrial systole
vent volume during cardiac cycle
- at 50 at end of isovol relax
- up to 110 during rapid inflow-diastasis
- 110 to 130 ml during atrial systole
- from 130 at end diastole to 50 at end isovol relax
ECG during cardiac cycle
- P between diastasis atrial systole
- Q and R during and at end of atrial systole
- S at end of isovol contraction
- T at end ejection + small portion in isovol relax
QRS complex present where and represents what
AP passing through AV node and sweeping over ventricular muscle. At start of systole
name of max pressure reached by LV and aorta during ejection phase
peak systolic BP
what is called the slight increase in aortic P from 95 to 100 during isovol relaxation
incisura or dicrotic notch
when does the left ventricle reach its minimum volume + name of that
ESV. when aortic valve closes. when isovol relax starts
3 things the proper filling of ventricles depends on
- filling P of blood returning to heart
- ability of AV valves to open fully
- Low resistance to stretch
what causes atrial systole (contraction) and when is it especially important
P wave. atrial systole important during exercise when low passive filling time
When is LV at its fullest and at its emptiest
at fullest right before isovol contraction
at emptiest right before isovol relaxation
SV def
EDV - ESV
Ejection fraction def
SV divided by EDV
normal ejection fraction
55-70%
systolic BP def
highest arterial BP (at peak vent contraction): 120
diastolic BP def
lowest recorded BP (at end of diastole)
normal BP
120 over 80
Pulse pressure def and normal value
systolic BP - diast BP. normal 40
diastole to systole time ratio
2:1. diastole takes two thirds of cardiac cycle
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) formula
diastolic BP + third of pulse pressure
how aorta acts when distended and why this is useful
elastic membranes. It recoils. helps maintain arterial pressure
why similar mechanical events occur at the same time in both sides of the heart
bc entire heart is served by single electrical excitation
how SV differs from one side of the heart to the other and why
is the same. (they’re in series)
how pressure varies in the right atrium
- goes up and back down at atrial contraction (7)
- goes a little bit up and back down more at isovol contraction and ejection (4,5,2)
- goes back up until isovol relax ends (5)
- back to 2 immediately and then goes up slowly until reach 7 at atrial contraction
how P varies in right ventricle
same as atrial P but after drop from 7 to 4 (atrial systole, isovol contr.), goes up to 25 at isovol contract and ejection and back down to 5 on atrial P graph at end
how pulm artery pressure varies
- increases at ejection until 24 and back down to 20 at end ejection
- back up to 22 at isovol relax
- from isovol relax to next ejection, drops down from 22 to 8
normal pulm artery pressure (syst and diast)
24 over 8
what is the jugular venous pulse
puslation in the large veins transmitted by the right atrium
why jugular vein is an important diagnostic tool
if have right heart failure or valve problem, can manifest there
a wave on right cardiac cycle
atrial and vent P rise to 7 during atrial contraction
c wave on right cardiac cycle
bump in atrial P to 5 bc of tricuspid valve leaflets bulging in RA
X descent on right cardiac cycle
atrial relaxation (ventricle is ejecting) tricuspid valve displaced downwards during systole
v wave on right cardiac cycle
bump back up of the atrial P to 5. (filling from the SVC and IVC)
Y descent on right cardiac cycle
opening of tricuspid valve and emptying of the atrium
