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sg5 > Overview of the CV system Oct31 M1 > Flashcards

Overview of the CV system Oct31 M1 Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis def

A

process of maintaining constancy of our internal environment (pH, Temp, O2, etc.)

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2
Q

three compartements making up the total body water (TBW)

A

IC, EC interstitial, EC plasma

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3
Q

TBW % and vol

A

45L 60%

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4
Q

IC fluid % and vol

A

30L, 67% of TBW

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5
Q

EC fluid% and vol

A

15L, 33% of TBW

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6
Q

Interstitial fluid % of TBW and vol

A

12L, 80% of EC fluid

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7
Q

Plasma % of EC and vol

A

3L, 20% of EC fluid

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8
Q

pulmonary circulation compartments

A

right heart pum + lungs

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9
Q

systemic circulation compartments

A

left heart pump + systemic organs

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10
Q

pulm circulation is in ___ with systemic circ

A

series

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11
Q

organs of the systemic circulation are in ________ with each other

A

parallel

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12
Q

exception to systemic organs being in parallel

A

GI tract and liver are in series (but liver still receives fresh blood)

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13
Q

Blood conditioning organs def + 3 ex.

A

Receive blood in excess to maintain basal metabolic needs (lungs, kidneys, skin)

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14
Q

organs that are not conditionning, examples

A

heart, brain, skeletal muscle

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15
Q

relationship between P, flow and R

A

P = flow * R

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16
Q

Formula for resistance

A

R=(8viscL)div. (Pi*R4)

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17
Q

how can adapt flow equation to understand how it changes with diff parameters

A

In flow = P div. R, replace R by its formula.

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18
Q

blood pathway in right heart and pulm arteries

A

IVC or SVC, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulm valve, pulm arteries

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19
Q

blood pathway in pulm veins and left heart

A

pulm veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

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20
Q

how many pulm arteries and veins

A

2 pulm arteries

4 pulm veins

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21
Q

cardiac output def

A

Amount of blood pumper per minute from each ventricle

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22
Q

CO: 2 determinants

A

Heart rate and stroke volume

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23
Q

pacemaker in the heart

A

sinoatrial node

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24
Q

3 structures the AP in the heart gets through (start to end)

A

sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibers

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25
AV node and Purkinje fibers conductance
AP slow to let ventricle fill in AV node. Rapid conduction in Purkinje for synchronized contraction
26
How AP spreads in the heart
via gap junctions
27
SA node contains specialized ________
muscle cells
28
Starling's Law of the heart
if cardiac filling increases during diastole, stroke volume increases
29
stroke volume is proportional to ______ and ____
end diastolic volume (so CO too)
30
SS influences what portion of the heart
all
31
SS ntr on the heart and receptor
norepinephrine. beta-1 receptor
32
4 effects of SS on heart
- HR (SA node) - AP conduction velocity - force of contraction of atrial and ventricular muscles - rate of contraction and relaxation
33
PSS influences what portions of the heart
SA node, AV node, atrial muscle
34
PSS ntr on heart and receptor
Ach. M2
35
4 effects of PSS on heart
- HR (SA node) - AP conduction velocity (AV node) - Force of contraction of ATRIAL muscle - Rate of contraction and relaxation
36
Increase in PSS activity generally accompanied by ________
decrease in SS activity
37
5 requirements for effective ventricular pumping
- adequate filling at diastole - synchronized contraction - forceful contraction - valves fully open - valves don't leak
38
arteries behavior (wall thickness, systole, diastole)
thick wall, expand at systole to store blood, recoil at diastole to supply blood downstream
39
arteries wall composition
SM, elastin, collagen
40
arteries are the _____ vessels
conduit
41
how arteriole walls differ from arteries walls
thicker, more SM, less elastic material.
42
why more SM cells in arterioles
can control lumen diameter to regulate blood flow
43
arterioles are the ___________ vessels
resistance
44
capillaries are the ______ vessels
exchange
45
how cross sectional area (total) varies in CV system
greater as go towards capillaries
46
venules and veins walls charact
thin, contain SM, very distensible, diameter changes actively
47
veins are called the _______ vessels
capacitance
48
why veins capacitance vessels
more than 50% blood volume stored there
49
Special stucture found in larger veins
one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards
50
3 mechanisms of resistance control
- SS innervation to arterioles - local mediators of arteriolar SM - SS innervation to venules and veins
51
how SS affcts arterioles
alpha 1 R, NE, contraction of SM, reduced blood flow
52
how local mediators affect arterioles
increased metabolism=arteriolar relaxation and increased flow
53
how SS affects veins and venules
constriction, decreased venous volume, increased cardiac filling (increased SV).
54
Arteries and capillaries ANS innervation
none
55
blood cells 3 types + abundance + origin
RBCs (most abundant), platelets, WBCs (least abundant). Bone marrow is origin
56
serum def
plasma without clotting proteins
57
plasma contents
electrolytes, proteins*, nutrients, wastes
58
electrolytes in the blood
Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-
59
Proteins in the blood (3 categories)
albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
60
blood proteins functions
clotting, immune reaction, carrier proteins (fat, iron, copper, vitamin D, hormones)
61
most abundant plasma protein
albumin
62
proteins important function in plasma and why
osmotic role bc don't cross at capillaries so more concentrated in plasma

sg5 (55 decks)

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