The Heart Flashcards
Describe the movement of blood through the heart
- The right atrium receives blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle
- The right ventricle pumps this blood to the lungs
- The left atrium receives the blood from the lungs and passes it to the left ventricle .
- The left ventricle pumps this blood to the rest of the body
What is the purpose off valves in the heart
To insure blood can only flow in one direction
Explain what kind off blood the following blood vessels carry and where too
Vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta
Vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs
The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (left atrium)
The aorta carries oxygenated from the heart (left ventricle) to the body
What is cardiac output
Stroke volume x heart rate
What are the structure off arteries, veins and capillaries
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart the contain smooth muscle and elastic fibres when the arteries contract this is called vasoconstriction and when it relaxes vasodilation
Capillaries: a link between arteries and veins they are very thin to allow for substances to easily pass through
Veins: carry blood towards the heart they do not have a muscular wall and blood pressure in the veins is relatively ow veins are thiner that arteries
what is vasoconstriction and vasodilation
vasoconstriction: the blood vessels contraction of blood vessels
vasodilation: the blood vessels relax to increase blood flow.
how does exercise affect blood flow during exercise
when exercising the muscles use up much more oxygen and nutrients and produce more carbon dioxide to cater for these changes the blood flow to and from the cells must change this is done by changing the output off blood from the heart or changing the diameter of blood vessels supplying the tissues.
define blood pressure
pressure that is exerted by the blood upon the walls of the blood vessels
what factors affect blood pressure
age, exercise and stress
define pulmonic systemic coronary circulation
pulmonic: Pulmonary circulation, system of blood vessels that forms a closed circuit between the heart and the lungs
Systemic circulation: is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body
coronary: is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle
what are the structural and functional features of cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is specialized tissue that is found only in the heart. It has characteristics similar to both smooth and skeletal muscle tissue, as well as specialized properties, that allow it to function with fast but sustained contractions, rapid conduction and coordinated movement It is involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the wall of the heart. The cardiac muscle forms a thick middle layer between the outer layer of the heart wall and the inner layer, with blood supplied via the coronary circulation.
The tricuspid valve prevents back flow of blood from the
Right ventricle to the right atrium
