Normal lung function Flashcards

1
Q

During which phase of respiration do we have negative pleural pressure, negative flow, negative alveolar pressure but growing air air volume in the lung?

A

Inspiration

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2
Q

What does FRC mean?

A

Functional residual capacity: the volume of air present in the lung after a passive expiration

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3
Q

What is IRV?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume: the volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after the tidal volume is expired

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4
Q

What is ERV?

A

Expiratory reserve volume: the volume of air that can be forcibly expelled after the tidal volume is inspired

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5
Q

What is the instrument that measures change in volume in an organ (or the whole body)

A

Plethysmograph

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6
Q

Variation of volume on variation of pressure indicates what?

A

Compliance level

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7
Q

You can measure pleural pressure with what instrument?

A

Cathameter

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8
Q

What are the two determinants of compliance?

A

Tissue forces

Surface tension

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9
Q

What increases lung tissue force?

A

When lung scarring occurs (fibrosis)

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10
Q

Does emphysema increases lung tissue force?

A

No. Emphysema happens when the parenchymal architecture is destroyed

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11
Q

What does pulmonary sufractant do?

A

Lowers surface tension to ease inflation/deflation of lungs

Promotes alveolar stability

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12
Q

Does pressure increase with tension?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are the three determinants of RV (residual lung volume)?

A

Limit of chest wall
Obstruction while emptying the lungs
Limit of expiratory force

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14
Q

Lung and chest wall recoil inwards. This is a sign of…

A

Reaching TLC (total lung capacity)

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15
Q

Lung recoils inward and chest all recoils outward. This is a sign of…

A

Reaching residual lung volume (RV) and the end of functional residual capacity (FRC)

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16
Q

Which is more compliant: the bottom or upper part of the lung?

A

Bottom

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17
Q

What is the quantity of gas that ends up in anatomical dead space during inspiration?

A

150ml

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18
Q

Of the minute ventilation, what percentage ends up at the alveoli and what percentage ends up in the dead space?

A

70% is the alveolar ventilation

30% is the dead space ventilation

19
Q

In the body, that is water vapour pressure?

20
Q

What happens during hypoventilation?

A

Alveolar ventilation is too low:
1- Increase PACO2
2- Increase H+ in blood: respiratory acidosis

21
Q

What happens during hyperventilation

A

Alveolar ventilation too high:
1- Decreased PACO2
2- Decrease H+ in blood: respiratory alkalosis

22
Q

Is the ventilation greatest at the bottom or the top of the lung? Why?

A

At the bottom: pleural pressure is less negative at the bottom

23
Q

Increased respiratory workload can be caused by 3 factors. What are they?

A

Increased resistance
Decreased compliance
Deformed chest wall

24
Q

Lung fibrosis leads to…

A

decreased compliance

25
Give two sickness that lead to deformed chest wall
Kyphoscoliosis | Kyphosis
26
Respiratory failure, type 1 is
decreased PaO2
27
Respiratory failure, type 2 is
increased PaCO2
28
Give the trajectory of deoxygenated blood coming from the body
Superior & inferior vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Lungs
29
Give the trajectory of oxygenated blood coming from the lungs
``` Pulmonary veins Left atrium Left ventricle Ascending aorta Rest of the body ```
30
The pulmonary arteries carry what?
Deoxygenated blood
31
The pulmonary veins carry what?
Oxygenated blood
32
Bronchial arteries carry what?
Oxygenated blood
33
Bronchial veins carry what?
Deoxygenated blood
34
Which has the higher pressure: pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation?
Pulmonary circulation
35
In the regional flow of lungs, which zone corresponds to PA>Pa>PV
Zone 1
36
In the regional flow of lungs, which zone corresponds to Pa>PA>PV
Zone 2
37
In the regional flow of lungs, which zone corresponds to Pa>PV>PA
Zone 3
38
Zone 1 occurs where in the lungs?
At the top of the lung
39
With hypoxia (low PAO2), the pulmanory vessels will...
constrict. This is accentuated by a low pH
40
Gas exchange flux increases with hydrostatic pressure but decreases with...
oncotic pressure
41
What is pleural effusion?
Fluid accumulation in the pleura
42
What is the definition of obstruction?
FV1/FVC low ratio
43
What is the definition of restriction?
Low TLC