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sg5 > Overview of the CV system Oct31 M1 COPY > Flashcards

Overview of the CV system Oct31 M1 COPY Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis def

A

process of maintaining constancy of our internal environment (pH, Temp, O2, etc.)

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2
Q

three compartements making up the total body water (TBW)

A

IC, EC interstitial, EC plasma

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3
Q

TBW % and vol

A

45L 60%

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4
Q

IC fluid % and vol

A

30L, 67% of TBW

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5
Q

EC fluid% and vol

A

15L, 33% of TBW

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6
Q

Interstitial fluid % of TBW and vol

A

12L, 80% of EC fluid

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7
Q

Plasma % of EC and vol

A

3L, 20% of EC fluid

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8
Q

pulmonary circulation compartments

A

right heart pum + lungs

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9
Q

systemic circulation compartments

A

left heart pump + systemic organs

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10
Q

pulm circulation is in ___ with systemic circ

A

series

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11
Q

organs of the systemic circulation are in ________ with each other

A

parallel

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12
Q

exception to systemic organs being in parallel

A

GI tract and liver are in series (but liver still receives fresh blood)

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13
Q

Blood conditioning organs def + 3 ex.

A

Receive blood in excess to maintain basal metabolic needs (lungs, kidneys, skin)

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14
Q

organs that are not conditionning, examples

A

heart, brain, skeletal muscle

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15
Q

relationship between P, flow and R

A

P = flow * R

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16
Q

Formula for resistance

A

R=(8viscL)div. (Pi*R4)

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17
Q

how can adapt flow equation to understand how it changes with diff parameters

A

In flow = P div. R, replace R by its formula.

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18
Q

blood pathway in right heart and pulm arteries

A

IVC or SVC, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulm valve, pulm arteries

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19
Q

blood pathway in pulm veins and left heart

A

pulm veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

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20
Q

how many pulm arteries and veins

A

2 pulm arteries

4 pulm veins

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21
Q

cardiac output def

A

Amount of blood pumper per minute from each ventricle

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22
Q

CO: 2 determinants

A

Heart rate and stroke volume

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23
Q

pacemaker in the heart

A

sinoatrial node

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24
Q

3 structures the AP in the heart gets through (start to end)

A

sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, Purkinje fibers

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25
Q

AV node and Purkinje fibers conductance

A

AP slow to let ventricle fill in AV node. Rapid conduction in Purkinje for synchronized contraction

26
Q

How AP spreads in the heart

A

via gap junctions

27
Q

SA node contains specialized ________

A

muscle cells

28
Q

Starling’s Law of the heart

A

if cardiac filling increases during diastole, stroke volume increases

29
Q

stroke volume is proportional to ______ and ____

A

end diastolic volume (so CO too)

30
Q

SS influences what portion of the heart

A

all

31
Q

SS ntr on the heart and receptor

A

norepinephrine. beta-1 receptor

32
Q

4 effects of SS on heart

A
  • HR (SA node)
  • AP conduction velocity
  • force of contraction of atrial and ventricular muscles
  • rate of contraction and relaxation
33
Q

PSS influences what portions of the heart

A

SA node, AV node, atrial muscle

34
Q

PSS ntr on heart and receptor

A

Ach. M2

35
Q

4 effects of PSS on heart

A
  • HR (SA node)
  • AP conduction velocity (AV node)
  • Force of contraction of ATRIAL muscle
  • Rate of contraction and relaxation
36
Q

Increase in PSS activity generally accompanied by ________

A

decrease in SS activity

37
Q

5 requirements for effective ventricular pumping

A
  • adequate filling at diastole
  • synchronized contraction
  • forceful contraction
  • valves fully open
  • valves don’t leak
38
Q

arteries behavior (wall thickness, systole, diastole)

A

thick wall, expand at systole to store blood, recoil at diastole to supply blood downstream

39
Q

arteries wall composition

A

SM, elastin, collagen

40
Q

arteries are the _____ vessels

A

conduit

41
Q

how arteriole walls differ from arteries walls

A

thicker, more SM, less elastic material.

42
Q

why more SM cells in arterioles

A

can control lumen diameter to regulate blood flow

43
Q

arterioles are the ___________ vessels

A

resistance

44
Q

capillaries are the ______ vessels

A

exchange

45
Q

how cross sectional area (total) varies in CV system

A

greater as go towards capillaries

46
Q

venules and veins walls charact

A

thin, contain SM, very distensible, diameter changes actively

47
Q

veins are called the _______ vessels

A

capacitance

48
Q

why veins capacitance vessels

A

more than 50% blood volume stored there

49
Q

Special stucture found in larger veins

A

one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards

50
Q

3 mechanisms of resistance control

A
  • SS innervation to arterioles
  • local mediators of arteriolar SM
  • SS innervation to venules and veins
51
Q

how SS affcts arterioles

A

alpha 1 R, NE, contraction of SM, reduced blood flow

52
Q

how local mediators affect arterioles

A

increased metabolism=arteriolar relaxation and increased flow

53
Q

how SS affects veins and venules

A

constriction, decreased venous volume, increased cardiac filling (increased SV).

54
Q

Arteries and capillaries ANS innervation

A

none

55
Q

blood cells 3 types + abundance + origin

A

RBCs (most abundant), platelets, WBCs (least abundant). Bone marrow is origin

56
Q

serum def

A

plasma without clotting proteins

57
Q

plasma contents

A

electrolytes, proteins*, nutrients, wastes

58
Q

electrolytes in the blood

A

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-

59
Q

Proteins in the blood (3 categories)

A

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

60
Q

blood proteins functions

A

clotting, immune reaction, carrier proteins (fat, iron, copper, vitamin D, hormones)

61
Q

most abundant plasma protein

A

albumin

62
Q

proteins important function in plasma and why

A

osmotic role bc don’t cross at capillaries so more concentrated in plasma

sg5 (55 decks)

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