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sg5 > Blood vessels (Histology) Oct31 M3 > Flashcards

Blood vessels (Histology) Oct31 M3 Flashcards

1
Q

efferent vessels def

A

arteries (supply blood)

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2
Q

afferent vessels def

A

veins (drain blood)

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3
Q

lymph composition

A

plasma enriched with Igs and lymphocytes produced by lymphatic organs

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4
Q

arterial vessels 4 types

A

large (elastic) arteries
muscular arteries
arterioles
metarterioles

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5
Q

venous vessels 4 types

A

postcapillary venules
venules
medial or small size veins
large veins

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6
Q

where large veins and medium small sized veins located

A

parallel to muscular arteries and large arteries

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7
Q

3 layers of muscular arteries and middle sized veins + gross composition

A

intima (endoth and CT), media (SM cells) and adventitia (dense CT)

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8
Q

3 layers of intima in musculary artery

A
  1. endothelial (squamous simple epith)
  2. Subendothelial layer (thin layer of CT, mainly ECM, reticular and elastic fibers too)
  3. IELM (internal elastic limiting membrane or internal elastic)
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9
Q

IELM function and appearance

A

elastic membrane covers artery like a sleeve. not a fiber. appears wavy bc of retraction at fixation

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10
Q

Intima layers in veins

A

endothelium and bit of subendothelial layer (CT) (NO IELM)

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11
Q

Media composition

A

layers of SM

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12
Q

media diff between arteries and arterioles

A

arteries: 4-26 SM layers
arterioles: 1-2 SM layers

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13
Q

media in veins and diff with arteries

A

1-2 layers of SM and cells separated by CT

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14
Q

adventitia charact

A

dense irregular CT , collagen fibers, etc.

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15
Q

vasa vasorum def

A

small blood vessels within wall of vessels

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16
Q

where vasa vasorum found

A

in adventitia of large arteries and large veins

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17
Q

how nutrients supply is done in large arteries and veins

A

top half supplied by lumen

bottom half supplied by vasa vasorum

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18
Q

diagnostic tool to separate arteries and veins (2)

A

Presence of IELM

Thickness of media

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19
Q

appearance of IELM on longitudinal section and real characteristic

A

appears to have openings and fenestrations but isn’t broken in fact. is continuous

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20
Q

cells found in adventitia

A

fibrocytes

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21
Q

special structure found in veins of very low extremities and normal functioning

A

valves part of the intima projecting in the lumen. Normally, closed

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22
Q

varicose veins def and risk factors

A

valves in lower extremities stay open. Associated with what: high BP, obesity, lack of movement, smoking, pregnancy, genetic predisposition

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23
Q

valves in lower extremities come from what

A

are part of intima. endothelial cells with bit of subendothelial layers project in lumen

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24
Q

subendothelial layer of intima something particular

A

can be present, absent or can be very thin

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25
Q

something special found in media of elastic arteries

A

elastic membranes (along with the SM)

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26
Q

how adventitia changes more distally in CV system

A

becomes thinner (and no vasa vasorum)

27
Q

elastic artery morphology and histology

A

endoth layer, subendoth layer, IELM, other elastic membranes not called IELM. SM between these. adventitia. SM and elastic membranes form concentric circles

28
Q

large veins like VC. composition

A

endoth layer, subendoth, no IELM. no elastic membranes, thinner media

29
Q

middle size veins how media differs from large veins

A

discontinuous layer of SM

30
Q

how elastic membranes of large arteries appear on longitudinal section

A
  1. can connect between one another

2. appear interrupted but are not. are continuous, not broken.

31
Q

how SM cells of large arteries differ from SM cells of muscular arteries

A

in large arteries, run in diff directions (disorganized)

in musc. arteries, organized

32
Q

stain to see elastic membranes of large arteries well

A

Verhoeff Hematoxylin

33
Q

SM cells behavior in large veins + appearance

A

run in diff directions. look more purple. separated by bit of CT

34
Q

arterial vessel with 3 SM layer considered what?

A

transition between muscular artery and arteriole

35
Q

Diff in elastic fibers between arteries and arterioles

A

No IELM in arterioles, only elastic fibers running in parallel with length of the arteriole

36
Q

SM configuration in arterioles

A

runs perpendicular to arteriole direction, on their circumference

37
Q

how SM appears on longit cut and cross section of arteriole

A

SM cut in cross section on longit cut of arteriole.

SM cut longit. on cross section of arteriole

38
Q

how flow and volme of blood compares between aorta and capillaries

A

800 times greater volume in capillaries

1000x slower flow in capillaries (0.3 vs 320 mm per sec)

39
Q

functions of capillaries (5)

A

Exchange, nutrition, thermoregulation, BP regul, inflammation

40
Q

capillaries classification

A

permeable (fenestrated or sinusoid) and impermeable (continuous)

41
Q

sinusoid capillaries charact

A

no BM, only supported by reticular fibers

42
Q

fenestrated or continuous capillary charact.

A

can’t differentiate without EM.

43
Q

postcap venule charact. and how ressembles capillaries

A

endoth layer (1 cell), like cap., diameter 10-15 microns vs 8 for cap. may have cells called pericytes

44
Q

pericytes what they do in postcap venule

A

contractile element that isn’t SM

45
Q

epithelial junction found in both fenestrated and continuous capillaries

A

zonula occludens (gap junction, synonym)

46
Q

modes of transport through continous (permeable) capillaries (3)

A
  • endocytosis in lumen, exocytosis in ECF
  • pores closed and that open when two vesicles fuse. small molecules can pass
  • clathrin mediated vesicles that behave like endo and exocytosis
47
Q

modes of transport through fenestrated capillaries (4)

A

3 modes of continuous caps + openings and windoes sealed by small diaphragms where albumin may pass

48
Q

sinusoid capillaries found where

A

spleen and liver

49
Q

continuous capillaries found where

A

nervous tissue, skeletal, cardiac, SM, skin, lung, lymphatic organs

50
Q

fenestrated capillaries location

A

intestinal mucosa, pancreas, salivary glands, endocrine glands, renal glomerulus

51
Q

particular function metarterioles may accomplish

A

may act as sphincters that close in case of hemorrhage. blood then goes to venous circul. via anastomosis

52
Q

4 fcts of endothelium of all CV system

A
  • permeability
  • metabolic
  • prod of vasoactive substances
  • anti-thrombogenic function
53
Q

what endothelium lets through (permeability)

A

lipids

54
Q

endothelium: 2 metabolic functions

A
  • enzymes on surface convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 3

- inactivation of bradykinin (which can make SM contract), serotonin, PGs, NE, etc.

55
Q

endothelium: 2 vasoactive substances produced

A
  • endothelin: contraction of SM

- NO: relaxation of SM

56
Q

why endothelium has anti-thrombogenic function

A

stops platelets from touching ECM and forming clot

57
Q

anti-thrombogenic effect of endothelium: importance in atherosclerosis

A

atherosclerosis (macrophages accum, etc.) pushes on artery wall. advanced stage, endothelium broken and clot can form

58
Q

where lymphatic vessels pass

A

in CT containing lymph

59
Q

what makes up lymphatic vessels AT LUMEN

A

very thin endothelial cells without occluding and gap junctions

60
Q

BM or no BM in lymphatics

A

no BM around endothelium

61
Q

lymphatics: what endothelial cells attach to

A

anchored to CT fibers (type 1 and type 3 collagen + elastic fibers)

62
Q

special structure sometimes found in small or large lymphatics

A

valves (folds of the wall projecting in lumen)

63
Q

large lymphatics like thoracic duct: other tissue composing their wall

A

SM cells

64
Q

blood cell type not found in lymph

A

RBCs

sg5 (55 decks)

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