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sg5 > Muscle Tissue (Histology) Oct30 M2 > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue (Histology) Oct30 M2 Flashcards

1
Q

embryonic origin of muscular tissue

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

what muscle type see no myofibrils on cross section

A

SM

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3
Q

what muscle type is multinucleated

A

skeletal

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4
Q

nucleus location in SM, SkM, CM

A

SM and CM: central

SKM: peripheral

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5
Q

different bands and lines of striated muscles

A

A band: dark. I band: light. pseudoband H: lighter one in A band. M line in middle of H. Z line in middle of I.

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6
Q

other names for plasma membrane in muscle

A

plasmalema or sarcolema

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7
Q

SkM and CM: what can be seen around the cells on LM

A

CT: fibrocytes

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8
Q

cardiac muscle special thing around nucleus and why

A

halo (lighter halo) bc of golgi apparatus

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9
Q

name of region where two cardiac muscle cells join

A

intercalated disk

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10
Q

what muscle type has satellite cells

A

skeletal muscle

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11
Q

function of satellite cells

A

potential to repair muscle. if tearings, it divides and replces the muscle in that area

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12
Q

location of satellite cells around the muscle

A

between the sarcolema and the BM

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13
Q

BM present in what muscle types

A

all

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14
Q

name of junction at end of skeletal muscle and with what structure

A

musculotendinous junction (with CT of tendon)

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15
Q

other structure seen around SkM on cross section

A

reticular fibers (CT with collagen type III)

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16
Q

SM cells size compared to cardiac and SkM

A

much smaller diameter for SM cells

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17
Q

what muscle type under voluntary vs involuntary control

A

voluntary is skeletal

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18
Q

hypertrophy vs hyperplasia: for what muscle types these terms are

A

SM: hyperplasia

SKM and CM: hypertrophy

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19
Q

SKM hypertrophy: normal or not + mechanism

A

Normal: Production of myoglobin and increase in number of myofibrils in cytoplasm

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20
Q

Cardiac muscle hypertrophy normal or abnormal

A

abnormal sometimes

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21
Q

why use the term hyperplasia for SM

A

bc it’s the NUMBER of cells that increases, not their size

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22
Q

most abundant tissue in the body

A

SKM

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23
Q

3 tissue layers around SKM

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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24
Q

epimysium location and def

A

surrounds all the SKM. thick layer of CT

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25
Q

perimysium location and def

A

surrounds a bundle or fascicle of muscle cells. Think filaments (septa) of CT

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26
Q

cells found in perimysium and what they do

A

fibrocytes. attach to other fibrocytes with gap junctions

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27
Q

endomysium location

A

around cells

28
Q

endomysium content (5)

A

capillaries, nerve fibers, fibrocytes, reticular fibers, BM

29
Q

branching principle through epi, peri and endo mysium

A

vessels and nerves branch and become smaller from epi to peri to endo mysium

30
Q

the endomysium is essentially a ____

A

basement membrane

31
Q

shape of sarcolema at the junctional complexes (musculotend. junction)

A

finger like projections of the sarcolema

32
Q

what is found in the finger-like projections

A

actin filaments that insert in dense areas near on inner side of plasmalema called dense bodies

33
Q

what is found on external portion of finger like projections

A

BM interacts with collagen fibers of the CT

34
Q

how many myofibrils in one cross section of striated muscle

A

1500

35
Q

number of myosin and actin filaments in one myofibril

A

thin (actin): 3000

thick (myosin): 1500

36
Q

shape or configuration obtained when cutting cross section of myofibril

A

hexagon

37
Q

cross section of striated muscle depends on what

A

depends on region where we cut

38
Q

4 diff cuts that can give diff cross sections of striated muscle

A

Through: I band, A band (dark portion), pseudo band H but not the middle, M line

39
Q

sarcomere size and def

A

2-3 microns. structure from one Z line to the other

40
Q

what is found at the M line (3)

A

cross bridges of myosin
creatine kinase
myomesin

41
Q

protein at Z line and function

A

alpha actinin. anchors actin

42
Q

what cratine kinase does at the M line and why

A

converts phosphocreatine + ADP to ATP + creatine (and can also do the opposite reaction)

Reason: ATP obtained is necessary in contraction of SKM and CM

43
Q

myomesin at M line, function

A

not known

44
Q

gross components of myosin molecule

A

2 heavy chains and 4 light chains

45
Q

name of myosin molecule subunits (3)

A 
light meromyosin (LMM)
heavy meromyosin (HMM) divided into HMM subunit 1 and HMMS-2
46
Q

what LMM corresponds to

A

two heavy chains halves that are far from light chains

47
Q

what HMMS-1 corresponds to (in terms of heavy and light chains)

A

region beyond the split of the heavy chains (the two heads)

48
Q

what HMMS-2 corresponds to

A

two heavy chains halves that are between LMM and split of heavy chains

49
Q

what enzyme cuts myosin into LMM and HMM

A

chymotrypsin

50
Q

what enzyme cuts HMM into HMMS-1 and HMMS-2

A

papain

51
Q

head of myosin corresponds to what subunit and what does it contain

A

HMMS-1. ATPase acivity where ATP cleaved into ADP and phosphate

52
Q

purpose of the phosphate myosin obtains in ATPase activity

A

is what generates energy for contraction

53
Q

HMMS-1 has binding site for what

A

actin

54
Q

actin monomers name and charact.

A

G-actin. Very polarized.

55
Q

actin filaments name and charact.

A

F-actin. Slightly twisted, contain groove between molecules of actin.

56
Q

molecule found in F-actin groove

A

tropomyosin. is in the groove along all the length

57
Q

what molecule attaches to tropomyosin

A

troponin

58
Q

troponin subunits

A

TnI, TnC, TnT

59
Q

TnI function

A

inhibits actin myosin interaction

60
Q

TnC function

A

binds calcium

61
Q

TnT function

A

anchors to tropomyosin

62
Q

What Ca release allows in striated muscle (mechanism for contraction)

A

binds troponin (TnC). Config change. Myosin already bound to ATP binds actin. Binding activates ATPase. Phosphate release allows bending of myosin and pulling

63
Q

the sarcoplasmic reticulum is basically the _____

A

endoplasmic reticulum

64
Q

what changes in size at contraction and what doesn’t

A

sarcomere and pseudoband H decrease. Actin and myosin length unchanged.

65
Q

nebulin function

A

covers completely F-actin and serves to anchor it to alpha actinin on Z line

66
Q

Titin function

A

anchors myosin to the Z line

sg5 (55 decks)

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