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sg5 > The heart pump Nov1 M1 > Flashcards

The heart pump Nov1 M1 Flashcards

1
Q

Wiggers diagram represents what (what variables in there)

A

aortic pressure, LEFT ventricular P, LEFT atrial P, LEFT ventricular volume, electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram

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2
Q

2 phases of systole

A

isovolumetric contraction, ejection

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3
Q

aortic pressure when isovol contraction starts and when it ends

A

almost at its minimum and then at its minimum (80 is aorta EDP, end diastolic volume)

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4
Q

ventr. P at end of diastole and how varies during isovol contraction + value at the end of isovol contract

A
  1. it goes up very quickly. 80 at end of isovol contract bc reaches aortic P
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5
Q

atrial P at end of diastole and how varies during isovol contraction

A

almost 0. goes up a little (by 10)

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6
Q

ventricular V at end of diastole and how it varies during isovol contraction

A

140 mL. stays constant

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7
Q

isovol contraction beginning middle and end ECG correspondence

A

starts at top R wave. ends right after S wave.

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8
Q

phonocardiogram during isovol contraction

A

S1 made by sum of AV valve closing at beginning of isovol contraction

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9
Q

ejection phase how ventr. P changes

A

from 80, goes up more until 120 and goes back down to 80

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10
Q

ejection phase how aortic P changes

A

goes up from 80 reaches 120 and goes back down to 95

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11
Q

ejection phase how atrial P changes

A

from 10, goes down almost to 0 quickly and then increases slowly

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12
Q

ejection phase how ventr. volume changes

A

from 130 ml, drops down 1 over x shape until 50 ml.

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13
Q

ECG correspondence to ejection phase

A

T wave starts in middle of ejection

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14
Q

phonocardiogram in ejection phase

A

nothing

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15
Q

3 phases of diastole

A
  • isovol relaxation
  • rapid inflow+diastasis
  • atrial systole
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16
Q

ventr P during isovol relaxation

A

goes down from 80 (to 20)

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17
Q

aortic P during isovol relaxation

A

goes back up a little from 95 to 100

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18
Q

atrial P during isovol relaxation

A

is still slowly increasing, reaches 10 (its maximum)

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19
Q

left vent volume during isol relaxation

A

stays at 50 mL

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20
Q

ECG during isovol. relaxation

A

end of T wave

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21
Q

phonocardiogram during isovol relax

A

aortic valve closes at beginning + mitral valve opens at end = S2 sound

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22
Q

vent P during rapid inflow-diastasis

A

goes down (from 20) to 0 in very beginning and stays at 0

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23
Q

aortic P during during rapid inflow-diastasis

A

goes down from 95 to around 80

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24
Q

atrial P during during rapid inflow-diastasis

A

goes back down to 0

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25
Q

during during rapid inflow-diastasis, which P is higher between left atrium and ventricle P

A

atrial P a bit higher (so that flow to ventricle occurs)

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26
Q

ventr. volume during during rapid inflow-diastasis

A

ventricle fills a lot (from 50 to almost 110)

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27
Q

ECG during during rapid inflow-diastasis

A

P wave middle at end of diastasis

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28
Q

phonocardiogram during rapid inflow-diastasis

A

if S3 present, would hear it right between rapid inflow and diastasis

29
Q

vent P during atrial systole

A

goes up slightly up and back down but above 0

30
Q

aortic P during atrial systole

A

still decreasing, reaches its minimum of 80 at the end of atrial systole

31
Q

atrial P during atrial systole

A

goes up a little and goes back down above 0. always greater than vent P

32
Q

vent volume during atrial systole

A

goes up from 110 to 130 mL

33
Q

ECG during atrial systole

A

second half of P wave then Q wave and start of R wave

34
Q

left vent P variation during cardiac cycle

A
  1. 0 at end diastole, goes up to 120 during ejection, back to 0 at end of isovol relax
  2. stays at 0 during rapid inflow-diastasis
  3. increases a bit and goes back down during atrial systole
35
Q

aortic P variation during cardiac cycle

A
  1. 80 at end of isovol contraction (lowest)
  2. goes from 80 to 120 to 95 during ejection
  3. 95 to 100 during isovol relax
  4. drops back slowly to 80 during diastole
36
Q

atrial P variation during cardiac cycle

A
  1. near 0 at end diastole
  2. increases a bit during end isovol contraction
  3. drops low at start of ejection and goes back up slowly until 7-8 value at end of isovol relax
  4. goes down slowly during rapid inflow-diastasis
  5. goes up and back down during atrial systole
37
Q

vent volume during cardiac cycle

A
  1. at 50 at end of isovol relax
  2. up to 110 during rapid inflow-diastasis
  3. 110 to 130 ml during atrial systole
  4. from 130 at end diastole to 50 at end isovol relax
38
Q

ECG during cardiac cycle

A
  • P between diastasis atrial systole
  • Q and R during and at end of atrial systole
  • S at end of isovol contraction
  • T at end ejection + small portion in isovol relax
39
Q

QRS complex present where and represents what

A

AP passing through AV node and sweeping over ventricular muscle. At start of systole

40
Q

name of max pressure reached by LV and aorta during ejection phase

A

peak systolic BP

41
Q

what is called the slight increase in aortic P from 95 to 100 during isovol relaxation

A

incisura or dicrotic notch

42
Q

when does the left ventricle reach its minimum volume + name of that

A

ESV. when aortic valve closes. when isovol relax starts

43
Q

3 things the proper filling of ventricles depends on

A
  1. filling P of blood returning to heart
  2. ability of AV valves to open fully
  3. Low resistance to stretch
44
Q

what causes atrial systole (contraction) and when is it especially important

A

P wave. atrial systole important during exercise when low passive filling time

45
Q

When is LV at its fullest and at its emptiest

A

at fullest right before isovol contraction

at emptiest right before isovol relaxation

46
Q

SV def

A

EDV - ESV

47
Q

Ejection fraction def

A

SV divided by EDV

48
Q

normal ejection fraction

A

55-70%

49
Q

systolic BP def

A

highest arterial BP (at peak vent contraction): 120

50
Q

diastolic BP def

A

lowest recorded BP (at end of diastole)

51
Q

normal BP

A

120 over 80

52
Q

Pulse pressure def and normal value

A

systolic BP - diast BP. normal 40

53
Q

diastole to systole time ratio

A

2:1. diastole takes two thirds of cardiac cycle

54
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) formula

A

diastolic BP + third of pulse pressure

55
Q

how aorta acts when distended and why this is useful

A

elastic membranes. It recoils. helps maintain arterial pressure

56
Q

why similar mechanical events occur at the same time in both sides of the heart

A

bc entire heart is served by single electrical excitation

57
Q

how SV differs from one side of the heart to the other and why

A

is the same. (they’re in series)

58
Q

how pressure varies in the right atrium

A
  • goes up and back down at atrial contraction (7)
  • goes a little bit up and back down more at isovol contraction and ejection (4,5,2)
  • goes back up until isovol relax ends (5)
  • back to 2 immediately and then goes up slowly until reach 7 at atrial contraction
59
Q

how P varies in right ventricle

A

same as atrial P but after drop from 7 to 4 (atrial systole, isovol contr.), goes up to 25 at isovol contract and ejection and back down to 5 on atrial P graph at end

60
Q

how pulm artery pressure varies

A
  1. increases at ejection until 24 and back down to 20 at end ejection
  2. back up to 22 at isovol relax
  3. from isovol relax to next ejection, drops down from 22 to 8
61
Q

normal pulm artery pressure (syst and diast)

A

24 over 8

62
Q

what is the jugular venous pulse

A

puslation in the large veins transmitted by the right atrium

63
Q

why jugular vein is an important diagnostic tool

A

if have right heart failure or valve problem, can manifest there

64
Q

a wave on right cardiac cycle

A

atrial and vent P rise to 7 during atrial contraction

65
Q

c wave on right cardiac cycle

A

bump in atrial P to 5 bc of tricuspid valve leaflets bulging in RA

66
Q

X descent on right cardiac cycle

A 
atrial relaxation (ventricle is ejecting)
tricuspid valve displaced downwards during systole
67
Q

v wave on right cardiac cycle

A

bump back up of the atrial P to 5. (filling from the SVC and IVC)

68
Q

Y descent on right cardiac cycle

A

opening of tricuspid valve and emptying of the atrium

sg5 (55 decks)

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