Anatomy COPY Flashcards
What is called the fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone?
Tendon
What is called the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?
Ligament
What is called the fibrous connective tissue the envelops structures?
Fascia
What is the term for the skeletal opening/hole?
Foramen
What is the term for the skeletal shallow depression?
Fossa
What is the term for the skeletal small flat articular surface?
Facet
What is the term for the skeletal round small nodule/outgrowth for articulation or muscle attachment?
Tubercle
What is the term for a rough projection on a skeletal surface?
Tuberosity
What is the term for the skeletal round prominence at the end of a bone, often for articulation?
Condyle
What is the term for the round projection above a condyle serving as a surface for ligament/tendon?
Epicondyle
What is called the angle at the ventral-caudal position of the thoracic cage?
The infrasternal angle
What are the alternative names of the superior and inferior thoracic aperture?
Superior: thoracic inlet
Inferior: thoracic outlet
What are the “true” ribs?
Ribs #1-7. They are directly attached to the sternum
What are the “false” ribs?
Ribs #8-10. They have indirect insertion to the sternum.
What are the floating ribs?
Ribs #11-12. They have no insertion
Starting from the posterior, what are the portion of a normal rib?
Head, neck, tubercle with articular facet, costal angle, costal groove, body of the rib, costal cartilage
What are the three articular surfaces of the rib?
Costal cartilage
Head of rib
Tubercle
The head of the rib usually articulates with two vertebras at the same type. Where on the vertebras?
At the costovertebral joints
Rib 4 interacts with which vertebras?
T-4 and T-3
Which ribs are atypical?
Rib 1, 2, 10, 11 & 12
Why is rib 1 atypical?
Short, flat & horizontally oriented
No costal groove, but has posterior groove for subclavian vein and artery
Articulates only with T-1
Why is rib 2 atypical?
Like rib 1, it is smaller
Why is rib 10 atypical?
Only articulates with T-10
Why are ribs 11 and 12 atypical?
Only articulates with T-11 and T-12 (respectively)
Short
No tubercle or neck
The sternum is composed of three bones. What are they?
Manubrium (top)
Body of sternum
Ziphoid process (bottom)
Where does the manubrium meets the body of sternum, and what rib is attached there?
At the manubriosternal joint. Rib 2 is attached there.
What do we call the place where the body of sternum meets the Xiphoid process?
The Xiphisternal joint
From which spinal nerve(s) do the phrenic nerves come from?
C3, C4 and C5
The fibre of an intercostal muscle goes from posterior-superior to anterior-inferior. Which one is it?
External intercostal muscles
The external intercostal muscles do what?
Elevate ribs for respiration
What is the fiber direction of the internal intercostal muscles?
Anterior, superior
The fiber direction of an intercostal muscle is anterior superior. Which muscle(s) is it?
Internal intercostal muscles or
Innermost intercostal muscles
The transversus thoracis is a muscle that links…
The body of sternum and xiphoid process to the 2-6 ribs
What does the transversus thoracis do?
Depresses ribs
Where on the rib do the neurovascular supplies are found?
On the costal groove
From the rib to the center of the intercostal muscle, what are the neurovascular supplies?
Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve
The thoracic aorta is on the right or left of the body of sternum?
Left
Musculophrenic arteries are found below which rib?
Rib 7
The hemiazygos and azygos veins drains blood directly into…
The superior vena cava
The dermatome of the nipple is at the level of which rib?
T4
The xiphoid process is at the level of which rib?
T6
The umbilicus is at the level of which rib?
T10
The mediastinal pleura is between what and what?
The lungs and the heart
The pleural costal cavity is between what and what?
The lungs and the ribs
Which pleura is insensitive to pain and why?
The visceral pleura, because it is linked to the autonomous nervous system
Impressions left on the right lung are caused by what?
Esophagus
Superior vena cava
Azygos vein
Impressions left on the left lung are caused by what?
Bottom part of the esophagus
Aorta (and heart)
What is the carina?
The separation between the primary bronchi
What is the tertiary bronchi repartition for the right lung?
Superior lobe: 3
Middle lobe: 2
Inferior lobe: 5
What is the tertiary bronchi repartition for the left lung?
Superior lobe: 5
Inferior lobe: 5
From front to back, what are the vessel that enter the right lung at the hilum?
Vein
Artery
Bronchus
From bottom to top, what are the vessel that enter the left lung at the hilum?
Vein
Bronchus
Artery
Between which ribs are found the carina?
T-4 and T-5
Along the mid-clavicular line, which ribs are found at the superior lobe?
Between rib 1 and 2
Along the mid-clavicular line, which rib is found at the middle lobe?
Below rib 4
Along the mid-clavicular line, which rib is found at the inferior lobe?
Below rib 6
Along the mid-axiliary line, which rib is found at the horizontal fissure
Rib 5
Along the mid-axiliary line, which ribs are found at the oblique fissure?
Crossing rib 5 and rib 4
